attributive clause. mary is a girl. she is beautiful. mary is a beautiful girl. she likes wearing...

Attributive Clause定语从

句

Mary is a girl.Mary is a girl.

She is beautiful. She is beautiful.

Mary is a beautiful girl.

She likes wearing pink clothes.She likes wearing pink clothes.

定语从句 (一 )

定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从 句叫做定语从句。

位置：定语从句通常放在所修饰的名词或代词( 先行词 ) 后面。

引导词：引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 等和关系副词 where, when, why 。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分 .

关系代词

指代 充当成分

例 句

that

指物 主 / 宾 A plane is a machine that can fly. ( 作主语 )

指人 主 / 宾 The girl (that) we saw yesterday is his sister. ( 作宾语 )

which 指物 主 / 宾 They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. ( 作主语 )

who 指人 主语 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.

whom 指人 宾语 The professor (whom) we will meet at the station will give us a speech.

whose

指人定语

Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.

指物 He lives in a flat whose bedrooms face south.

关系代词的用法

which/ that

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.

1.I have a friend _________ likes listening to classical music.

2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.

who/that

3.The man _______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

whose

which/that

4.My parents live in a house __________ is more than 100 years old.

5.The boy with __________ John spoke is my brother.

whom

Practice

Complete the following sentences with who, whom or which.

1. A young man, __________ I did not know, asked me to give you the message.

2. The temple, _______ was built on the bank of the lake in 1456, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.

3. The man in the black coat, _______ used to be our headmaster, has just come back from Pakistan.

4. The Hope Project, _______ started many years ago, has helped a large number of children in poor areas go to school.

who/whom

which

who

which

Combine the following pairs of sentences, using who, whom, that, which or whose.

1.The people were in danger. The soldiers have saved them.

The soldiers have saved the people who/that were in danger.

2.The bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.

The bus goes to the airport which/that runs every half hour.

3.The woman is a scientist. You met her in my office yesterday.

The woman (whom/that) you met in my office yesterday is a scientist.

The two thing of which they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

The two thing which they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

“ 介词 + 关系代词”in/with/on/by+ which/whom

1, 单个介词 + 关系代词 (whom, which)

介词确定依据a 依从句中的动词 , 形容词 , 名词与介词的固定搭配而定b 依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定

1. The little creature ___________ scientists are interested is known as ET.

2. The gun ____________ he was shot was never found.

in which

by which

Prep. + which

3.This is the girl _________ he works.3.This is the girl _________ he works.

4.I’ll never forget the day _________ I 4.I’ll never forget the day _________ I joined the party.joined the party.

with whomwith whom

on whichon which

5.He has written a book _________ I’ve forgetten the name.

of whichof which

It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away.

It was felt in Beijing It was felt in Beijing thathatt is more than two hun is more than two hundred kilometres away.dred kilometres away.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句在修饰某个先行词时，既可以作为限制性定语从句，也可以作为非限制性定语从句，但意思上有区别。如：1. His brother who lives abroad writes to him regularly. 2. His brother, who lives abroad, writes to him regularly.

关系副词

指代 例 句例 句when 时间 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

=I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

where 地点 This is the house where we lived last year. =This is the house in which we lived last year.

why 原因 There are several reasons why we can’t do that. =There are several reasons for which we can’t do that.

关系副词 :

Practice

Complete the following sentences using which, why, where or when.

1. Hangzhou is a place ________ I went last summer.

2. He read the book ________ his sister had told him about.

3. The reason ________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.

4. I remember the day _________ my father died.

5. Please give me the reason _______ you were late this time.

6. I will go back to the place ________ I grew up and live there forever.

where

which

why

when

why

where

只用 that ，不用 which 的情况：a. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；b. 当先行词前有 the only, the very, the last 等词修

饰时；c. 当先行词为 anything, nothing, something, eve

rything, all, little, much 等不定代词修饰时；d. 当先行词前有 all, every, no, some, any, little,

much, few 等词修饰时；

只用只用 whichwhich ，不用，不用 thatthat 的情况：的情况：a. 引导非限制性定语 从句时；b. 引导词前有介词时；c. 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用 that 引

导，另一个用 which 引导；e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.

当 those 作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who 引导；

The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

1. Many of the sports are the same 1. Many of the sports are the same as they as they were when they startedwere when they started..

as 从句的先行词是 the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。

2. Mrs. Black took the police back to the sa2. Mrs. Black took the police back to the same place me place as she witnessed the robberyas she witnessed the robbery..

1,The house,____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.

A the roof of which B which roof

C the roof of whose D that roof

2, I decided to write about Chaplin, one of ___ films I had seen several years before.

A whose B whom C that D which

3,There are two small rooms in the house,__ serves as a kitchen.A the smaller of which B the small of which C the smaller of them D the smaller one

4, He fell from his horse, as a result of ___ he could not go to work.

A that B which C whose D whom

5,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___ are sold abroad.

A of which B which of

C of them D of that

6,American women usually identify their best friend as someone ___ they can talk frequently.

A who B as C about which D with whom

7, The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____ the sailing time was 226 days.

A of which B during which

C from which D for which

8, I work in a business____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A how B which C where D that

9, Luckily, we’d brought a road map without __ we would have lost our way.

A it B that C this D which

10, A fast food restaurant is the place, ___ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.

A which B where C there D what

11, Anyway, that evening, ___ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

A when B where C what D which

12, What surprised me was not what he said but __ he said it.

A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which

13,I can think of many cases___ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A why B which C as D where

14, I’ll show you a store ___ you may buy all ___ you need.

A in which; that B where; which

C which; that D that ;that

15, Many people who had seen the film were afraid of to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ____ people were eaten by the tiger.

A that B by which C which D in which

16,There are two buildings,___ stands nearly a hundred feet high.

A the larger B the larger of them

C the larger one D the larger of which

17,The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which