bab 01 pendahuluan fo.pdf
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SISTEM KOMUNIKASI
Sistem komunikasi terdiri atas
Sumber informasi
Transmitter
Receiver Media transmisi (wired dan wireless)
Komunikasi masa mendatang adalah
komunikasi multimedia yang membutuhkanhigh bandwidth dan high bit rate
Jaringan backbone pita lebar
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KEUNGGULAN FO
Low transmission loss and wide bandwidth
Small size and weight
Immunity to interference (electromagneticinterference, EMI and electromagnetic pulse,
EMP)
Electrical isolation Signal security
Abundant raw material
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KEUNGGULAN FO
Kapasitas FO pada SONET (Mbps)
OC-1 51,84
OC-3 155,52
OC-9 466,56 OC-12 622.08
OC-18 933,12
OC-24 1244,16 OC-36 1866,24
OC-48 2488,32
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Pengembangan Jaringan Backbone
untuk Mendukung Layanan Multimedia
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Broadband pengertian
Layanan Broadband: trend perkembanganlayanan broadband di dunia dan Indonesia,
jenis dan kebutuhan bandwidth yangdbutuhkan
Pemilihan technology sebagai backbone yang
paling sesuai Pembahasan technology
Kesimpulan
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Indonesia Snapshot (E/2006) Population: 220 mio
GDP per Capita: 1,500 US$
Fixed line : 8.9 million lines
GSM: 58 million subs
CDMA: 7.9 million subs
In Indonesia market, wireless has become the dominant technology to deliverbasic telecommunication services
Fixed operator: Telkom, Indosat
GSM operator: Telkomsel, Indosat, Excelcom,Hutchison, Lippotel (GSM/UMTS)
CDMA operator: Telkom, Indosat, Mobile-8,Bakrie Telecom, Sampoerna, WIN
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Global market growth projected at 5%CAGR to 2010
8
Global Telco Revenues by Technology ($US B)
PSTN Voice
Broadband VoIP
Mobile(all spend, excl data)
Data Broadband Revenues
Data Mobile Revenues
-1.0% -6.5%
56.3% 10.0%
3.8% 2.7%
18.8% 3.4%
12.4% 7.2%
4.8% 1.2%
CAGR
(05-10)
CAGR
(10-15)
Notes: Data mobile revenues exclude rental and include all non voice revenues (data, messaging etc)Source: Ovum 2006, A.T. Kearney Analysis
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11
Indonesia, US$5.07,
ranks 47th
Source : ITU Internet Reports 2005
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What is Broadband
Broadband =high-speed Internet, because it usually has a highrate of data transmission contrary to dial up access viamodem
ITU-T recommendation I.113 : broadband as a transmissioncapacity that is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2
Mbit/s. The FCC : broadband is 200 kbit/s (0.2 Mbit/s) in one
direction, and advanced broadband is at least 200 kbit/s inboth directions.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) : as 256 kbit/s in at least one directionand this bit rate is the most common baseline that ismarketed as "broadband" around the world.
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Why Broadband?
Increase demand of information shares :
High speed data
High resolution images
Video
Service Convergence
Internet and voice in a row
Interactice TV
Triple play
IP dominance
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14
Global Market Trend
Business Trend
Full Competition
Disruptive Technology
Increasing Customer Churn to Competitors
35% Reduced ARPU 30% annual
Global drop in rates by 50 %.
Reduced Profits 50% reduction on existing
services
Reduced Revenues by 25%
Reduced Customer Loyalty
Price driven competition
Source : NGN Project
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15
Why POTS is In Decline - ASIA PACIFIC Region
ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
The residential telephony market is likely to
face a decline in revenues due to increased
adoption of fixed-to-mobile substitution
(FMS) and IP telephony. Mobile
communications is an imminent threat to
residential telephony in Asia Pacific but the
impact will vary from market to market. Inmarkets with high mobile and broadband
penetrations such as Japan, South Korea,
and Hong Kong, FMS is expected to have
more impact on average revenue per user
(ARPU) instead of subscriber base. In
markets with low broadband penetrations,
end users seem to opt for mobile phones for
voice communications, potentially forgoing
the need for fixed-line voice communication
altogether.
