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Diploma in Construction
& the Built Environment / Civil Engineering YEAR 2014_15 QAN 500/7140/3 & 500/7137/3
(Btec Programmes: JW986 JW987 JW988)
ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET
(semester based)
UNIT 14
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Unit code: J/600/0228 Credit value: 10 This unit is internally assessed
In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate
that they can meet all of the learning outcomes for the unit. The criteria for a pass grade describe the
level of achievement required to pass this unit. Pass grade work is treated as formative assessment and
as such the student will receive feedback to enable a resubmission within one week to correct any errors
or omissions. Late work will only be accepted with a full completed mitigating circumstance form
attached.
Higher grade work is treated as summative assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in
tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be no resubmissions available
with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit
grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous
with the higher grade attempted. Higher Grade work will not be marked if it is submitted late. No of Assignment: No. of in class test: No of Practicals / field visits:
9 3 0
SUMMARY OF SUBMISSION: Complete to keep track of your work
Criteria Date Submitted Assessor signature LEARNERS NAME (in capitals)
P1
P2 In class test Missing these test
will be detrimental
to your achievement P3 In class test
P4
P5
P6
ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT PART OF
THIS ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET IS
RETURNED WITH YOUR SUBMISSION. (e.g.
for assignment 1 return sheet 3 to 6
P7
P8 In class test
P9
M1
M2 THIS PAGE IS TO BE USED AS A
RECORD/PROOF OF SUBMISSION.
ENSURE EACH PIECE OF WORK
SUBMITTED IS SIGNED FOR.
M3
D1
D2
This assignment booklet is available on the authors Website: www.angelofilomeno.com.
Queries may be sent via email to: angelo.filomeno@cnwl.ac.uk (submissions will NOT be accepted
via this route)
2
UNIT 14: Structural Mechanics
TRACKING SHEET FOR ............................................................................
Ass
ig
No.
Criteria / Description HAND IN
DATE
Dates when
assessed Items to be submitted Initial when
achieved
1 P1. explain the behaviour of beams and
columns under load
02/10/2014
a - deflected shape, stress involved
b- deflected shape, stress involved
c- deflected shape, stress involved
d- deflected shape, stress involved
e- deflected shape, stress involved
f- deflected shape, stress involved
g- deflected shape, stress involved
h- deflected shape, stress involved
i- sketch i, sketch ii, examples
j- sketch stress diagram: i,ii
j- iii, 4 deflected shapes
J - iv, explanation with sketches x 3 minimum
2 P2. determine reactive forces and plot
shear force and bending moment
diagrams for a simply supported beam 16/10/2014 TEST
a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
b- i, ii, iii, iv, v
3 P3. determine reactive forces and plot
shear force and bending moment
diagrams for a cantilever beam 6/11/2014 TEST
a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
b- i, ii, iii, iv, v
4
P4. determine the forces acting in a determinate frame using
Mathematical and graphical
techniques
27/11/2014 a - i, ii (table)
b - i, ii (table)
5 P5. determine the maximum stress in a
short column under axial and eccentric loads
11/12/2014 a- i, ii, iii, iv, v
b- i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
6 P6. produce suitable section sizes for
axially loaded columns 08/01/2015
a -timber post
b -steel stanchion
c -RC column
d - Limit state v Permissible stress design
7 P7. produce suitable section sizes for
simply supported beams subject to combined loading
15/01/2015 a - timber beam design
b - RSJ design
c - RC slab design
8 P8. produce a suitable section for a mass
retaining wall that is safe in
overturning, sliding and settlement 22/01/2015 TEST a - i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
9 P9. explain the benefits of using computer
software in structural analysis and
design. 04/12/2014
Printout- Observation in class --Note early
submission date
3
M1. explain the relationship between shear force and bending moment and the
significance of the point of
contraflexure
after P3 Differential Equations for bending
5 M2. explain how the effective length of a
column is determined under different
restraint conditions after P5 column effective lengths
7 M3. compare alternative methods of
designing structural members in terms
of British Standards after P7 Comparison of differing design methods
4 D1. compare numerical and graphical
methods of solving forces in
Frameworks after P4 Frame solutions
7 D2. evaluate alternative design methods in
terms of their application for a given design brief
after M3 Evaluation of differing design methods
THIS SHEET TO BE KEPT UPDATED IN TUTORIALS
Latest Submission for higher grade work: 4:00pm - 22nd
January 2015
3
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 1------------------------------------Behaviour under load
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P1
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
4
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assignment 1-- Behaviour under load
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that
the learner is able to
meet the following
Criteria:
To be completed, ready
for submission by:- 02/10/2014 (Behaviour under load sketches----P1)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign &
date when criteria
achieved
P1.
