bell-ringer 9/18 what do you know about the earliest known humans? please take out 5 notecards
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Unit #2 - Ancient Civilizations
• Please take out 5 notecards
• Big Question:• How did it all begin?
Vocabulary• Artifacts• a simple object (such as a tool or weapon) that
was made by people in the past• The caves in France being explored by
archeologists contained many prehistoric artifacts such as pottery and weapons.
• Hominid• a term used for humans and any species of two-footed
animals we are most closely evolved from• There was a time when it was thought only humans
were hominids, but it is now believed we are closely related to the great ape, along with chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans!
• Paleolithic Age• Part of the Stone Age beginning about
750,000BC and lasting until about 8,500 BC. It was a prehistoric time when man first developed stone tools
• In the Paleolithic Era, man used stone as a weapon to hunt the Wooly Mammoth.
• Neolithic Age• The 2nd part of the Stone Age when people
created better tools, discovered metal and settled down into farming communities.
• During the Neolithic Age, people discovered farming which gave them the ability to settle down in one place creating villages and societies
• Homosapiens• a term used for modern humans (from Latin:
homo "human being" and sapiens "wise, intelligent")
• All people are members of Homo sapiens…for now!
• Pre – History (prehistoric)• Before the invention of writing – 5000 years
ago• So, what do you use to learn about this past?– Scientific clues
Bones Artifacts
What they looked likeHow tallFood they ateDiseases they had
How they dressedWork they didHow they worshiped
Early Footprints• Mary Leaky – Scientific expedition in
Tanzinia, East Africa• 1978 – pre-historic footprints, resembled
humans• Determined footprints were made by
humanlike creature
Early Footprints
• 1,000 miles north in Ethiopia• Female adult hominid skeleton was found• Nicknamed Lucy
Hominids Walk Upright
• Lucy was a species of Australopithecines–Walked upright– Traveled long distances– Spot threatening animals– Carry food & children– Developed opposable thumb –
crucial for picking up small objects, making tools
Old Stone Age Begins• Pre-Historic era• Amazing feats• Invention of tools, mastery over fire,
development of language
Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age
Early Stone Age2.5 Million BC – 8,000 BCOldest chopping tools Most of this time was the ice age
New stone Age8,000BC – 3,000 BCPeople polished stone toolsMade pottery, grew crops, raised animals* Language development
New Hominids in East Africa
1. 2.5 Million y/o fossil found in N. Tanzania
2. Fossil named Homo Habilis“Man of Skill”
3. Found tools made of lava rock – used to cut meat, crack bones, make survival easier
1. 1.6 Million y/o fossil in east Africa2. Fossil named Homo Erectus“Upright Man”
3. Became skillful hunters & invented sophisticated tools for digging, cutting, scraping.
4. 1st hominids to migrate out of Africa. - Fossils show H.E. made toosl found in India, China, SE Asia, Europe
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