(Frost & Sullivan Research Paper entitled
Asia Pacific Residential Telephony Markets
30 June 2006)
KOREA (KOREA TELECOM)
The fixed-line telephone service showed an overall sales
decrease due to subscriber loss and a decline in traffic
The land to mobile interconnection service recorded a sales
decline of 10.1% to KRW 1.871 billion, attributable primarily
to a 2.2% land to mobile interconnection fee reduction
(Korea Telecom 2004 Annual Report )
MALAYSIA (TELEKOM MALAYSIA)
Fixed line services comprise business telephony (which also
includes ISDN, payphone,
Interconnect, international inpayment), residential telephonyand data services. This segment recorded 7.4% decrease in
revenue from RM6,985.0 million recorded in 2004 to
RM6,466.8 million in 2005 resulting from continued migration
from fixed services to cellular and VoIP related services as well
as higher discounts given to combat stiff competition.
(Telekom Malaysia 2005 Annual Report)
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Availability of Ongoing and Planning Broadband Access
TAHUN D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TOTAL
2004 - 18,784 - - 9,400 - - 28,184
2005 17,184 103,386 29,000 7,578 59,000 12,001 9,331 237,480
2006 84,564 155,685 75,890 67,867 110,880 28,001 41,010 563,897
2007 51,743 197,831 47,394 32,796 54,570 33,006 39,898 457,238
2008 119,323 441,515 88,745 86,569 109,507 64,676 104,809 1,015,144TOTAL/DIVRE 272,814 917,201 241,029 194,810 343,357 137,684 195,048 2,301,943
Existing
Targeted in 2008
Recently, ADSL broadband access
had already been delivered to the customers over 25 cities in Indonesia (dispersedover 7 Divres).
Source : telkom
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What applications?Which Multimedia application are you likely to deploy?
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Wireline vs Wireless : bandwidth
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Global Market Trend
21
New data & internet services demand are growing in
very fast rate; thus they create the development ofnew hassle free and more user friendly services.
The needs for Triple Play Services (conference, push-to-
any Media (Universal Messaging Service), Online
multiplayer games, data streaming, etc) are growing.
High bandwidth will be needed for video streaming
MARKET MATURITY IN THE WORLD
(Pyramid Research)
localvoice DLD ILD (OUTGOING)
pav TV
INITIAL GROWTH LATE GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
MATURITY LEVEL
interactive
TV
hosting &
applications
diap-up
internet
Corporate
Wireless Data
Applications
INTRODUCTION
broadband
internet datacoms
(private
circuit)
mobile
voice
mobile
internet
Currently, Cellular (mobile voice), Local dan Long Distance are
still Telcos cash cow product
The growth of those POTS products are continuously declining
but data & internet are rapidly growing to overlap the voice
traffic .
Datacom (private circuit), broadband internet and application
(content) are currently still in the initial growth; in the nearfuture they will expand very fast.
Bandwidth
Multiplayer Games
SMSC
Presence
IM & Chat PoC
Push-to-Any Media
Interactive Video
Conferencing
EmergingFuture
Video
Conferencing
MMSC
Full Duplex VoiceStreaming Text
Streaming Video
Ring Tone Downloads
Present
Music Downloads
LocationCDMA1X
1X EVDO
1X - DO
The Emerging of New Services
Product Life Cycle
Source : Internal Analysis
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New evolution Services
Source : Alcatel, 3G World Wireless Congress 2005
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23
Workshop Rencana Penyusunan Kebijakan
Broadband Wireless Dit. Jend Pos &
Telekomunikasi April 2006
. and the Roadmap to Multimedia
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Bandwidth Requirement for Full 3Play
Multimedia Services
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Technology Comparison Fixed - Wireless
Broadband technology Overview, Corninghal 15
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Technology Comparison Fixed - Wireless
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Technology Comparison Fixed - Wireless
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Technology Comparison Fixed - Wireless
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SDH and DWDM
TDM
PDH
SDH / SONET
Advantages
Framing Mapping
Network Elements
What is DWDM ?
Advantages Typical DWDM System
OMU, ODU, OUT, OA, OMON
Fiber Types
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Typical SDH/SONET network designs
2 / 8 / 34 / 140 Mbit/s
Point to point
Bus structure Ring structure
(preferred)
2 / 8 / 34 / 140 Mbit/s
STM-1
(155 Mbit/s)ATM
switch
LAN
ATM
switchSTM-1
(155 Mbit/s)
LAN
STM-N STM-NA Regenerator has the same speed on both input and output. It is
used to retime and amplify the line signal.
STM-N
A Terminal Multiplexer is used to connect lower speed PDH or
synchronous signals to a high speed communication link.