explain the
behaviour of
beams and
columns under
load.
These tasks must be completed to help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering and assessment
Sketch the likely deflected shape for each of the following beams or cantilevers
under the loads shown and indicate the type of stresses involved:
Behaviour of
structural elements:
beams in bending and
shear; stresses and
deflection;
learners must explain,
with the use of
supportive sketches,
the general behaviour
of beams and columns
under load.
Evidence could be in
the form of a written
report with supportive
diagrams.
a) Cantilever
b) Propped Cantilever
c) Encastre Beram (fixed both ends)
d) Simply supported beam
e) Contiuous Beam
5
P1. (continued)
Sketch the likely deflected shape for each of the following structures and
indicate the type of members and stresses involved: Combined behaviour:
bracing of
frameworks for
stability;
f) 3 Pin (or Hinge) Arch
g) Portal Frame (Rigid Joints)
h) Framed Truss
i) Explain the behaviour of piers and walls by sketching the following;
i. Sketch an example where external buttress walls are used to add stability to
a structure.
ii. Sketch an example where internal walls are used to aid stability to a
structure.
Indicate, in both cases, examples of the type of structure where these walls occur.
use of walls for
stability
Support Support
Load
6
j) Explain column behaviour by answering the following;
i. Sketch the deflection likely for the various differently restrained columns
shown below.
ii. Explain with the aid of sketches and give real examples of what the restraint
terms "fixed"," pinned" and and "free" actually mean to column/beam
connections.
iii. Sketch the stress diagram under a short column subjected to an axial load W
iv. Sketch the stress diagram if the load W moves to an eccentric position
within the middle third of the section.
columns and struts
under direct load
and eccentric
load; effect of
restraint on
members in
compression
Load
Free
Fixed Pinned
Pinned
Load
Pinned
Load
Fixed
Load
Fixed
Fixed
7
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 2-----------------------Structural Mechanics problems
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P2
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
8
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 2- structural mechanics problems To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that
the learner is able to meet
the following Criteria:
To be completed, ready
for submission by:-
16/10/2014 (Reactions SFD & BMD----Beams calcs ---P2)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign
& date when
criteria
achieved
P2.
explain the
behaviour of
beams and
columns under
load.
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST (Load values and configuration may change)
Aid to answering and assessment
BEAMS:
a) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
simply supported beam, carrying combined load shown below.
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the
effect of loading for the beam shown above.
i. Calculate the unknown reactions.
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this
located?
Structural mechanics
problems: relating to
beams;
Beams: point loads;
reactions; shear force
values; bending moment
values; simply supported
beams without cantilever
ends. relationship
between shear force and
bending moment; point of
contraflexure;
All working in finding the reactions should be
clearly shown.
SFD should be drawn to
an appropriate scale and on proper graph paper.
The supporting
calculations of bending
moment at the plotted
points should be shown.
50kN 20kN 40kN
Support
A Support
B
9m 10m 11m 6m 7m 8m 3m 4m 5m 1m 2m
60k
N
9
b) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for
the simply supported beam, carrying combined load shown below.
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect of loading
for the beam shown above.
i. Calculate the unknown reactions.
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this
located?
Structural mechanics
problems: relating to
beams;
Beams: point loads;
uniformly distributed
loads (UDLs); combined
loads; reactions; shear
force values; bending
moment values; simply
supported beams with
cantilever ends;
All working in finding the
reactions should be
clearly shown.
SFD should be drawn to
an appropriate scale and
on proper graph paper.
The supporting
calculations of bending
moment at the plotted
points should be shown.
