biology b1b gcse
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7/30/2019 Biology b1b gcse
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Different types of Cloning:
Tissue Culture:
This Is done by picking the parent plant with the desiredcharacteristics that you want. Scrape a few cells into several
beakers with nutrients and hormones. A week later there
will be lots ofgenetically identical plants growing. The
same process can be done to these. This whole process can be
aseptic, (carried out in the absence of harmful bacteria) otherwise
the new plants will rot.
KEY WORDS:
DESIRED CHARISCTERISTICS NUTRIENTS AND HORMONES
GENETICALY IDENTICAL PLANTS
ASEPTIC
WILL ROT
Note, the offspring are
genetically identical to each
other and to the parent plant.
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Embryo Transplants
Parents with desired characteristics are mated.
Embryo is removed before being specialised.
Then split apart into several clumps. These embryos are then implanted into the uteruses of sheep who will eventually
give birth to clones.
Note: Offspring's are genetically identical to each other but not the parents.
Adult Male
Adult female
Body cell
Egg cell
Embryo
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Adult Cell Cloning / Fusion Cell Cloning
DNA from a donor animal is inserted into an empty egg cell (nucleus
removed) Which then develops into an embryo.
The embryo is then implanted into the uterus of another sheep. Dolly the
sheep was produced this way.
This is different from embryo cloning as the donor animal will end up giving
birth to an offspring that is genetically identical to the donor animal. But when
using the embryo transplants method this differs as the cell removed from the
two mated animals with the desired characteristics are separated into clumps
and then inserted into the uterus of a sheep, who will eventually give birth toclones.
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BODY CELLIs provided by the adult male
NUCLEUSIs found in the centre of a cell, this contains the information of the organism.
EMBRYOAn Embryo is made when two cells join, in this case its has been removed
before it specialises and then separated into clumps and inserted into the
uterus of the animal.
EGG CELLIs provided by the adult female
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http://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-
theory-of-evolution-video.htm
This link is to a video of Charles Darwin, proven
wrong, it is a little bit advanced but can still be
viewed for further information.
http://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htmhttp://www.allaboutscience.org/darwins-theory-of-evolution-video.htm -
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All species evolved from earlier
forms of life.
Species adapt to their
environment due to natural
selection.
2 key notions in
Darwin's theory.
Adapt changed to suitethere environment.
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The Evidence for the Theory of Evolution
Using fossil records, scientists have
been able to determine the
relationship of species.
There are evidence of
animals/humans who gothrough similar
development, through
the nine months before
being conceived. E.g.
babies,
Many animals have thesame bones, nerves
organs with the same
basic structure.
Genetic analysis
conforms
relatedness of
different species.
Only 1.6 genetic
difference
between humans
and chimpanzees
make up.
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Lamarck'stheory
Well from what I have
gathered Lamarck's theory
doesn't include genetics.
Using a Giraffe as an example,
he would have believed that
because they tried to reach tall
trees quiet often, they
stretched there necks while
doing so. This then made therenecks longer, so when there
offspring were born they to
had long necks.
A rough idea of evolution itself,
but Charles Darwin, was
someone who went a bit further.
This theory couldalso
suggest that if you had a
tiger tattoo on your arm,when you have kids, your
kids are also going to have
tiger tattoos on there arms
Lamarck believed that
if any part on the
body is repeatedly
used, it will remain on
the body or may
increase in size; If it isnot used, it may
reduce in size or
disappear. (Somewhat
True!)
Lamarck also
believed that the
physical or chemical
characteristics that
you acquire during
your life time will bepassed on to your
offspring.
(Completely False!)
If you becamesmart and a
genius by the
end of your
lifetime, the kid
will also be a
genius. (FALSE)
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Well I think that overall, Darwin's theory is a more reliable
and understandable theory, Lamarck has no evidence on histheory.
Charles Darwin used fossils for evidence.
ACTUALY THEY BOTH HAVE NO SUFFICENT EVIDENCE TO
PROVE EVLOUTION.
But to be honest, after Half way through the 19th century,
scientist had a better knowledge of science and
understanding in general. The breakthrough with genetics and
other theory's, I'm not to sure if Darwin and his theory ofevolution is still the answer
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Evolution by Natural Selection: Five key points to remember
Individuals within a population show Variation
(i.e. differences due to their genes)
There is Competition between individuals for food and mates etc.predators and diseases keep population size constant despite the production of
many offspring.
Some individuals adapt better than others due to their environment. This
statement otherwise known as Survival of the fittest
Survivors will pass of there genes to there offspring. Other wise known as
Natural Selection
Where new forms of genes result form Mutation, there may be more rapidchange in species.
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TASK = )
(Remember the five key points, in order)
Variation
Competition
Survival of the fittest
Natural selection
Mutation
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Reasons for extinction
Well,
The organisms environment will change.
(The mammoth)
Hutting down animals, this is caused by us
humans. (new predators).
(dodo bird is an example of a victim.
Diseases that could harm a specific
animal population, (Bird flu)
Increased competition.
The theory of evolution:
Well,
When asked this question make sure you
answer in this sort of way.
The theory of evolution states that all
living things which exist today, and many
more that are now extinct, evolved from
simple life forms which first developed
3000 000 000 (3billion) years ago.
When asked how you say
Studying similarities and differencesbetween species can help us to
understand evolution.
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You need to be able to. How Science Works
1A Identify the differences betweenDarwins theory of evolution and
conflicting theories.
1C Suggest reasons forthe different theories and
why scientists cannot be
certain about how life
began on earth.
1B Suggest reasons
why Darwins theory of
natural selection was
only gradually accepted.
1B Suggest reasonswhy Darwins theory of
natural selection was
only gradually accepted.
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SOOO..
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081112144837AAMoUvb
1A CREATIONIST
This view states that
each living thing was
Created separately and
did not evolve. Theyview the gapes
In the fossil records as
evidence against
evolution.
1B- Darwin's theory was only
gradually accepted because
Religion had an important part
in society It is difficult to prove
Many scientist did not, and
some still dont accept the
theory
Attempts to demonstrate
evolution through tests havefailed.
1C Intelligent
Design (ID)
This view states
that certain
structures within
cells and DNA are
far to complicated
to have evolvedover time so it
must have been
put there higher
being or creator.
(god) : )See page 42. aqa
gcse science.
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081112144837AAMoUvbhttp://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081112144837AAMoUvb -
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ALSO.
Visit this link for further information, you will
be surprised.
http://www.darwins-theory-of-
evolution.com/
http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/
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