STM-NSTM-N
STM-NSTM-N-1140 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s
STM-NSTM-N-1
140 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
An Add/Drop Multiplexer is used to to add or drop lower speed
PDH or synchronous signals to a high speed communication link.
Has always at least two high speed connections.
A Digital Cross-connect can do everything the other network
elements can and has even greater flexibility.
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PDH transmission rates
139 264 kbit/s
564 992 kbit/s
34 368 kbit/s
8 448 kbit/s
2 048 kbit/s
274 176 kbit/s
6 312 kbit/s
97 728 kbit/s
397 200 kbit/s
64 kbit/s
ITU-TNorth AmericaJapan
x30x24
x4
x5 x7
x3
x4
x4
x4
x4
x4
x6
E1DS1, J1
E2
E3
E4
E5
DS2, J2
DS3
DS4
DS0, E0, J0
32 064 kbit/s 44 736 kbit/s
1 544 kbit/s
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Multiplexing Technique
Multiplexing is a method to aggregate low speed
traffic onto a high speed communication link.
Multiplexing techniques:
Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) Each analogue channel is modulated using a different carrier
frequency
Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM)
Each digital channel is given its own time slot.Examples PDH, SDH and SONET
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM or DWDM)
Each channel is given its own optical wavelength (color)
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Advantages of SDH/SONET
High transmission rates ( currently up to 40 Gb/s)
Simplified add & drop function ADMs
High availability and flexibility through protection
High reliability through rings
Improved O&M through standardization
Multi-vendor interworking through standardization
Guarantees services down to PDH
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What Can SDH Transport
SDH AU contains payload (user data) Payload capacity = 2,340 bytes (149.76 Mbps)
STM-1 transports a single 139.264 Mbps (E-4) signal
Super-rate signals (> E-4) by concatenation STM-4c, STM-16c and STM-64c
Subrate signals by use of Tributary Units (TU) TU-11 (1.728 Mbps) for DS-1
TU-12 (2.304 Mbps) for E-1
TU-2 (6.912 Mbps) for DS-2
TU-3 (49.152 Mbps) for E-3 ATM cells by row multiplexing
Packets (e.g., IP) by row multiplexing
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SDH Layering and Network Equipment
Circuit
Switch
Circuit
SwitchSDH Terminal
MultiplexerSDH Terminal
MultiplexerSDH Add/Drop
Multiplexer
Repeaters Repeaters
Regenerator Sections Regenerator Sections
Multiplex Section Multiplex Section
Path
SDH Layering:Path Layer
Multiplex Layer
Regenerator
Layer
Photonic Layer
Construction of AU-n
Construction of STM-n
Management of STM-n Transmission
Electro-Optical Conversion
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SDH Network Configurations
Point-to-point configuration
SDH Terminal
MultiplexerSDH Terminal
MultiplexerRepeaters
Linear ConfigurationSDH Terminal
Multiplexer
SDH Terminal
MultiplexerRepeaters Repeaters
SDH Add/Drop
Multiplexer
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SDH Network Configurations
Protection ring configuration Ring of SDH add/drop multiplexers
Ring implementation choices: 2-fiber or 4-fiber
Unidirectional or bidirectional
Line switched or path switched
STM rate
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SDH multiplexing structure
STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4
TUG-3
TUG-2
TU-3
TU-2
TU-12
VC-3
VC-2
VC-12
VC-11
C-4
C-3
C-2
C-12
C-11
N
1
3
AU-3 VC-3
3
1
7
3
1
Pointer processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
Higher Order VC
Lower Order VC
E4
E3
DS3
DS2
E1
DS1
STM-0
1
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Automatic Protection Switching
SDH networks are high capacity systems
STM-64 = 121,000 voice telephone calls!
Failure requires instant restoration
SDH has Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Perhaps the most critical aspect of the technology
Linear networks use duplicate fiber(s) and sometimes
duplicate equipment for protection
Ring networks use duplicate fibers and a working and protectspan for protection
50 ms restoral time
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Multiplexing principle
A B C D A B C D A
A higher order signal is created by byte interleaving the payload from the lowerorder signals. De-multiplexing is done in the opposite way.
