atoms. matter elements atoms atoms are the building blocks of matter!

Atoms

Matter

Elements

Atoms

Atoms are the building blocks of matter!Atoms are the building blocks of matter!

Atom• the smallest particle into which an element

can be divided and still maintain the properties of that element.

• Atom means “cannot be divided”

Song

http://www.songsforteaching.com/sciencesongs.htm

VideoVideo

The Atoms Family

Atoms are made of subatomic Atoms are made of subatomic particlesparticles

• Inside Nucleus

– Proton- positively charged particle

– Neutron- neutral (no charge) particle

• In Electron Cloud

– Electron- negatively charged particle

Sub-atomic Part

Weight Charge Where Found

Yes No Positive Negative Neutral Inside

Nucleus Outside

Nucleus

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Subatomic Parts ChartSubatomic Parts Chart

J.J. Thompson

Discovered positively and negatively charged particles inside the sphere that neutralized each other

Ernest RutherfordSuggested that atoms have a nucleus

Niels BohrCalculated energy levels and found electrons moved in waves, which then created the electron cloud model

ATOMS• Teeny, tiny, itsy, bitsy, small, small small

• Invisible to the naked eye

• Observed only by an electron microscope

• Millions of them will fit on the point of a needle.

Review Video

Song Atom’s Family

Welcome to Matterville!

CELL• Cells are found in LIVING things only

• Cells are much, much, much larger then atoms

Non LivingNon LivingLivingLiving

PlantsPlantsPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisNo locomotionNo locomotion

AnimalsAnimalsCan MoveCan Move

Can’t make own foodCan’t make own food

CellsCells AtomsAtoms

Helium

2

4.003

ElementElement

# of Protons# of Protons

SymbolSymbol

ProtonsProtons+ Neutrons+ NeutronsAtomic MassAtomic Mass

Atomic #Atomic #

Symbol• Each element has a symbol

• Symbols are like shorthand for chemists.

• Many have Latin Roots (Lead –Pb)

• Some are single upper case letters– example: C is for carbon

• Some have an upper case and a lower case letter– Example- Ni is for nickle

QUICK REVIEW…

• Atomic # is the number of PROTONS in an atom. (and Electrons if the atom is neutral)

Atomic # = PROTONS (+) or Electrons

• Atomic Mass is the sum of PROTONS and NEUTRONS in the nucleus of the atom.

Atomic Mass = P + N

Review…Use the diagram to answer the questions.

• What is the atomic # of this atom?

• What is the atomic mass of this atom?

• What is the name of this Element?

Proton / Neutron / Electron

Review…Use the diagram to answer the questions.• What is the atomic # of

this atom? – 6 (count the protons)

• What is the atomic mass of this atom? – 12 (add protons + neutrons

in nucleus)

• What is the name of this Element? – Carbon (use the atomic

number to find on P.Table)

Proton / Neutron / Electron

READ GATEWAY TEXTBOOK

The Structure and Parts of an Atom pg. 16-19

Pop QuizStates of Matter

Finding the # of each particle in an atom

Page 12 & 20 in Gateway

Complete & Turn In Worksheet

“The Atoms Family Atomic Math Challenge”

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Radioactive Decay:

Atoms become unstable, and release particles to stabilize. The by-product is radioactive decay.

It’s deadly, and it (almost) never goes away.

Half Life• Definition: amount of time it takes for half a

sample of radioactive material to decay– Problem: Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years. If

you start with 20 g, how much tritium would be left after 50 years?

• Know: Half-life: 12.5 years; initial amount 20 g• Need to find: How many half lives in 50 yrs.; how

much tritium would be left• Half life: 50 yrs / 12.5 yrs = 4 half lives• Material left:

1. 20 g / 2 = 10 g2. 10 g / 2 = 5 g

3. 5 / 2 = 2.5 g4. 2.5 g / 2 = 1.25 g

Element

• Definition: Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

• A substance that contains only one kind of atom.

• There is a whole table of them (Periodic Table of elements)

Molecules vs. Compounds

• Molecule: Particle made of two or more of the same kind of atoms

• Compound: Substance made of two or more elements

MoleculeMoleculeCompoundCompound

Mixtures• When two or more substances come

together but DO NOT combine to make a new substance.

• There are two types:–Heterogeneous mixture: has large parts

that are different and can be easily separated from each other

–Homogeneous mixture: the same throughout; can’t be separated easily, parts cannot be easily identified.

Practice with Molecules & Compounds

Practice wksheet

Chemical Bond & BondingChemical Bond & Bonding

• When atoms are attached together to make molecules and compounds

• Bonding is the process of atoms combining to form new substances

Video

!Valence Electrons!

• The number of outer or “valence” electrons in an atom effects the way an atom bonds.

• Valence is a Latin word that means “strength”

• Valence electrons determine the chemical strength of an atom for bonding with other atoms.

• This is why elements within a group/family usually have similar properties.

Valence Electrons

To determine how many valence electrons an atom has you must be able to draw the atom or use the periodic table as a reference.

Group or Family # is an easy “trick” to valence electrons for groups 1&2, 13-18

(groups 3-12 don’t follow this rule- these you must draw out )

Valence electronGroup/Family# “trick”

Group 1

1 Ve-

Group 2

2 Ve-

Group 3-12

NO RULE

Group 13

3 Ve-

Group 14

4 Ve-

Group 15

5 Ve-

Group 16

6 Ve-

Group 17

7 Ve-

Group 18

8 Ve- or Full Shell

You can always draw one to check it out!

BondingBonding• Covalent Bonding: When atoms share

an electron (5 or more ve-)

• Ion: atom with an electrical charge

• Ionic Bonding: occurs when an atom gains or loses an electron (1 to 4 ve-)

5 or more Valence Electrons = they share!!

1 to 4 valence electrons = take or give away

Ionic Bonding

Group 1

1 Ve-

+1

Group 2

2 Ve-

+2

Group 3-12

NO RULE

+2

Group 13

3 Ve-

+3

Group 14

4Ve-

+/-4

Group 15

5 Ve-

-3

Group 16

6 Ve-

-2

Group 17

7 Ve-

-1

Group 18

8 Ve- or Full Shell

Now who is going to lose or gain?

Science Starter Review Notes

Science Starter PPT #96

Ion Note Sheet & Ions and their charges worksheet

Science Starter Review Notes

Review

Science Starter PPT #24

Atoms Mini-Test

Video Quiz

Extras• Interactive lessons• Periodic Table Adventure• Atoms family• Elements song• Class Notes: Property of Matter Notes (P) & Matter Scramble Puzzle & Crossword Puzzle

BrainPOP movie Worksheet - Properties of Matter • Element of the Day - (pdf) Students will take notes on the first 18 elements • Color the periodic table according to the families (pdf) • Elements Bingo Cards - Class set of 36 cards in PDF format • Elements Word Search (pdf) • Worksheet : Differentiate between an isotope, ion, new element and molecule |  • Atomic Musical Chairs (pdf) - students will become part of an atomic model. • Interactive:  • Internet Lab : Getting to know the Periodic Table.| Los Alamos Periodic table Periodic Table

Families  • Funbrain - Proton Don- Can you guess the element? • The Visual Elements Periodic Table: Wonderful graphics!!! Provides chemical data for each

element. • Element Project: Adopt an Element (PDF)- students will research and create an advertising

poster for their element. Thanks to www.sciencespot.net! • Making Molecular Models Lab : Practice Covalent & Ionic Bonding. • Bond with a Classmate Activity: Learn how to make and name binary compounds. (PDF) • Radioactive Decay and Half Life Lab - Students will simulate and graph radioactive decay.