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Biotechnology R & D in the Philippines
Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza, PhDMember, National Academy of Science & TechnologyResearch Professor, Institute of Plant Breeding, Crop
Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños; email: emtmendoza@nast.ph
COMSTE Conference August 14, 2008
Objective of conference: assessment of the state of SME Education in relation to Philippine competitiveness on the global stage
Defining the scope of biotechnology Agricultural Biotech R & D in the
Philippines Biotech Education Status and prospects of
commercialization Constraints and major concerns and
addressing them
We define biotechnology---as any biology-based technology which uses organisms or their parts to make or modify products, or improve plants, animals and microorganisms
Scope of Biotechnology
Cla
ssic
al
M
od
ern
Biofertilizers, biological nitrogen fixation, fermentation
Plant tissue culture
Cell culture
Recombinant diagnostics, DNA & protein markers
Recombinant microorganisms
Genetic engineering of animals
Genetic engineering of plants
Scope: processes & products of biotechnology
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Genetics Biochemistry
MicrobiologyEngineering & computer science
medicine agriculture & forestry
environment industry
Other traditional disciplines
Mole-cular biology
• One of the fastest growing industry sectors worldwide, with annual growth of >20%
• 1500 biotech companies in North America, 1200 in Europe
• Comprise of small companies, only 10% employ more than 250 people
• Health products (therapeutic pharmaceuticals, vaccines), diagnostics, bioagriculture, industrial enzymes etc)
Bioindustry--- biotechnology based industry
• “includes companies involved in the research, development, and manufacture of materials such as cell cultures, catalysts, genetic materials, immune response materials, biochemicals, enzymes, proteins and equipment used in biological and genetic research on humans, plants and animals.”
• Includes service organizations that perform consulting, testing, processing and storage of such products.
Bioindustry--- biotechnology based industry
Biotech R & D in the Philippines
Mostly based in Universities
Government Research Institutes (PhilRice, Philippine Coconut Authority, Philippine Carabao Center)
Private (St. Luke’s)
Biotech R & D in the Philippines
Use of biotech tools in crop and animal breeding or production
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Biopesticides Bt formulations, biological control
agents--- Diadegma and Cotesia against vegetable pests and Trichogramma against corn and sugarcane pests
Biofertilizers Mycogroe, Bio N, MykoVam, NitroPlus
(Biotech) Vital N (Arnichem, private)
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Animal health products Diagnostics
Salmonella, E. coli, red tide Vaccines against
hemorrhagic septicemia due to Pasteurella multocida for cattle and carabao
Fowl cholera for poultry
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Tissue Culture of plants
Embryo culture of makapuno Pioneered by Dr.
Emerita de Guzman, UPCA 1960s
Improved by DA Scientist Linda Rillo, PCA 1990s
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Tissue culture of orchids at UP CA 1960s
Prof. Helen Valmayor
Micropropagation of banana early 1980s, IPB CA UPLB
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Dr. Ramon C. Barba
Prof. Lilian F. Pateña
Dr. Olivia P. Damasco
Home grown biotech products and products
Orchids Banana
Davao Musatech (Stanfilco), largest in the world; produces 23 M seedlings per year
Dolefil has capacity to produce 6 M per year
Lapanday Secura Plant Genetics
Makapuno Sugarcane--disease free cane seeds
distributed to growers
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Sex reversal technology for tilapia
http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/philippines/Mar24_02.jpg
Onset of Tilapia Industry triggered by the sex reversal technology in 1976 by RD Guerrero II I
Improved tilapia
•CLSU Freshwater Aquaculture Center with University of Wales Swansea
•National Freshwater Fisheries Tech Center of BFAR
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
MOET Multiple Ovulation-Embryo transfer
Twin calves of Murrah breed f rom embryo transfer
DA Philippine Carabao Center, Nueva Ecija
Improving rate of reproduction and breeds of carabao
2000s
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products
Use of molecular markers in plant breeding For marker-aided breeding
PHILRICE’s NSICRc142 or Tubigan 7 resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB)
NSIC Rc154 For studying genetic diversity of plants,
microorganisms, insect pests For identification of crop varieties, hybrids
(IPB CA UPLB)
Biotech R & D in the Philippines and products (ongoing)
Use of genetic engineering or recombinant DNA tools in crop breeding to develop
Delayed ripening trait in papaya Papaya ringspot virus resistance in papaya Shoot and fruit borer resistance in eggplant
(Bt eggplant)
Institute of Plant Breeding, Crop Science Cluster, CA UPLB
How were these technologies transferred to the private sector?