Frame rate of higher order signals as well as lower order signals are the same: 8
000 frames per second (125 s) The STM overhead bytes are not carried forward. The multiplexer adds new
overhead bytes in both directions
STM-4
4 x STM-1
STM-1A
STM-1
B
STM-1
C
STM-1
D
Bytes
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Common SDH Element Roles
Central Office
ADM
ATM
E-1,
E-3
COTRTE-1
SDH
Ring
E-1STM-1
SDH
Ring
COT
PBX
E-1
STM-1
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
DCS
DCS
DCS
TM
TSATSA
TSA
ADM - Add/Drop Mux
COS - Central Office SwitchCOT - Central Office Terminal
DCS - Digital Cross-Connect System
PBX - Private Branch Exchange
RT - Remote Terminal
TM - Terminal Mux
TSA - Terminal Service Adapter
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SDH Applications
POP Point of Presence
LDO Long Distance Office
CO Central Office
RT Remote Terminal
ONU Optical Network
Optical Fiber
Service Providers Customers
CO
LDO
COCO
POP
RTRT
RT
10 Gb/s (now)
40 Gb/s (future)
2.5 Gb/s, 622 Mb/s10 Gb/s (future)
155 Mb/s, 622 Mb/s
2.5 Gb/s (future)
LDO
Local, Interoffice
Access
ONU
Long Distance
Feeder
Distribution
(FITL)
CO
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TDM and DWDM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
ElectricalOptical
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Optical
Optical
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Optical Networking TechnologiesDense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
1
2
..
32
1
:
2
32
High bandwidth, multi-channel,
protocol independent data transport
over single fiber pair
Supports optical data protocols
including SONET, ESCON, FICON, Fibre
Channel, GigE, D1 Video, ETR/CLO, Fast
Ethernet, ISC.
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What is Dense Wave Division
Multiplexing (DWDM) ?
Dense Wave Division Multiplexing is a technology that utilizes the properties of refracted light to both combine and
separate optical signals based on their wavelengths
within the optical spectrum. The Greek letter lambda ( ) , is often used to designate individual wavelengths.
DWDM allows for a more efficient use of existing fiber by
providing multiple optical paths along a single pair
of fibers
DWDM allows for a greater range of protocol transmission
better suited than legacy network for data centric applications.
(Eg. GigE, ESCON, Fibre Channel, D1 video, ISC)
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WDM Advantages
.
.
.Z Mb/s
2.5 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
Y Mb/s
DWDM
Size of transport pipe dictated by bit rate
Limited capacity growth potential
Growth accomplished through infrastructure upgrades
Size of transport pipe independent of bit rate
Virtually unlimited capacity growth potential
Growth accomplished within established infrastructure
Optimum solution to keep pace with business growth
Traditional Capacity Expansions
N X 100 Gb/s
OC-48/
STM-16
OC-12/
STM-4
600 Mb/s
2.5 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
OC-192/
STM-64
Time Division Multiplexing
More Fiber
600 Mb/s
Increases bandwidth (speed and distance)
Does not require replacement or upgrade their existing legacy systems
Provides "next generation" technologies to meet growing data needsLess costly in the long run because increased fiber capacity is automatically available; don't have to upgrade all the time
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WDM Systems Definitions
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
O
M
U
OA OA OA OA
O
D
U
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OA
OTU: Optical Translator Unit (Transponder)
OMU: Optical Multiplexor
OA: Optical AmplifierODU: Optical Demultiplexor
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SDH Summary
Multiple benefits
High-capacity, granular bandwidth
Powerful bandwidth management capabilities
Hierarchical pointer structure
Assured interoperability (standards-based)
Multiservice transport (protocol opaque)
APS supports millisecond fault tolerance Sophisticated OAM&P capabilities
Butis it enough bandwidth?
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Govts Role in Promoting Broadband(specifically in the term of backbone)
Creating right policy environtment by removing policy barriers
Formulating National, Regional, and Local Programmes
Broadband promotion campaign and educational backbone
Creating National Backbone infrastructure
Permitting Unlimited Competition
Encouraging International players to setup gateway in thecountry
Funding Community investment in Broadband in uneconomic
remote rural access Leveraging Govts own demand
Setting example by being online leader
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How to Build the Backbone
a) Establishing the backbone as a
commercial investment.
b) Backbone being established
through government assistance.
