blade server power (big boy)
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©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 1
Power for your
Blade Server Environment
What you need to know
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 2
Agenda
• Introduction
• Market Trends
• Terms
• 3-Phase (3~) Power
• High Power and Blade Servers
• Review
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 3
The PCE Family of Companies
Blow Molding
Injection Molding
Pipe & Profile Extrusion
Data Center Power Distribution & Environmental Monitoring
Computer Room Environmental
Monitoring
Design Services & Web-Enabling
Technologies
Monitoring and Management of Data Center Operations and Infrastructure
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 4
Company Overview
Geist History• 1948 – Founded as Winders & Geist
• 1993 – Introduced Geist PDUs
• 1997 – Privately acquired by PCE
• 2005 – Acquired IT Watchdogs
• 2007 – Established Geist International
• 2008 – Established Geist Technology
– Established Geist Contract Manufacturing
– Established Geist Metalworks
• 2009 – Established Geist Intelligent Facilities
Geist Manufacturing Today• A provider of innovative products for data center power distribution and monitoring systems
– 100 employees
– 2008 sales grew 20% over the prior year
– Sales now reaching 6 continents
– Partnerships in the USA, the UK, China, Taiwan, France and Australia
Geist Manufacturing and PCE Headquarters
Geist Metalworks
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 5
Market Trends
Source: Surveys by 7x24 Exchange, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Uptime Institute estimates based on gradual implementation of new server technology that is either already announced or currently on the market
Power to the Rack
The market trend is for data center
cabinets and racks to require more
and more energy as the increasing
demand put upon data centers
drives the need for greater system
performance and higher server
density.
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 6
Market Trends
Blade Servers on the Rise
• Server consolidation, virtualization, and power
savings are leading to a boom in blade server
sales over the next four years.
• WW blade server shipments are expected to rise
from 620,000 in 2006 to 2.4 million units in 2011
- a compound annual growth rate of 31.5%
• In 2006 blade servers represented only 7.9% of
all servers sold
• By 2011 the sales of blade servers are expected
to rise to approximately 21.6% of all servers sold
Source: iSuppli
7.9%
92.1%
21.6%
78.4%
2006 2011
Blade Servers
Other Servers
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 7
Electrical Terminology
Amp (or Ampere): The standard measure of electrical current.
Electricity flows through a wire much like a water flowing through a pipe. The flow of electricity (electric current) is measured in amps.
The Amp draw of a circuit is dependent on the needs of the devices plugged into it, and is limited by the branch circuit protection.
Volt: The standard measure of electrical potential, and is a fixed value for every circuit. Voltage is measured with respect to a reference point (usually between two conductors of the circuit).
Voltage is analogous to pressure in a water pipe. Higher pressures, or higher voltages, allow more energy to flow within a given amount of time.
Standard voltages present in most data centers are 120V and 208V in the USA, and 230V in continental Europe.
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 8
Electrical Terminology
Watt : The measure of the work being performed (i.e., total power being consumed) by a system.
In a perfectly efficient design, power is calculated as:
watts = volts x amps (W = V x A)
Power Factor: The ratio of Real Power to Apparent Power.
A power factor of 100% represents perfect efficiency. Lower values indicate that there is energy loss in the circuit.
When a design is not perfectly efficient, the power calculation is:
watts = volts x amps x power factor (W = V x A x PF)
AMPS … the rate of flow of electricity. VOLTS … the push (or pressure), not the amountWATTS … the power that is used POWER FACTOR… the efficiency
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 9
Single-Phase Power
Single-phase power is like
a 1-cylinder diesel engine.
Power is produced once
each cycle.Single Phase
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 10
A 3-cylinder diesel engine has one
cylinder firing with each 120 degree
rotation of the crankshaft… so that 3
power pulses are generated for each
full cycle.
Like the 3-cylinder diesel engine, a
3-phase power feed has 3 power
lines that are offset from each other
by 120 degrees.
3-Phase Power
Three Phases
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 11
3-Phase Delta
A 3-phase delta power configuration consists of 4 conductors -
3 “hot” lines 1 ground line.
In a delta configuration there is only one output voltage level available.
• 208V by wiring one “hot” line to another “hot” line
(green arrows)
Page 11
3-Phase Delta Configuration
3-Phase 208V Delta
208V
208V208V
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Ground
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 12Page 12
3-Phase Wye Configuration
3-Phase Wye
A 3-phase wye power configuration with 5 conductors -
3 “hot” lines 1 ground line 1 neutral line
The neutral line in the circuit is what makes the 3-phase Wye configuration flexible and increasingly popular, as it allows the output of both 208V and 120V from the same PDU without using a transformer or multiple whips.
• 208V by wiring any “hot” line to another “hot” line
(green arrows)
• 120V by wiring any “hot” line to “neutral” (brown arrows)
3-Phase 120V/208V Wye
120V
120V
120V
208V
208V
208V
Line 1
Line 2
Neutral
Line 3
Ground
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 13
3-Phase Power Makes Sense
Why bring 3-phase power to the cabinet level?
• Ability to power 120V and 208V loads from the same branch circuit
• Less wire under the floor to block airflow
• Fewer whips for the electrician to pull, reducing installation cost
• Simpler to balance loads within a cabinet rather than across cabinets
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 14
The 3-Phase Advantage
WHY USE 3 WHIPS WHEN A SINGLE3-PHASE WHIP CAN DO THE JOB?
