b1 vinluan program logic model

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Lorelei R. Vinluan (lcrv@up.edu.ph)College of EducationUniversity of the Philippines Diliman

ICEME 2012 Traders Hotel, Manila 9-11 August 2012

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Lack of money to supporteducation

Poor academicachievement

High rate of absenteeism Low self-esteem Poor relationships with

others

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A complex matter! Research hadbeen helpful but also confusing(Arroyo et al., 1999).

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Problem is best addressed by taking intoconsideration the different factors that influenceit (e.g., Engin-Demir, 2009; Lee & Shute, 2010; Milne & Plourde, 2006; Nannyonjo,

2007). Systems approach – a view wherein a studied

phenomenon is affected by its context and thedifferent system components influence eachother (Dowling, 1994).

Allows change of perspective from an individualto an interactional view

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STUDENT 

Daily snacks and/orlunch

School supplies andmaterials

Tutorial sessions

Reading interventions

Counseling sessions

Guidance activities

PARENT 

Orientation

Parenting seminars

TEACHER

Teacher mentoring

Small financial incentive

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An evaluation tool basedon program theory thatdepicts the associationsamong inputs, activities,

outputs, and outcomesof a program To better understand the

relationships amongprogram inputs and

outcomes To articulate a theory of 

change (how a programaims to produce changes)(Yampolskaya et al., 2004)

Program theory ‘‘the mechanisms that

mediate between thedelivery (and receipt) of 

the program and theemergence of theoutcomes of interest’’(Weiss, 1998)

“underlying assumptionsabout how programs are

expected to work… andthen using this theory toguide the evaluation”(Rogers et al., 2000)

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Ask what it is about the program that causesthe outcomes.

Such evaluations can be particularly helpful indistinguishing between theory failure andimplementation failure.

Used for summative and formativeevaluations.

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Input

Human, financial and otherinputs required to supportprogram

Activities

Actions necessary to deliveroutputs

Outputs

Products, goods and servicesprovided to the program’sdirect customers

Source: Medeiros et al., 2005

Outcomes

Changes or benefits resultingfrom activities and outputs

May be short-term, medium-term, and long-term

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To understand what must be done to achieve thedesired outcome

To assess probability of success To identify critical factors and stakeholders that

could impact the outcome To show what intermediate results are critical to

achieving ultimate goals or outcomes To analyze alternatives strategies for achieving

desired results To clarify sequence of processes that allows fuller

understanding of agency performanceMillar et al., 2001

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A logic model leads to an action plan(cognitive exercise → pragmatic application).

Considerations

1. What existing programs are critical to achievingthe target?

2. What modifications need to be made to existing

programs? How long will it take?3. What new interventions are critical to meet the

target?

4. Who will be responsible? How long will it take?

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Balara Elementary & High School, Quezon City

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BENEFICIARIES

2 intact classes

Grade 4 class 2ndYear High School

class

Class teachers

OTHER ACTORS

Principals

Parents of pupils Professors at College of 

Education, University

of the Philippines

Diliman Tutors (preservice

teachers)

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1. Poor academic achievement2. High rate of absenteeism

3. Low self-esteem4. Poor relationships with others5. Lack of money for snacks / lunch6. Peer pressure7. Others

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Primary

a) Increase academic achievement

b) Reduce absenteeismc) Provide daily snacks and/or lunch

Secondary

a) Enhance self-esteemb) Improve pupil-parent and other relationships

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Academic achievement motivation, classroom environment, parental

involvement, self-efficacy, etc.

School attendance punitive attendance policy, school anxiety, parental

influence, etc. Self-esteem

appearance appraisal, school performance, socio-economic status, etc.

Social skills poor self-esteem, unrealistic expectations, etc.

Note: Based on limited review of literature.

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1. To increase academic achievement

Conduct tutorial sessions.

Conduct reading remediation. Hold seminar on enhancing study skills.

Train teachers on classroom strategies.

Provide school supplies and materials.2. To reduce absenteeism

Provide snacks and/or lunch.

Note: Sample listing only for illustration purposes.

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3. To enhance self-esteem

Conduct counseling sessions.

Conduct a personality development seminar.4. To improve pupil-parent and other

relationships

Hold a parenting seminar.

Conduct a lecture on relating with peers.

Note: Sample listing only for illustration purposes.

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1. Conduct tutorialsessions.

Tulong Dunong programof Ateneo de Manila

CWTS program of U.P.Diliman

Scholar Kids program of Zonta Club

2. Conduct readingremediation. Araw ng Pagbasa program

of Rotary Club

3. Provide snacks and/orlunch.

Healthy and Bibo Kidsfeeding program of Quezon City Government

4. Other activities Not being done

Note: Sample listing only for illustration purposes.

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Activities are diverse and differ in focus,duration, and scope.

Other needs not met at all. This gap analysis provides entry points for

engagement by the project.

Of course, given limitation on budget and time.

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Note: Logic model too big and thus shown in parts.

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Note: Logic model too big and thus shown in parts.

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On academic achievement 83.6% of 2nd year HS students and 98.0% of Grade 4

students had positive increase

Gain ranges from .2% to 4.8% On absenteeism

88.1% attended classes regularly On self-esteem

Before project: poor self-esteem

After project: pupils reported improvements in termsof how they see themselves and in how they relatewith others

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On wellness Students reported positive changes in their attitude

toward their personal wellness On teacher training

Teachers reported personal (and professional)development, changes in teaching attitudes, and greaterunderstanding of the holistic approach to their students’education and how they can contribute towards that end

On parental involvement Parents reported that the project was a big help because:

▪ Children were provided with school supplies and snacks/lunch▪ Children study their lessons on a daily basis▪ Children have a confidante in the teachers and tutors who conduct

the counseling sessions.

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Detailed analysis, which shows what activitycontributed how much to what outcome, is

found in the project terminal report. Conclusion

Program logic model was found to be a useful toolfor planning, implementation, and evaluation of a

project that implements a set of relatedinterventions to achieve a set of related

outcomes.

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