automation in construction
Post on 07-Jul-2015
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BY : Sarthak Munshi
1163
O Labor efficiency is alarmingly low
O Skilled workforce is vanishing
O Work quality is low
O Control of the construction site is difficult
O Accident rate at construction sites is high
O Waste and trims are high (3 To 7 tons per average home; 40% of all materials
used worldwide are for construction)
O Low income housing and emergency shelters are critical
O Construction is the largest sector of almost all economies
O All other products are fabricated automatically – construction is
still largely a manual task
Labor productivity comparison for non-farm industries and construction industry
Construction Productivity index
Non-farm productivity index
Engineering Automation
DesignAutomation
ConstructionAutomation
SurveyAutomation
4
Engineering Automation
SurveyAutomation
DesignAutomation
ConstructionAutomation
5
Engineering Automation
SurveyAutomation
DesignAutomation
ConstructionAutomation
Inspection
SiteMonitoring
MachineAutomation
MaterialCertification
Surveying
Positioning
O Inspection Tools
O Enhanced use of GPS
O Material Delivery and Certification
O Remote Construction Site Monitoring
O Connected Site
O Machine Automation
O Post Construction Surveys
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Engineering Automation
DesignAutomation
ConstructionAutomation
SurveyAutomation
Inspection
SiteMonitoring
MachineAutomation
MaterialCertification
Surveying
Positioning
Machine ControlandGuidance Systems
A Machine Guidance system will be considered to
be one that uses automation to provide the
equipment operator a visual indicator of the position
of the cutting edge (blade, bucket, screed, etc)
relative to the design surface being constructed.
Some advantages of guidance machines at the
construction site:
O No stakes required
O No grade checker required
O Records data for quality control
O Records data for volume computation
O Data could be transmitted to engineer, inspector, or
surveyor for “real time” checks
Types of Guidance Systems
O Stakes
O String Lines
O Sonic Sensors
O Lasers
O GPS
O Total Stations
O GPS w/Lasers
O GPS provides near exact position of
vehicle in “real time”
O Cab mounted display indicates
position of machine relative to design
anywhere on the surface
O Equipment operator controls
cutting edge
Guidance By GPS
Laser augmented GPS systems delivers a few millimeters of vertical accuracy using conventional lasers capable of working on an inclined plane
Total SystemsO Started in the early
1990’s with robotic motorized total
stations that could track a prism mounted on a machine
Could position the prism to high accuracy -equivalent to string lines and lasers
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O Information from the prism position could be
sent to the machine, which would adjust the
hydraulics accordingly.
A Machine Control system will be one where the
cutting edge of the equipment is fully controlled by
automation.
The system is connected to and controls the
hydraulics while the operator simply drives the
equipment and manages the automation.
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Bulk Excavating – Scrapers
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Bulk Excavating – Dozers
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Concrete Paving
19
Trimming
20
Excavating – Shaping &
Compacting
Underwater – Riprap Placement
22
Grading
Trench Excavation
Milling
25
Asphalt Paving
26
Barrier Laying
27
Curbs and Sidewalks
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