20A 120V 3-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current
= [120V x 20A] x 3 phases= 2400W per phase x 3 phases= 7200W or 7.2kW
5 wires per whip x 1 whip = 5 wires 1 circuit = 1 whip
20A 120V Single-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current
= [120V x 20A] x 3 circuits= 2400W per circuit x 3 circuits = 7200W or 7.2kW
3 wires per whip x 3 whip = 9 wires 3 circuits = 3 whips
Equal Power Example
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 15
More Power – Less Current Example
The 3-Phase Advantage
20A 208V 3-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current x 1.73
= 208V x 20A x1.73= 7197W or 7.2kW
NO CIRCUIT BREAKERS REQUIRED
30A 208V Single-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current
= 208V x 30A= 6240W or 6.2kW
REQUIRES 2 2-POLE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
20A 3-Phase Benefits• > 70% more power than 20A single-phase• > 15% more power than 30A single-phase• No circuit breakers required• Requires only a 20A feed
20A 208V Single-Phase System Power = Voltage x Current
= 208V x 20A= 4160W or 4.2kW
NO CIRCUIT BREAKERS REQUIRED
30A208V
1-Phase
20A208V
3-Phase
6.2kW
7.2kW
30A208V
1-Phase
4.2kW
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 16
For a medium density rack of up to 7.2kW a
20A 120V/208V 3-phase power whip serves
the rack well.
For a higher density rack of up to 10.8kW a
30A 120V/208V 3-phase power whip with
circuit breakers can handle the larger load
3-Phase Power Guidance
Examples of preferred arrangements for branch circuits
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 17
How Much Power Do I Need?
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 18
Power Meter: Diagnostic Tool
Measure phase loads & neutral loads for proper balance
- Correcting unbalanced phase loads and minimizing the neutral load can result in electric utility bill savings
Monitor breaker loads - Ensure that current draw is safely below breaker
ratings to avoid unnecessary operational interruptions
Measure current usage at each socket- Identify what equipment has high current demands
and may be in need of service or replacement- Within an organization, departments can be billed
by the IT department for equipment energy use
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 19
Best Practices with Blade Servers
Monitor Current: YES Switched Outlet: NO
• In racks with traditional 1U servers, per-outlet switching allowed rebooting of a single servers
• With blade servers, per-outlet switching is no longer a requirement
– Per-outlet switching would mean that, instead of rebooting a single blade server, multiple servers would be simultaneously rebooted. This is not a reasonable approach to take in a high-uptime application
• With per-circuit or per-outlet monitoring, the users have the ultimate in visibility of power usage and protection against unwanted downtime.
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 20
The Quest for Higher kW Loads
• Blade Server use is growing, along with increasing power consumption.
• High-density applications continue to require more power.
• The increase in size and number of power feeds is leading to greater airflow restrictions, higher installation costs, and decreased availability of breaker space in power distribution panels.
• It seemed that - for any redundant applications requiring more than 17W - the only solution was to use four 60A X three-phase feeds.
• Geist solves this problem with 80-amp and 120-amp 3-phase PDUs– Up to 35kW blade-filled cabinets can be supplied power with a single
feed, or with two feeds in redundant applications.
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 21
Blade Server Solutions!!!
Geist’s “Big Boy” 80A and 120A 3-Phase ZP PDUs
• Standard product that supports high power needs
– 80A X 208V X 1.73 = 28kW x 80% = 23kW
– 120A X 208V X 1.73 = 43kW x 80% = 35kW
• Monitoring, both local and remote, is built in to each unit
• Input feed lines are hard-wired to the mains
– The oversized pin-and-sleeve plug, cord and receptacle are eliminated, saving expense and removing bulk
– Direct connection to the mains increases reliability
• Each unit is UL 60950 listed
• Convenient, tool-free mounting is available
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 22
IBM BladeCenter H Power Example
• IBM BladeCenter H can have up to four 2900 watt power supplies.
• For full use of all 14 blade slots, all four power supplies must be installed.
• 2 power connections to the chassis are required
• When redundancy is specified, the number of power connections increases to 4
Total Power = 4 x 2900W = 11600W = 11.6kW
Current load = [power / volts] / derating factor= [11600W / 208V] / 80%
= 55.8A / 0.8= 69.8A 70A
To properly feed the four 2900W power supplies, a minimum of 70A of current should be available to the
chassis
Image source: http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/data/flash/bladecenter/hardware/servers/tour/
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 23
IBM Application
23KW HARDWIRED PDU
• 80A x 3~ MAX
• Removable plate for wiring, bottom feed
• Branch circuit protection by 20A x 3~ UL-listed circuit
breakers
80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW
28.8kW x 80% derating factor
= 23kW at max power draw
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 24
HP Application #1
23KW HARDWIRED PDU
• 80A x 3~ MAX
• Removable plate for wiring, bottom feed
• Branch circuit protection by 20A x 3~ UL-listed circuit
breakers
80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW
28.8kW x 80% derating factor
= 23kW at max power draw
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 25
HP Application #2
34KW HARDWIRED PDU
• 120A x 3~ MAX
• Removable plate for wiring, bottom feed
• Branch circuit protection by 30A x 3~ UL-listed circuit
breakers
120A x 208V x 1.73 = 43kW
43kW x 80% derating factor
= 34.5kW at max power draw
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 26
Dell Application
23KW HARDWIRED PDU
• 80A x 3~ MAX
• Removable plate for wiring, bottom feed
• Branch circuit protection by 20A x 3~ UL-listed circuit
breakers
80A x 208V x 1.73 = 28.8kW
28.8kW x 80% derating factor
= 23kW at max power draw
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 27
Review
• Introduction
• Market Trends
• Terms
• 3-Phase (3~) Power
• High Power and Blade Servers
• Review
©2009 Geist Mfg. www.Geistmfg.com 800.432.3219 Proudly Manufactured in the U.S.A Page 28
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