40kN
UDL 10 kN/m
9m 6m 7m 8m 3m 4m 5m 1m 2m
50kN
Support A Support B
10
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 3------------------Structural Mechanics problems II
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P3
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST
M1
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
11
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 3- Structural mechanics problems II To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:-
30/10/2014 (Reactions SFD & BMD----Cantilevers ---P3)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign
& date when
criteria
achieved
P3. determine
reactive forces and
plot shear force
and bending
moment diagrams
for a cantilever
beam
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST (Load values and configuration may change)
Aid to answering /
assessment
CANTILEVERS:
a) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
cantilever beam , carrying combined load shown below.
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect
of loading for the beam shown above.
i. Calculate the unknown reactions.
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this located?
All working in
finding the
reactions should be clearly shown.
SFD should be
drawn to an appropriate scale
and on proper
graph paper.
The supporting
calculations of
bending moment
at the plotted
points should be
shown
Fixed Support A
3m 4m 5m 1m 2m
30kN 40kN 20kN
12
P3 continued
b) Determine reactive forces and plot shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
cantilever beam, carrying combined load shown below.
Use the techniques of shear force and bending moment to analyse the effect
of loading for the beam shown above.
i. Calculate the unknown reactions.
ii. Draw the shear force diagram for the beam.
iii. What is the maximum value of shear force? Where on the beam is this located?
iv. Draw the bending moment diagram for the beam.
v. What is the maximum value of bending moment? Where on the beam is this located?
All working in
finding the
reactions should
be clearly shown.
SFD should be
drawn to an
appropriate scale and on proper
graph paper.
The supporting
calculations of
bending moment
at the plotted
points should be
shown
3m 4m 5m 6m 7m
UDL 10kN/m
Fixed Support A
1m 2m
40kN 20kN
13
MERIT OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed. Assessor to
Indicate, sign &
date when criteria
achieved
To achieve a MERIT grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria, the
learner is able to meet the following
criteria:
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be
no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit
grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade
attempted.
M1. explain the
relationship between shear
force and bending moment
and the significance of the
point of contraflexure.
i. Find reactions RL and RR
ii. By evaluating the bending moment M at a point x metre from the left obtain an algebraic expression
for the bending moment at any point on the beam
iii. State the mathematical relationship between the expression for bending moment and the expression
for shear force on the beam.
iv. Hence show how it possible to obtain an algebraic expression for shear force.
v. Sketch the shear force diagram for the beam.
vi. At what position on the beam is the shear force equal to zero?
vii. Evaluate the bending moment at the point of zero shear. What is distinctive about the value of
bending moment at the point of zero shear?
viii. What is a point of "contraflexure"?
ix. For which common beam material is a point of contraflexure of special significance? Explain fully.
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 15th
January 2015
RL RR
x
UDL W kN/m
14
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 4------------------Structural Mechanics problems III
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P4
D1
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
15
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 4- structural mechanics problems III To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:-
13/11/2014 (Frames ---P4)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign & date
when criteria
achieved
P4. determine the
forces acting in a
determinate frame
using Mathematical
and graphical
techniques
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering and assessment
FRAMES:
a) The diagram shows a pin-jointed framework supported at its left and right
hand ends.
i. Find the reactions RL and RR,
ii. Use the method of resolution of forces to identify the size and nature of the
forces in each member of the frame
Frameworks: statically determinate; pin-jointed;
subject to dead loads and wind loads
Copy and complete the following table:
Member Force in member Strut or Tie
AB
AE
CD
DE
BE
BC
CE
10kN 20kN
60°
E
60°
60° 60°
2.000m 2.000m RR RL
B C
A D
16
P4. continued
b) The diagram shows a pin-jointed roof truss of 8.000m span subject to
loadings as shown.
Use the method of Bow's notation to identify the size and nature of the forces in
each member of the frame.
i. Draw an accurate and well-presented scale diagram to represent the internal
forces in the frame.
ii. Present the magnitude of the forces and type (strut or Tie) in each member in
tabular form
Frameworks: statically
determinate; pin-
jointed; subject to dead
loads and wind loads
17
DISTINCTION OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed unless all MERIT criteria have been completed. Assessor to
Indicate, sign &
date when criteria
achieved
To achieve a DISTINCTION grade
the evidence must show that, in
addition to the MERIT criteria, the
learner is able to meet the following
criteria:
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be
no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit
grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade
attempted.
