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Business Process & Information

Systems

ATI

Antonius Rachmat C

Business Process

• Organization creates & deliver value in the

form of a product or service, which they offer

to customers or organizations

– Tangible: product physics– Tangible: product physics

– Intangible : service, such as education, health,

information, financial services

• Business Process: sequence of activities that

produce some output / outcome

Notify Traveler

Receive Ticket Order

Reserve Seats

Plan Trip

Check Flights

Seats

Available

Use Use

Credit

Card?Seats

Available?

Frequent

Flyer Mileage

Sufficient?

NO

YES

NO

NO

Traveler Airline Web Site

NO

Charge Credit Card

Confirm Flight(s)

Issue e-Ticket

Submit Ticket Order

Receive e-Ticket

Card?Card?

Charge

OK?

Available?

Notify Traveler

Sufficient?

Subtract Mileage

YES

NO

YES

YESYES

Fu

nctio

na

l org

an

izatio

na

l

ing

use

counting

ources

ons

rketing

chnology

velopment

Purchasi

Warehou

Finance & Acc

Human Reso

Operatio

Sales & Mar

Information Tec

Research & Dev

Functions vs. processes

Procurement: pembelianFulfillment / Sales: penjualan

Job description

• Purchasing– Identity vendor

– Select vendor

– Create and send purchase orders to vendor

– Evaluate vendor performance– Evaluate vendor performance

• Warehouse– Receive goods from supplier

– Quality inspection

– Prepare goods to be returned to supplier

– Shipment

– Receive goods returned from customer

Job description

• Supply chain– Manage distribution strategy

– Inventory management

• Marketing n Sales:– Identify customer– Identify customer

– Manage relationship with customer

– Promote product / serivces

– Receive customer order

• R & D– Conduct research

– Develop product and process

Job description

• Financial

– Manage cash flow

– Process incoming/outcoming payments

– Prepare financial statements– Prepare financial statements

• Human Resources

– Recruit, train, hire, evaluate employee

– Appraise employee

– Manage compensation

– Manage code of conduct

Three fundamental processes

• Procurement -> require basic material to

produce goods / services

• Production -> manufacturing / generating

goods / servicesgoods / services

• Fulfillment / Sales -> delivers the goods /

services to it’s customer / resellers

• Basic Steps:

Input Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Output

Process Steps

Framework: Key process flows

Information Flow

EnterpriseInformation

System

Data & Document Flow

Physical Flow

System

Financial impact

• Key financial statements:

– Balance sheet = Neraca Saldo

• Harta, utang, dan modal

– Profit & Lost = Rugi Laba– Profit & Lost = Rugi Laba

• Pendapatan dan biaya

– Statement of cash flows = Alur Kas

• Harta lancar (kas)

• Ingat akuntansi:

– Harta, utang, modal, pendapatan, biaya!

Yesterday: Paper-based process

Accounting

ReceivePayment

SendInvoice

Warehouse

SendShipment

PrepareShipment

Sales

Receive Customer

Create/Update

Paperwork

PaymentInvoice

Create/Update

Paperwork

ShipmentShipment

Create/Update

Paperwork

Customer Order

Send Paperwork Send Paperwork

Delay! Delay! Delay! Delay! Delay!

Procurement Process

OutlineAgreement

Demand

PurchaseRequisition

VendorSchedulingAgreement

Purchase OrderGoods Receipt

& Inventory Mgmt.

Payment /AccountsPayable

InvoiceVerification

Document flow on Procurement

• Purchase Requisition (permintaan pembelian)

• Purchase Order (perintah pembelian)

• Packing List

• Goods Receipt Document (surat penerimaan

15

• Goods Receipt Document (surat penerimaan

barang)

• Vendor Invoice

• Vendor Payment

Skenario

• Pembeli: SuperSkateboard (Customer)

• Penjual: BlackWidow Skateboard (Supplier)

Purchase Requisition

17

Purchase Order

18

Packing List

19

A Goods Receipt Document

20

A Vendor Invoice

21

Sales Order / Fulfillment

— Trading Goods

Customer Order Picking PackingCustomer Order Picking

Goods Issue & ShipmentBillingReceive payment /Accounts Receivable

Packing

Sales Order Finished Goods (1)

Availability

Customer Order

CheckGoods Issue

BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment

Sales Order Finished Goods (2)

Customer Order

Availability Check- Insufficient -

IndependentCustomer Order

IndependentDemand

MRP Run

ProductionScheduling

Purchasing

DependentDemand

Process Flow (3)

Goods Issueto Shop Floor

GoodsReceiptProduction

Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable

Document flow in Sales Order

• Customer inquiry -> information request about availability and prices of product

• Quotation (penawaran dari vendor)

• Customer purchase order (pesanan dari customer)

26

customer)

• Sales order (perintah penjualan)

• Picking document (pemilihan)

• Packing list

• Customer Invoice (tagihan)

Customer Inquiry

Quotation

28

Customer Purchase Order

29

Sales Order

30

Picking Document

31

Packing List

32

Customer Invoice

33

Financial Impact of the Fulfillment Process

Financial (Accounting) changed!

34

Production Process

Schedule/Release

Goods Issue Shop Floor

Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement

Bill of Material (BOM)

• Identifies components needed to make one unit

of finished product

– Result of the product design process which leads to an

engineering drawing

36

engineering drawing

• Multiple levels of BOM

– A component may have its own components

– Example: components of the standard truck assembly

• Which components could be manufactured from

raw material?

Engineering Drawing of the Standard

Skateboard

Bill of Material

SSB Plant Layout

Planned Order

Production Order – Completed State

Material Withdrawal Slip

42

Goods Receipt Document

43

Integrated Process

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• E-Business and E-Commerce