c) Establishment of the backbone
through roll-out conditions
Included in the license or
concession granted for operating
services in specified areas
d) Establishment of the backbone by
the government throughfinancing it, or by establishing it
itself through a government
entity > Korea
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Proyek Palapa Ring33 propinsi, 440 kota/kab, 1+7 Ring
Total SubMarine Cable
35,280 km
Total inLand Cable
21,807 kmKalimantan
Banda Aceh
Sabang
Medan
Palemban
g
Jakarta
Cirebon
Semarang
Surabaya
Ketapang
Gilimanuk
Karangasem
Mataram
Sumbawa
ReoMaumere
Larantuka
Kupang
Singkawang
oSampitBanjarmasin
Balikpapan
Samarinda
Tarakan
Palu
Batam
ManadoToli-toli
Gorontalo
Luwuk
Kendari
Ujungpandang
o
Sibolga
Meulaboh
Tapaktuan
Natal
Padang
Bengkulu
Kalianda
Belitung
o
Waingapu
Kalabahi
o
Merauke
o
oo
o
Biak
Nabire
Ambon
o
o
Saumlaki
oDoboo
Tual
o
o o
Manokwari
Salawati
Tobelo
o
Palopo
Sumatera
Jawa
Nusatenggara
Maluku
Pontianak
Atambua
Sulawesi
Papua
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Pengenalan Proyek
Palapa Ring telah diperkenalkan pada forumInfrastructure Conference and Exhibition (IICE) awalNovember 2006 di JHCC, jakarta
Perkiraan nilai proyek adalah USD 255.1 mio atau Rp.2.346 T.
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Masukan dari Calon Investor
Model bisnis yang cocok adalah konsorsium, karenaakan berdampak pada efisiensi CAPEX, efisiensi OPEXdan tarif yang terjangkau
Proyek ini sudah mendesak, sehingga perlu segeradirealisasikan.
Mengingat Indonesia Bagian Barat (IBB) sudah tergelarjaringan serat optik milik 4 penyelenggara,pembangunan diprioritaskan di Indonesia Bagian
Timur (IBT) Memberdayakan jaringan existing yang sudah
dibangun, sehingga akan menurunkan total costdariproyek secara keseluruhan
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SulawesiKalimantan
Banda Aceh
Sabang
Medan
Palemban
g
Jakarta
Cirebon
Semarang
Surabaya
Ketapang
Gilimanuk
Karangasem
Mataram
Sumbawa
ReoMaumereLarantuka
Kupang
Singkawang
oSampitBanjarmasin
Balikpapan
Samarinda
Tarakan
Palu
Batam
ManadoToli-toli
Gorontalo
Luwuk
Kendari
Ujungpandang
o
Sibolga
Meulaboh
Tapaktuan
Natal
Padang
Bengkulu
Kalianda
Belitung
o
Waingapu
Kalabahi
o
Merauke
o
oo
o
Biak
Nabire
Ambon
o
o
Saumlaki
oDoboo
Tual
o
o o
Manokwari
Salawati
Tobelo
oPalopo
Sumatera
JawaNusa Tenggara
Maluku - Papua
Pontianak
Atambua
to Thailand
to Perth, Australia
to Asia Pacific
to India
o
o
oo
oo
o
oo
o
o o
Jaringan FO Existing
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Barat
Over capacity
4 penyelenggara yang beroperasi Overlapping antar operator, dan
belum saling terintegrasi
Belum sepenuhnya konsep ring
Bandwidth price masih tinggi
Demand tinggi
Barat vs Timur
Timur
Belum terjangkau FO
Transmisi via Satelit kapasitasterbatas
Kontur kepulauan
Demand rendah
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Alternatif Model Bisnis
Infrastruktur disiapkan oleh satu/ beberapa Penyedia Jaringan
Penyedia Jaringan melayani sewa kapasitas jaringan dari para
operators lain berdasarkan komitmen bandwidth, kualitas, dan secara
per tahun, secara Single Point of Contact (SPOC)
Biaya Capex & Opex ditanggung oleh Penyedia Jaringan
Infrastruktur disiapkan oleh satu/ beberapa Penyedia Jaringan
Penyedia Jaringan melayani pembelian hak pakai kapasitas jaringan
dari para operators lain berdasarkan komitmen bandwidth, kualitas,
dengan jangka waktu tertentu (10-15 th) secara SPOC
Biaya Opex ditanggung oleh Pembeli IRU secara proporsional sesuai
kapasitas yang dibutuhkan.