D1. compare numerical
and graphical methods of
solving forces in
Frameworks
Solve the above two frames by alternate means to those already employed and compare and contrast
the methods used.
i.e. question a) by using graphical means
and question b) by using resolution of forces.
Compare and contrast the two methods of solution
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 15th
January 2015
18
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 5------------------Structural Mechanics problems IV
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P5
M2
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
19
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 5- structural mechanics problems IV To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:-
27/11/2014 (Short Columns ---P5)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign &
date when
criteria
achieved
P5. determine
the maximum
stress in a short
column under
axial and eccentric
loads
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
COLUMNS:
a) The Diagram shows the cross-section through a rectangular brick column 300 mm by 450 mm. An
eccentric concentrated load of 270 kN is located on the Y-axis and at a variable distance 'e' from the
X-axis.
i. What is the maximum value of eccentricity 'e' consistent with there being no forces of tension within
the column?
ii. Calculate the value of the bending stress developed in the column with an eccentricity of 50 mm.
iii. What is the value of the direct stress loading generated in the column by the action of the 270kN
load?
iv. Deduce the maximum and minimum values of stress developed within the column with the load at
this eccentricity.
v. Sketch a "stress indicator diagram" showing the progression of stress value across the section.
Aid to
answering and
assessment
Columns:
axially loaded;
eccentrically
loaded
effective
length;
maximum
stress; short
columns; long
columns
Y
Y
X
225mm 225mm
e 270kN
X
15
0m
m
15
0m
m
20
P5 continued
b) An isolated brick column is to support a single beam load, as shown in the diagram, with its centre of
bearing at an eccentricity of 50 mm on the major axis
i. Calculate the "design loading" on the column using:
Design Loading = 1.4 x Dead Load + 1.6 x Live Load
ii. What is the value of the direct stress generated in the column by the action of the design load?
iii. Calculate the value of the bending stress developed in the column by the moment associated with the
design load.
iv. Deduce the consequent maximum and minimum values of stress developed within the column.
v. Suppose that an inaccuracy in construction results in the centre of bearing of the beam load having a 20
mm eccentricity on the minor axis as well, directed towards D and C (that is a 'double eccentricity').
How would the stress at points A, B, C and D be affected?
vi. How would the design change if the column was made of steel and considered to be a long column.
Y
Y
X
225mm 225mm
X
15
0m
m
15
0m
m
50mm
A B
D C
Beam Reaction:
100 kN Dead load
50kN Live load
21
MERIT OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed.
To achieve a MERIT grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria, the
learner is able to meet the
following criteria:
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative assessment
and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there will be no
resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when carrying out merit grade
work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous with the higher grade attempted.
Assessor to Indicate,
sign & date when
criteria achieved
M2. explain how the
effective length of a
column is determined
under different restraint
conditions
a) A steel section is being used as a column and is 3.0m in length. It is embedded for an extra 1.0m length
in the concrete foundations. Calculate the effective length under the following different first floor beam
connection configurations. Justify any assumptions:
i. First floor beam resting on top of the column
ii. First floor beam welded to the column and to welded on flange and web cleats.
iii. First floor beam connected with lower flange cleats only (bolted)
b) Recalculate the effective lengths if the bottom of the column is welded to a base plate and the base plate is
bolted with two bolts to the concrete foundation:
i. First floor beam resting on top of the column
ii. First floor beam welded to the column and to welded on flange and web cleats.
iii. First floor beam connected with lower flange cleats only (bolted)
iv. Sketch a better lower end arrangement which would make any restraint assumption more valid.
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 15th January 2015
22
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 6----------------------Design simple beams & columns
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P6
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
23
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 6- Design simple beams and columns To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:-
18/12/2014 (Short Columns ---P6)
Assessor to
Indicate, sign
& date when
criteria
achieved
P6. produce
suitable section
sizes for axially
loaded columns
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering and
assessment
a) Calculate the permissible axial load for a timber post of SC2 class timber with an effective
length of 3.45m and a nominal cross sectional size of 150mm x 150mm.
