building medical terms

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Building Medical TermsWord Root

Prefix

Suffix

Combining forms

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Objectives

•Define the four word parts used to build medical terms.•Define common medical combining forms.•Define common medical prefixes.•Define common medical suffixes.•Describe how word parts are put together to form words.

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

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Forming Medical TermsMedical Term

PrefixWord root

Suffix

Combining forms

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Forming Medical Terms Part 2Medical terms are formed from two or more word parts.

Word root

•The main part of a word which contains the basic meaning.

Prefix

•Word parts attached to the beginning of a word that modifies the meaning.

Suffix

•Word parts attached to the end of a word that modifies the meaning.

Combining forms•The word root and a combining vowel that enable two parts to be connected.

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [ACANTH(O)]

Combining Forms Meaning

acanth (o) actin (o)

aer (o)

athero

bacill (i)

bar (o)

spiny, thorny

weight; pressure

bacilli; bacteria

plaque; fatty substance

air; gas

light

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [BLAST(O)]Combining Forms Meaning

blasto

carcin(o)

chrondro

cry(o)

crypt(o)

cyan(o)

immature cells

cancer

cartilage

cold

hidden

blue

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [CYT(O)]

Combining Forms Meaning

cyt(o)

dextr(o)

dips(o)

dors(o)

erythr(o)

esthesio

cell

right

thirst

back

red

sensation, perception

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [GALACT(O)]Combining Forms Meaning

galact(o)

gluco

gero

glyco

gyn(o)

home(o)

kin(o)

milk

glucose

old age

sugars

women

same

movement

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [KINESI(O)Combining Forms Meaning

kinesi(o)

lact(o)

leuk(o)

lith(o)

mio

narco

necro

motion

milk

white

stone

smaller; less

sleep; numbness

death; dying

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [NOCT(O)]Combining Forms Meaning

noct(i)

oncho

path(o)

phago

phon(o)

pseud(o)

pyo

night

tumor

disease

eating

sound; voice

false

pus

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [PYRO]Combining Forms Meaning

pyro

salping(o)

schiz(o)

scler(o)

scolio

somato

spiro

fever

tube

split; division

hardening

crooked; bent

body

breath; breathe

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Word Roots and Combining Forms [TEL(O)]Combining Forms Meaning

tel(o)

tono

tropho

xanth(o)

xeno

Xer(o)

distant; end; complete

tension; pressure

food; nutrition

yellow

stranger

dry

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•Prefixes are attached to the beginning of words.

•Modifies the meaning of the word or word root.

•Indicates size, quantity, position of, and location.

Prefixes

PrefixWord Root

Suffix

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Prefixes (a–aut)Prefix Meaning

a

ab

ambi

ana

ante

anti

aut(0)

without

away from

both, around

up, toward

before

against

self

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Prefixes (brachy–hypo)Prefix Meaning

brachy

brady

contra

dys

hemi

hyper

hypo

short

slow

against

abnormal; difficult

half

above normal

below normal

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Prefixes (inter–peri)Prefix Meaning

inter

iso

mal

meta

micr(o)

olig(o)

peri

between

equal; same

bad; inadequate

after

small

few; little; scanty

around; about; near

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Prefixes (pro–un)Prefix Meaning

pro

re

retro

semi

supra

tachy

un

before; forward

again; backward

behind; backward

half

above; over

fast

not

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Suffixes

•Attaches to the end of the word and carries the underlying meaning of the word.

•Suffixes can also be combining forms.

PrefixWord Root

Suffix

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Suffixes (ad–crine)Suffix Meaning-ad

-algia

-asthenia

-blast

-cidal

-clast

-crine

toward

pain

breaking

weakness

immature; forming

destroying; killing

secreting

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Suffixes (crit–ectomy)Suffix Meaning

-crit

-cyte

-cytosis

-derma

-dynia

-ectasis

-ectomy

separate

cell

condition of cells

skin

pain

expanding; dilating

removal of

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Suffixes (emesis–graphy)Suffix Meaning-emesis

-emia

-esthesia

-globin

-gram

-graph

-graphy

vomiting

blood

sensation

protein

a recording

recording instrument

process of recording

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Suffixes (ic–malacia)Suffix Meaning-ic

-ism

-itis

-kinesia

-logist

-lysis

-malacia

pertaining to

condition; disease

inflammation

movement

one who practices

destruction of

softening

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Suffixes (mania-pathy)Suffix Meaning-mania

-megaly

-oid

-opia

-ostomy

-para

-pathy

obsession

enlargement

like; resembling

vision

opening

bearing

disease

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Suffixes (penia-phrenia)Suffix Meaning

-penia

-pepsia

-pexy

-phage

-phobia

-phonia

-phrenia

deficiency

digestion

fixation

eating; devouring

fear

sound

of the mind

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Suffixes (phylaxis-rrhaphy)Suffix Meaning

-phylaxis

-plasty

-plegia

-pnea

-ptosis

-rrhagia

-rrhaphy

protection

surgical repair

paralysis

breath

falling down; drooping

heavy discharge

surgical suturing

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Suffixes (rrhexis-tropia)Suffix Meaning

-rrhexis

-spasm

-stasis

-stenosis

-tomy

-trophy

-tropia

rupture

contraction

stopping; constant

narrowing

cutting operation

nutrition

turning

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Apply Your KnowledgeUsing various word parts, build terms for the following meanings.

Meaning Term

•Absence of blood

•Bluish color of hands and feet

•Equal vision in both eyes.

•Fast heart.

•Breakdown of sugar.

anemia

cyanosis

isopia

tachycardia

glycolysis

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Apply Your Knowledge Part 2Using various word parts, build terms for the following meanings.

Meaning Term

•Lack of white blood cells.

•Softening of bone.

•Inflammation of a vein.

•Nerve pain.

•Science of skin and its diseases.

leukopenia

osteomalacia

phlebitis

neuralgia

dermatology

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Combining Forms [acetabul (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•acetabul(o)

•aden(o)

•adip(o)

•alveol(o)

•angi(o)

•arthr(o)

•aur(i)

cup-shaped hip socket

gland

fat

air sac, alveolus

vessel

joint; articulation

ear

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Combining Forms [blephar (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•blephar(o)

•brachi(o)

•bucc(o)

•calcane(o)

•celi(o)

•cephal(o)

•cheil(o)

eyelid

arm

cheek

heel bone

abdomen

head

lip

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Combining Forms [chir (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•chir(o)

•chol(e)

•dactyl(o)

•dent(i)

•encephal(o)

•enter(o)

•gingiv(o)

hand

bile

fingers, toes

tooth

brain

intestines

gum

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Combining Forms [gloss (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•gloss(o)

•gnath(o)

•hidr(o)

•ile(o)

•ili(o)

•labi(o)

•lapar(o)

tongue

jaw

sweat

ileum

ilium

lip

abdominal wall

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Combining Forms [lip (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•lip(o)

•my(o)

•ocul(o)

•odont(o)

•onych(o)

•oo

•oophor(o)

fat

muscle

eye

tooth

nail

egg

ovary

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Combining Forms [orchi (o),orchid (o)]Combining Form Meaning

•orchi(o), orchid(o)

•ot(o)

•ped(o), pedi

•phleb(o)

•pil(o)

•pod(o)

•proct(o)

testis

ear

foot; child

vein

hair

foot

anus

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Combining Forms [psych (o), psyche]Combining Form Meaning

•psych(o), psyche

•rachi(o)

•rhin(o)

•somat(o)

•trachel(o)

•trich(o), trichi

•vesic(o)

mind

spine

nose

body

neck

hair

bladder