bellringer
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Bellringer
• SOL Challenge
• BJOTD: What is white and fluffy and lives on Mars?
The End of the War and Reconstruction
Destruction of WWII• 40 million Europeans died• 2/3 were civilians • Billions of dollars in property damage • London, Warsaw, Berlin, all destroyed• Civilians had no homes, food, jobs,
cities…..• Famine set in
–Berlin 1945- 4,000 citizens died a day
Reconstruction in Germany • In February 1945 the US, Britain and the
Soviet Union met in Yalta• They agreed to divide Germany and
Berlin into zones of occupation, controlled by Allied forces
• The US and Britain wanted to rebuild the German economy to help stabilize Europe
• Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak and divided
Reconstruction in Germany• Western Berlin and Western
Germany will become democratic thanks to Western Europe and the US’s help
• The West will also become an economic power in postwar Europe
• The East, controlled by Stalin will lag behind and will be communist
Nuremberg Trials• Allies put Nazis on trial • In Nuremberg Germany, 22 Nazi
leaders were put on trial in the first Nuremberg trials
• Charged with “crimes against humanity”• 12 were sentenced to death • 11 were hung and their bodies were
burned at Dachau, a concentration camp
To Preserve Peace…The United Nations
• 50 countries• Goal- protect the members against
aggression• Based in New York • Each nation could cast their vote on
issues• Security council
–5 permanent members – Britain, China, France, US and the Soviet Union
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Established and adopted by the United Nations
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 to protect the dignity and rights of all people
• Provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government
Reconstruction in Japan
• 2 million died• Atomic bomb destroyed
Hiroshima and Nagasaki• The capital, Tokyo, had been
destroyed• The Allies took away Japan's
colonial possessions
Reconstruction in Japan
• On August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito, made a radio address urging his people to stop fighting and begin reconstruction in Japan
• Douglas Macarthur took charge of the US occupation
Demilitarization • MacArthur was determined to fairly control
Japan, but he needed to make sure his men were safe
• He began the process of demilitarization• Disbanding the Japanese army
–Eliminated aggressive abilities • He also brought war criminals to trial
–Hideki Tojo was hung • Crated a “safe” Japan• Promised Japan the US would keep them safe
MacArthur brings democracy
• The US helped the Japanese create a new constitution, that went into effect on May 3, 1947
• Japan now had a Parliamentary Democracy, like Britain
Macarthur revives Economy
• Increased land ownership• Created labor unions• US did not give the Japanese
much money, only 2 billion• Japan begins to emerge as a
dominant economy in Asia
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