Ref to appendix A: Table 12.1 (adapted from BS 5268)
b) A steel stanchion of grade 43 steel 4.75m in length and of UC in cross section is
required to support a factored axial load of 2500 kN. The column is rigidly bolted at the
bottom to the foundations and bolted to a lightweight beam at the top. Design a suitable
section that could be used.
Ref to appendix A: Table 12.2,12.3 and 12.4 (adapted from BS 5985)
c) A 250mm square reinforced concrete column with an effective length of 3m contains four
25mm diameter steel longitudinal bars. Calculate the safe axial load for the column if the
permissible stress for concrete in direct compression is 5.3n/mm2 and the permissible
stress for the steel is 125n/mm2 . Base your design on permissible stress design.
d) Compare the above design to limit state design given in BS8110 -part 3 which contains
design charts.
Columns: axial
load capacity (for
steel, reinforced
concrete, timber);
limit state design;
British Standards
24
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 7------------------Design simple beams & columns II
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P7
M3
D2
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
25
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 7- Design simple beams and columns II To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:- 08/01/2014 (Beam designs ---P7) Assessor to
Indicate, sign &
date when criteria
achieved
P7. produce
suitable section sizes
for simply supported
beams subject to
combined loading
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering
and assessment
a ) Check the stresses and the deflection in the lower roof beam and ridge beam for the
conversion sketched below.
Use the following parameters:
Snow Load = 0.75KN/m2
Dead load = 0.7 kN/m2
Allow for a live point load (maintenance access) at the centre of the span of 1.5kN
Lower roof beam = 300mm x 75mm structural grade (C27) timber section
Ridge beam = 300 x 100 mm structural grade (C27) timber section
Permissible stress:
Modification Factor for snow load = 1.25
Grade Bending Stress for timber beams used (C27) = 10.0 N/mm2
Maximum Permissible Deflection = 0.003 of the span
Formulae:
Mmax =
Mmax =
Deflection =
x
Z =
, I =
Beams: safe
loading (for steel,
reinforced
concrete, timber);
shear; bending;
limit state design;
British Standards
26
P7 continued
b ) What size RSJ could be used for the lower roof beam instead of the timber section
designed above . Justify your answer with full design calculations.
c ) Calculate the steel mesh reinforcement required in the suspended floor slab for the
residential building sketched below. Make justified assumptions as necessary.
You may assume the following:
depth of slab is 150mm
concrete cover is 20mm
15 mm finishing screed on the slab
Ref to Appendix
B for design
tables
27
MERIT OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed until all PASS criteria have been completed.
To achieve a MERIT grade the
evidence must show that, in
addition to the pass criteria, the
learner is able to meet the following
criteria:
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there
will be no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when
carrying out merit grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous
with the higher grade attempted.
Assessor to Indicate, sign
& date when criteria
achieved
M3. compare alternative
methods of designing
structural members in
terms of British
Standards.
With respect to the design work completed in assignment 7, research and then compare alternative
methods of designing the structural members in terms of British Standards.
Guidance: List and Compare British Standards codes of design with the newer Eurocodes
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 15th
January 2015
DISTINCTION OPPORTUNITY: Will not be assessed unless all MERIT criteria have been completed.
To achieve a DISTINCTION grade
the evidence must show that, in
addition to the MERIT criteria, the
learner is able to meet the following
criteria:
Completing the tasks below will help you meet the criteria: Higher grade work is treated as summative
assessment and hence may receive oral feedback in tutorials but not once formally submitted. This means that there
will be no resubmissions available with higher grade work. Learners are expected to be largely autonomous when
carrying out merit grade work. The standard of English, grammar, sentence structure etc is expected to be synonymous
with the higher grade attempted.
Assessor to Indicate, sign
& date when criteria
achieved
D2. evaluate alternative
design methods in terms
of their application for a
given design brief
With respect to the work completed for assignment 7 and the research carried out for assignment M3
evaluate the various design methods available for structural elements and discuss their applications to
the design briefs for a project.
