breakup of yugoslavia. former yugoslavia creation yugoslavia was first formed as a kingdom in 1918...

BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA

Former Yugoslavia

Creation• Yugoslavia was first formed as a kingdom in 1918 and

then recreated as a Socialist state in 1945 after the Axis powers were defeated in World War II.

• The constitution established six constituent republics in the federation: Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Serbia also had two autonomous provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Background Info

• Serbia – mainly Orthodox Christian population• Croatia – mainly Catholic population• Bosnia – mixed Muslim, Serb, and Croat population

Timeline• 1945-1980 - Josip Tito ruled as a charismatic leader of

Yugoslavia employing his own brand of communism (separate from Stalin’s)

Timeline• 1980-1991 - Yugoslavia had a

rotating Presidency headed by a leader of one of the regions

• Late 1980s - Slobodan Milosevic came to power pushing for Serbian nationalism

Slovene/Catholic 91%Croat/Catholic 3%Serb/E Ortho 2%

Croat/Catholic 78%Serb/E Ortho 12%

Serb/ E Ortho 63%Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6%Albanian/Muslim 14%Hungarian/Catholic 4%

Muslims (43.7%)Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %)

66% Macedonian/E Ortho23% Albanian/Muslim2% Serb/E Ortho4% Turk/Muslim

Patterns of Ethnic Settlement

Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up

Bosnia: 40% ofurban couplesethnically mixed

Slovenia• 1991 - broke away from Yugo. (short war)

Croatia• 1992 - Croatia broke away from Yugo. (bloody war)

Bosnia-Herzegovina• 1992 - Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence from

Yugo.

Ethnic Cleansing• Serbs began a campaign of ethnic cleansing against

mainly Bosnian Muslims• (concentration camps, mass murder, mass rapes – to

eradicate Muslims from parts of Bosnia)

Timeline• 1995 - Dayton Accords – tenuous peace agreement for

Bosnia

Serbia and Montenegro• Yugoslavia disappeared from the map of Europe, after 83

years of existence, to be replaced by a looser union called simply Serbia and Montenegro, after the two remaining republics.

Montenegro• Declared independence in 2006

Kosovo• In 2008 declared itself an independent state. • Serbia and a number of other countries do not recognize the secession of Kosovo and consider it a UN-governed entity within its sovereign territory.