Infrastruktur dibangun dan dioperasikan secara bersama oleh parapihak (parties) baik operators maupun pihak lain
Masing-masing party menanggung biaya investasi (Capex) dan
operasional (Opex) infrastruktur secara proporsional sesuai komitmen
kapasitas yang dibutuhkan
Infrastruktur dimiliki secara bersama dengan kepemilikan sesuai
dengan proporsi biaya investasi
Capacity Leased
IRU
(Indefeasible Right of Use)
Joint Investment
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Model Bisnis Barat & Timur
Alternatif Bisnis Model
BaratCapacity Leased atau
IRU
TimurJoint
InvestmentInterkoneksi
backbone
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Existing
Backbone
Operator
Existing
Backbone
Operator
Existing / New
Backbone
Operator
Construction O/M
Operator
Service Revenue
OperatorOther Operators
Capacity
Price
PEMERINTAH
RoW, License
Regulasi:
Ceiling Price
Interkoneksi
Kewajiban pembangunan menjangkau unserved area
Barat Capacity Leased / IRU
USERSUSERSUSERS
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Barat Capacity Leased / IRU
Isu Barat:
Isu Legacy
Isu Existing Backbone
Model Barat akan dikaji lebih detail,Model Timur akan diprioritaskanterdahulu
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Timur Joint Investment
PEMERINTAH
KONSORSIUMOperator
Financial
Institutions
Construction O/M
RoW, License
Investment
Loan Repayment
Service Revenue
OperatorOperator
Capacity
USERSUSERSUSERS
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Progress Update
Pemerintah memfasilitasi pembentukan konsorsiumPalapa Ring
Model bisnis berbeda untuk area yang berbeda, dimulaidari IBT dengan modeljoint investment.
Model bisnis konsorsium untuk IBT dalam tahap finalisasi.
Area IBB, (kasus cukup kompleks), penekan karena terkaitdengan jaringan eksisting dan isu legacy)World Bankmenyediakan technical assistance pada model bisnisuntuk IBB
Telah ditandatangani MoU 6 anggota Konsorsium (PTTelkom, PT Indosat, PT Excelcomindo Pratama, PT Bakrie
Telecom, PT Infokom Elektrindo, dan PT Powertek UtamaInternusa) dalam pembangunan Palapa Ring pada tanggal10 Nopember 2007 di Surabaya
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Palapa Ring Tahap1
(Eastern Ring)
Total new FO Cable
> 10.000 km
Total cost : Rp. 3 T
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Kritik pada Palapa Ring
Lisensi sudah dijaminkan pada konsorsium, namunmasih belum jelas bagaimana bentuk jaminan, fee
dan kewajiban pada pemegang lisensi.
Studi feasibilitas teknis dan finansial masih dalampenyelesaian, belum membahas sisi akses,
bagaimana caranya anggota non-konsorsium bisa
mengakses palapa ring dan dalam batasan apa.
Palapa ring masih membahas network backbonedomestic, belum membahasa global backbone
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Conclusion
Untuk bisa menyalurkan layanan broadband multimedia, optikmerupakan pilihan long term yang paling sesuai
Pada area barat infrastruktur memanfaatkan ring optik
eksisting sedangkan di area timur dengan proyek Palapa ring
Pada layer 2 dan 3 infrastruktur MPLS merupakan pilihan yangpaling tepat untuk digunakan mengingat
Any-to-any connectivity
Secure segmentation of network traffic
Class of service (CoS)
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REGULASI UNTUK MOBILE
MULTIMEDIA SERVICE DI MASA DEPAN
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TOP 15 COUNTRIES
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TOP 10 PASAR 3G
Mobilitas dan Bandwidth menuju Broadband
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Mobilitas dan Bandwidth menuju Broadband
Mobile Communication
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FIXED VS SELULAR DI INDONESIA
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Fixed Broadband Market di Indonesia
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TOTAL INDUSTRY REVENUE
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Pendekatan dari Berbagai Segi
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ISUE
AFFORDABILITY MOBILE SPAM
M-Commerce
MOBILE VIRTUAL NETWORK OPERATOR PRIVACY
Problem Roaming
Regulasi Konten
1. Hak cipta
2. Accessibility
K i
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Konvergensi
Digitalisasi adalah nyata dan tersedia saat inimerupakan teknologi abadinformasi
Semua konten dapat dibentuk menjadi aliran data digital (bit-streams)
TV Digital TV esensinya merupakan suatu bit stream yang dapat dikodekan menjadivideo bergerak pada suatu layar monitor
Semua sistem transmisi digital dapat membawa bit streams Broadband, baik wireless dan fixed
Telepon Bergerak
TV Digital
Digital Audio Broadcasting
Sistem transmisi apapun dapat membawa konten dalam bentuk apapun
Data/Text/Gambar/Suara/Video Sistem TV Digital adalah salah satu pipa pembawa bit-bit data
Setiap jenis bit data merupakan representasi dari konten!
Referensi: Mr Ian Haynes Expert Australia
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