Guidance: You need to compare the older elastic method of analysis with the newer probability based
limit state designs. Compare calculation based design with tabular and chart methods.
LATEST SUBMISSION DATE FOR HIGHER GRADE WORK IS NOON ON 15th
January 2015
28
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 8------------------Design mass retaining walls
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P8
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
29
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 8- Design mass retaining walls
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:- 15/01/2015 (Mass retaining wall ---P8) Assessor to Indicate,
sign & date when
criteria achieved
P8. produce a
suitable section for
a mass retaining
wall that is safe in
overturning,
sliding and
settlement
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required:
THIS WILL BE AN IN CLASS TEST (Load values and configuration may change)
The diagram shows a section through a concrete retaining wall:
i Find the weight per metre run of wall.
ii Find the position of the centroid of the section.
iii Find the thrust exerted on the wall by the retained soil and the location of the centre of pressure.
iv What is the factor of safety against sliding?
v What is the factor of safety against overturning?
vi Find the pressures under the wall at the toe A and heel B.
Mass retaining walls:
forces (soils, level
surcharge, liquid);
self-weight; stability;
factors of safety eg
sliding, overturning,
ground bearing
capacity, middle third
rule
Design Data:
The concrete used in the wall weighs 24 kN/m3
The wall retains soil on its vertical face weighing
15 kN/m3
The depth of the retained soil is 3.300 m
The angle of repose of the soil is 30°
The coefficient of friction at the base of the wall
is 0.7
1.8
m
1.5
m
Retained Soil
A B
1.0 m 1.2 m
30
Learner Name Learner Registration No. Assessor Name
Angelo Filomeno
Qualification and Programme Number Unit Number and Title
BTEC Level 3
Diploma in Construction & The Built
Environment/Civil Engineering
JW986 JW987 JW988
Unit 14 Structural Mechanics
21099C
Assignment No & Title
ASSIGNMENT 9----------------------------Use of software in analysis
Deadlines: If you do not meet the deadlines for handing in your assignments you may not have your work marked. This could result in you failing
the course unless there are exceptional circumstances which must be explained to your tutor and agreed by the Curriculum Manager. Your work
should be returned to you marked within 10 working days
Criteria
Ref. No.
Date
Issued
Date
Submitted Resubmission Date(s) (if necessary) / Feedback
Met?
Y/N
Assessor
Sig./Date
P9
All decisions or grades are subject to internal and/ or external verification and may be modified.
If you feel that an assessment decision is unjustified, you are entitled to appeal. Please refer to your course handbook or speak to your
teacher or tutor for details as to how to do this.
Assessor’s General Comments/Feedback/ Action Plan:
Learner Comments: (Ensure you read the assessment criteria and teacher’s comments)
Learner’s Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature:
Date:
Assessor signature Date
31
Unit 14: Structural Mechanics in Construction Assig. 9- Use of Software in analysis
To achieve a grade the
evidence must show that the
learner is able to meet the
following Criteria:
To be completed, ready for
submission by:- 27/11/2014 -- (Software printouts --P9) Assessor to Indicate,
sign & date when
criteria achieved
P9. explain the
benefits of using
computer software
in structural
analysis and
design.
Tasks which will help you produce the evidence required: Aid to answering and assessment
Discuss the benefits of using computer software you have used or
researched to facilitate structural analysis and designing structural
elements. You should supply printouts/ screenshots to support your
argument.
Types: spreadsheets; design
packages eg STAAD.pro
Advantages: automated loading of
structures; integration of CAD
drawings; inter-operability; section
choices
Recommended reading:
Structures for Architects, Gauld, Bryan J. B., Pearson, 1995, ISBN-13:978-0-582-23658-5
Structural Mechanics, Durka et al, Longman, 1989, ISBN-0-582-01851-X
Structural Elements Design Manual, Draycott, Trevor, Newnes, 1990, ISBN-0-7506-03135
Extracts from British Standards for students of Structural Design, BSI
Relevant BS and Eurocodes
32
Appendix A:
33
34
35
Appendix B
36
37
38
39
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