bio 111 population week4
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Natural population size varies
biotic potential - characteristics of thespecies may make it easier for thepopulation to increase
environmental resistance - factors thatprevent the population from growing toolarge (and exceeding the available
resources)
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Population growth curves
J curve - the fastest (exponential) rate ofpopulation growth
J curve is the rate the population wouldincrease if these was no effect fromenvironmental resistance
S curve - environmental resistance bringsthe population size into balance with theavailable resources
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Carrying capacity
the number of individuals the environmentcan support on a long term basis withoutdestroying the resources that supply the
ecosystem
carrying capacity can change
example: agriculture has increased thecarrying capacity for food resources forhuman populations (for pest species too!)
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Carrying capacity
population sizein balance withavailability ofresources
uses resourcesat same ratethey arereplaced
doesn't depleteresources ordestroy habitat
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The dark orange color represents individualsremoved from the population by environmentalresistance - thus decreasing population growth
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Human population growth - J or S curve?
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Population Clock
how fast is the world's population growing?(right click, select "open hyperlink")
http://www.poodwaddle.com/worldclock.swf -
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Total Fertility Rate
total fertilityrate (TFR)
average #
children perwoman
replacementTFR = about2.1
why?
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Population Calculations
1. growth rate (GR) = BR DR
2. percent growth rate
(GR / 1000) * 100* quick tip -just move the decimal
point one place to the left
3. doubling time (DT) = 70 / PGR
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TABLE 1-1. POPULATION COMPARISONS 2008Source: Population Reference Bureau. World Population Data Sheet. Washington, DC. 2008.
COUNTRYPOP
(millions)
PGR
2008
DT
(years)TFR
PERCENTBELOW AGE
15
PERCENTABOVE AGE
65
AVG
ANNUALINCOME
2006 ($)
World 6,625 1.2 58 2.7 27 7 9,940
Russia 142 - 0.5 ---- 1.3 15 14 11,620
Japan 128 0.0 ---- 1.3 14 21 33,730
France 62 0.4 175 2.0 18 16 32,130
Norway 4.7 0.4 175 1.9 19 15 43,920
China 1,318 0.5 140 1.6 20 8 7,730
Australia 21 0.6 117 1.8 20 13 31,860
U.S. 302 0.6 117 2.1 20 12 44,260
Iran 71 1.2 58 2.0 29 5 8,480
Brazil 189 1.4 50 2.3 28 6 8,800
India 1,132 1.6 44 2.9 33 5 3,800
Mexico 107 1.7 41 2.4 32 6 11,330
Bangladesh 149 1.9 37 3.0 33 4 2,340
Pakistan 169 2.3 30 4.1 40 4 2,500
Ethiopia 77 2.5 28 5.4 43 3 1,190
Nigeria 144 2.5 28 5.9 48 3 1,150
how do
changesin DTand TFRaffectstandard
of living?
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Education level has a strong influence on familysize in developing and developed countries
TFR
note: seeexamplesin the
followingtwo slides
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teen mothers - Lincoln HS
Lincoln, Nebraska
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Population Profiles - age distribution diagrams
can be shown in percentage of population or with actual
population numbers
Ni i
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broaderbase of the
pyramid(representsbirth rate),
the fasterthepopulationis growing
Nigeria
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approximaterectangleindicates zeropopulationgrowth
birth rate is
equal todeath rate
interestingnote: what
happens to thegender ratios inold age?
Germany
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Broad base fuels rapid population growth aschildren reach reproductive age
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