Historically, this is how we have transferred our technologies
Seeds
Tissue culture technologies
•Orchids
•Makapuno
•Banana
Case study: Crop Science Cluster-IPB technologies
technologies To individuals, companies etc.
More recently we have learned of another more profitable way!
technologies
•5 Inbred lines of maize, licensed to Ayala in 1995 for PhP 2.32 M
•Sinta papaya hybrid licensed to East West Seeds at 7% royalty of gross sales, from 2005-2007, royalty amounted to PhP1.822 M
More recently we have learned of another more profitable way!
technologies
•Bio N of UPLB Biotech is licensed to private companies through TRC
The Silicon Valley Model: Have there been companies spun off from schools?
Startup Companies
Technologies from Universities
At UPLB
•STEMP Biotech Inc. was registered in 2007; was 2005 Grand Prize Winner of PESO Challenge for Enhanced Solo.
What is the promise of commercialization of research project results?
Three UPLB Technologies were finalists the past three PESO (Philippine Emerging Startup Open) Challenges where two won the Grand Prize Enhanced Solo (Papaya with long shelf life and ring
spot virus resistance) (Grand Prize 2005) (IPB CA UPLB)
SNAP Nutrients (Finalist 2006) (IPB CA UPLB) BIO N (Grand Prize 2007 BIOTECH)
Animal vaccines from BIOTECH Fowl Cholera Vaccine
Enzymes for improving animal feeds Mannanase
DA Biotech-EMERGE USAID- ACIAR-DOST-IPB-UPLB
Our product---Transgenic papaya with delayed ripening trait
DA Biotech-EMERGE USAID- ACIAR-DOST-IPB-UPLB
Future biotech productEnhanced Solo
We are introducing PRSV resistance to our long shelf life transgenic papaya at IPB
Backcross 3 x transgenic papaya
PRSV resistant Backcross 3: Carica papaya x Vasconcellea quercifolia
What is the promise of commercialization of research project results?
Two more promising technologies from IPB Bunchy top virus resistant banana var
Lakatan for licensing variety to companies that produce Lakatan for export and local markets
Papaya ringspot virus resistant papaya for licensing as parental line to local and foreign companies
Damasco et al, 2006
Total irradiated plants 6,012
After greenhouse 114
After field 64
Resistant plants 1.06%
Banana var Lakatan
Resistant to bunchy top virus through gamma irradiation of tissue cultured shoot tips
Funded by IAEA, IPB CA UPLB, PCARRD
Can globally competitive industries possibly be built around their research centers?
The UPLB Science Park is presently being strengthened.
There are efforts to systematize the evaluation of the commercialization potential of UPLB technologies.
Entrepreneurship is now a key program of the UPLB College of Economics and Management
At the College of Agriculture, entrepreneurship is being emphasized.
Bioentrepreneurship course is offered to MBB and other students.
Academic programs that support the biotechnology sector
BS, MS and PhD Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (MBB), UP Diliman, since 1987
MS MBB (1999), PhD MBB (2002), UPLB BS Biotech (BS Bioengineering) (2003),
Mapua Institute of Technology Proposed BS Agricultural Biotechnology at
UPLB College of Agriculture Allied programs Need to introduce Biotechnology as a GE
course Need Funds to upgrade laboratories and for
research grants for students
Strengths
(Many) Policies in place Strong and working biosafety system Manpower
Small (group) but tenacious and dedicated
Pockets of strength in facilities and resources
Major Concerns
Lack of scientists Lack of scientific business managers Lack of strong research base Low R & D expenditures Traditional education systems which do not foster
innovative and creative thinking Lack of appreciation or understanding of
intellectual property rights Lack of venture capital Weak industry-academe-govt liaisons
Tecson-Mendoza 2002, Tang 2003, Arroyo 2005,
The Philippines has 157 scientists and engineers (S & E) per million population engaged in R&D
Japan had the highest number, with 4,909 S&Es per million population engaged in R&D. Russia had 3,801 S & Es while the US had 3,676 S&Es per million population
Lack of scientists
From: National Science and Technology Plan 2002-2020
In the Philippines
Gene cloning, mapping, fingerprinting11.5% microbial biotechnology 6 genetic engineering 4 molecular markers 3 others 7.5
tissue culture (plant) 14 microbiology 10.5 biofertilizer 5.5 enzymes 4 fermentation 4 reproductive biotechniques 3.5 others 24.7
Total number, 317
Faylon et al, 2006
15%
56%
6%
23%NCRRegion IVRegion IIIOthers
Addressing: Lack of scientists
Government Scholarship programs DOST (SEI, PCASTRD), DA,CHED Training abroad
BS, MS, PhD programs in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, or Biotechnology and allied programs locally available
If we can only keep the ones we graduate and those sent abroad for advanced degrees!
