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Bench and Pilot Scale Testing of Novel Treatment Media

StormCon Portland, OR

August 7th, 2014

Stephanie Bianco, E.I.T.

stephaniebianco@kennedyjenks.com Nathan Ward, E.I.T.

nathanward@kennedyjenks.com

The Agenda

• Why Treat Stormwater?

• Port of Tacoma Case Study

• Media Selection and Bench Scale Column Test Results

• Pilot Study

Why Treat Stormwater?

• Regulatory Pressures

• Environmental Responsibility

• Economic Benefits

Parameter Benchmark

Turbidity (NTU) 25

pH (SU) 5 - 9

Oil & Grease (mg/L) No visible sheen

Zinc (ug/L) 117

Copper (ug/L) 14

Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 100

Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 120

Industrial Stormwater General Permit (ISGP)

Port of Tacoma Case Study

West Hylebos Log Yard • 25 acres

• Log handling, storage, debarking

• Issues with Zinc and Copper

Project Goal • Design a staged media

filtration stormwater treatment system to meet ISGP benchmarks

Filtration Media Selection

Select an “amendment” media for second stage sand filtration basin

Bench Scale Column Tests – Part of the Solution?

Log Yard Stormwater

Bench Scale Column Test Schematic

Peristaltic Pump

(3) Pump Heads

Clear Sch. 40 PVC w/ Machined Lids

30” L x 2.5” ID

5-gal Bucket Influent

Sample Collection

Flexible Tubing

Flow Rate Measurement 100 mL/min

Round I Media Selection

• Activated Peat

• Oyster Shells

• Crushed Concrete

• Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

Round I Results

• Zn below benchmark (117 μg/L)

• Cu above benchmark

(14 μg/L)

• GAC removed the most metals and COD

Influent Peat Oyster Concrete GAC

Shells

Bench Scale Column Test Objective

GAC = Amendment?

Sand to amendment ratio?

Cheaper GAC alternatives?

Round II Media Selection

Sand + GAC vs. Sand + Biochar

• Marginal benefit from increasing GAC content

• Increased Cu removal with increased biochar content

• Not much difference between GAC and biochar

Round II Results

Influent BC5% BC20% GAC1% GAC5% GAC10%

Bench Scale Column Test Objective

Biochar Amended Sand Filtration

More amendment?

Round III Results

• Sand removed the most metals

• Increased metals removal with more biochar

• Increased COD removal with biochar

Influent Sand BC30% BC50%

Pilot Study Objective

50% Sand + 50% Biochar?

What about hydraulic

performance?

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Stormwater Storage Tank

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Head Box

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Distribution System

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Flow Meters

Pilot Study Schematic and Equipment

Totes

Pilot Study

Step 1: Place Media

24” Media

2” Pea Gravel

4” Drain Rock

12” Freeboard

Pilot Study

Step 2: Collect Stormwater

Pilot Study

Step 3: Test Infiltration Rate

• Application rate = 72 inches/hour (8.4 gallons per minute)

• Factor of safety = 1.5

• Duration = 1 to 2 hours

Pilot Study Results

• 50% Biochar, 50% Gravelly Sand

FAILED!

• 30% Biochar, 70% Gravelly Sand

SUCCESS!

Full Scale Implementation

30% Biochar

70% Sand

Benefits of Bench and Pilot Scale Testing

• Low cost and efficient

• Flexible testing configurations

• Guides important design decisions

Thank You!

Stephanie Bianco

stephaniebianco@kennedyjenks.com

253.835.6462

Nathan Ward

nathanward@kennedyjenks.com

253.835.6415

Check out our NEW stormwater blog at:

KennedyJenks.com/blog