bridge components

CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES AND IT’s

COMPONENTS

ACCORDING TO FUNCTION1)Track Bridge (for rail vehicle)

– Over water bodies i.e River/ Nallah /Canal– Over Valley (viaduct)– Over Railway (Fly-over)– Over Road (RUB)

2) Road Bridge (For Road Vehicle)– Over Railway (ROB)

3) Rail cum road bridge – Over river

4) Foot over Bridge (For pedestrian)– Over Railway (On platform for public)

5) Pipe Line Bridge - Over Railway

6) Aquduct

- Canal or Nallah over Track

ACCORDING TO MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION OF SUPER

STRUCTURE 1) Timber Bridge (obsolete)

2) Masonry Arch – Stone & Brick– In lime Mortar & Cement Mortar respectively

3) Steel Bridge – Riveted Fabrication– Welded Fabrication

4) RCC Bridge

5) Pre-stressed Concrete Bridge

6) Composite (Steel & Concrete) Bridge

ACCORDING TO FORM OR TYPE

OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

1) Pipe Culvert

2) RCC Slab

3) Rail opening (Only on branch line)

4) Rail Cluster (Only on branch line)

5) RCC Box Culvert

6) Steel Plate Girder

7) Steel Open Web Girder

8) Arch Bridge

9) RCC/PSC ‘T” or “I” Beam Bridge

10) RCC/PSC Box Girder

11) Suspension Bridge

12) Cable Stayed Bridge

13) Bow String Bridge

14) Moveable Bridge

ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

SUPERSTRUCTURE 1) Simply supported

2) Continuous

3) Cantilever

4) Balanced Cantilever

5) Cable Stayed

6) Suspension

7) Rigid Frame.

Arch Bridge

Bowstring Br

Cable Stayed Bridge

Suspension Bridge: Forces

Suspension Bridge

PLATE GIRDER

WEB PLATE

BEARING STIFFENER BOTTOM LATERAL BRACINGINTERMEDIAT STIFFENER

CLEAR SPAN

CENTRE OF BEARINGS

ELEVATION

PLATE GIRDER

PLAN

CROSS FRAME TOP LATERAL BRACING MAIN GIRDERS

CROSS

PLATE GIRDER

MAIN GIRDER

END CROSS FRAME

BEARING

BED BLOCK

CROSS SECTION

ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF FLOOR SYSTEMS

1) Deck Type – (Track Structure on Top Flange or Chord)

2) Through Type (Track structure Floor System Connected to Bottom Chord Panel)

3) Semi Through Type (Track Structure Floor System Connected to Web and no top Bracings)

SEMI THROUGH TRUSS

Warren Trusses

K-Truss

OPEN WEB THROUGH SPAN

ELEVATION

L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6

21U U 43U U 5U

TOP CHORD

BOTTOM CHORD

VERTICALSDIAGONALSEND RACKER

TOP PLAN

KNEE PORTALTOP LATERAL BRACING

PORTAL

SWAY BRACINGS

PLAN AT FLOOR LAVEL

0L 21L L 43L L 65 LL

0L' L'1 L'2 L'3 L'4 L'L'5 6

MAIN GIRDERCROSS GIRDER BOTTOM LATERAL BRACINGSTRINGERS

STRINGER BRACINGS

Beam Bridge

MOVEABLE BRIDGES :

• Swing Bridge

• Bascule Bridge

• Lifting Bridge

Bascule Bridges

Swing Bridges

Lifting bridges

ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SERVICE

1) Permanent

2) Temporary– Restricted Head Girder (RH Girder)– Callender-Hamilton Bridge– Pantoon Bridge

Pontoon Bridges 

Type of girder Span

1. Rail Cluster 3660mm (12’)

1 RH Girder(Plate girder type, duplicate girders)

a)1800mmb)7200mm (24’)c)9680mm(31’-9”)d)13200mm (44”)e)16400mm (53’-6”)f)26480mm (87”)

2. Calendar Hamilton Girder(open web through type)

a)24400mm (80’)b)30500mm (100’)c)45700mm (150’)d)61000mm (200’)

4. Standard Span(Plate girders)

a)12200mm (40’)b)18300mm (60’)c)24400mm (80’)

ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONNECTION (STEEL GIRDER)

1) Riveted

2) Welded

3) Bolted

ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF DECKING

WITH REFERENCE TO HFL

1) High Level bridge

2) Causeway or Irish Bridge

3) Siphon Bridge

ACCORDING TO SPAN OR OPENING

1) Minor Bridge– Individual span < 12 m & Total Lineal Waterway< 18 m

2) Major Bridge – Individual span ≥12 M or Total Lineal Waterway ≥ 18 M

3) Important Bridges –– Total Lineal waterway 300 M OR – Total Waterway 1000M2 OR – Those classified as ‘IMPORTANT BY CE/CBE due to

their depth of W.Way, Extent of River Training Works & Past History Maintenance Problem.

ACCORDING TO RAILWAY GAUGE

1) Broad Gauge (BG – 1676 MM)

2) Metre Gauge (MG – 1000 MM)

3) Narrow Gauge (NG – 762 MM)

ACCORDING TO LOADING STANDARD

Broad Gauge– DFC– 25 T– MBG – 1987 (Modified Broad Gauge)– RBG – 1975 (Revised Broad Gauge)– BGML (Main Line)– BGBL (Branch Line)

MAIN ELEMENT OF BRIDGE

1) Superstructure – Track Structure– Girder– Bearing

2) Substructure – Bed Block– Training & Protective Works– Pier/Abutment/Wing Wall– Foundations

Monolithic Bridge Like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert and Arch Act like one unit.