Need to address brain drain
Addressing: Lack of strong research base Only four or five Biotech capable-institutions
UPLB (Biotech, IPB-CSC, IBS) UP Diliman PhilRice St. Luke’s UP Manila
Constraints Cannot recruit new R & D personnel Heavy load of teaching Low salaries of researchers in UP System Reduction in number of trained personnel
Retirement, going abroad
Addressing: Lack of scientific business managers
Increased promotion of entrepreneurship University-wide and national competitions Private sector and govt initiatives
GO Negosyo, PESO, Hybridigm, SMART, etc Offering of entrepreneurship courses
BS level---in the UPLB College of Agriculture, a required course in BS FT, and will be required in other CA curricular programs and in BS Agricultural Biotechnology
Bioentrepreneurship course in MBB program at UPLB More interaction between the technology developers
and experts in business side
Addressing: Lack of strong research base
Strengthen existing ones and build up more research bases where there are pockets of strength E.g. SEAFDEC, beautiful buildings and
equipment, few researchers Retooling Recruitment of qualified staff More conducive environment for research
including inspiring leadership Do not appoint young PhDs to administrative
positions!
Addressing: Low R & D expenditures
PhP 180 M from 2003-2006 Bigger budgets promised
DA Sec. A. Yap talks of PhP500 M to 1 B budget for biotech from 2007 to 2010
UP Diliman College of Science obtained a PhP 500 M grant in 2006 released through DOST
Constraints Inability to absorb released money Slow process of grant evaluation and release Highly bureaucratic and expensive purchasing
system in government
Addressing: Traditional education systems do not foster innovative and creative thinking NAST is promoting the building of a culture of science
among our people Strategies
strategic change in science education in elementary schools which involves discovery- and inquiry-based method of teaching;
Increasing support for young talent and genius; and
Strengthening institutions of research and scholarship.
Theme of 2007 Annual Scientific Meeting of NAST
Addressing: Lack of appreciation or understanding of intellectual property rights Continuous promotion through seminars,
lectures Intellectual Property Research and Training
Institute (IPRTI) established by the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) of the Philippines as its training arm
Part of the course “Biotechnology and Society” in the UPLB MBB program
Included in the GE course on biotechnology Pro Filipino approach to IP
Addressing: Lack of venture capital
Seed venture fund being initiated by Dr. Vic Ilag, COO, Patrys (www.patrys.com) Australia
Narra Venture Capital (www.narravc.com) Paco Sandejas
In Malaysia Malaysian govt established Malaysian Management
Venture Capital, with initial RM 500M and four startups granted RM56 M
In Thailand VNET Venture Capital and One Asset Management
Limited, In Singapore
Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) HAS US$600 M fund for investments
Addressing: Weak industry-academe-government linkages
More interactions among Industry-Academe-Government
Promote Biotechnology Industry Cluster activities
Promote Techno-Entrepreneur activities Build a strong technology commercialization
office in university Strengthen science parks near selected
Universities and research institutes
To move bioindustry: Biotechnology Industry Cluster established by EDC
Mid 2005, Biotechnology Cluster was constituted under the Export Development Council
Develop Biotech sector as an export earner 2007-2010
Focus on Agri-biotechnology Health Bio-industry
Incentives for industry players not clear
Targets: TO INCREASE
Number of high caliber scientists Number of commercializable biotech
products PhP generated by biotech products
annually Number of biotech companies in the
Philippines Number of people employed directly by
biotech industries
Objective of conference: assessment of the state of SME Education in relation to Philippine competitiveness on the global stage
Defining the scope of biotechnology Agricultural Biotech R & D in the
Philippines Biotech Education Status and prospects of
commercialization Constraints and major concerns and
addressing them
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