bus1mis management information systems semester 1, 2012 week 4 lecture 1
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BUS1MIS Management Information Systems
Semester 1, 2012
Week 4 Lecture 1
Administration
Online Quiz – Tutorial 2 (theory), Week 4
• 25 multiple choice and true/false questions• Conducted during tutorial time or at home• Becomes available on Thursday 22th March at 9am• Remains available for a week• BUT – you only get one chance• 50 minute time limit• Tests Chapter 1, Section 1.1 p. 3 – 13 and Section 1.2• Textbook can be used
Essentials of IS: Hardware and Software
Why should a business manager take any interest in hardware and software?
Ref: Appendix B, on-line website for the text
At some stage an investment in hardware and software will be required. The investment may be a significant one.There are better and worse times to make the investment.The investment needs to be protected.
Why not just call in an IT consultant?
Why not indeed. However, a business manager with no knowledge of hardware and software requirements, and current trends and prices, cannot effectively oversee the consulting process.
Essentials of IS: Hardware and Software
Learning Objectives
• Describe the six major categories of hardware and provide an example of each.
• Identify the different computer categories and explain their potential business uses.
• Explain the difference between primary and secondary storage.• List the common input, output, storage and communication devices• Describe the eight categories of computers by size• Define the relationship between operating system software and utility
software
Essentials of IS: Hardware and Software
Information technology
Hardware Software
physical devices associated with a computer system
set of instructions executed by the hardware to achieve a task
A computer is `an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate, and store data’.
Hardware
6 categories
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Primary storage
• Secondary storage
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Communication devices
Central processing unit (CPU) RAM
ROM
Memory = read only memory (ROM) + random access memory (RAM)
CPU = control unit + arithmetic logic unit
ROM is permanent and cannot be changed (can only be read from)
RAM can change ( read from and written to) and is volatile (the contents are lost when the power is turned off)
Memory size is measured in bytes
Processing (clock) speed is measured in cycles per sec (Hertz)
The number of bits that can be processed by the CPU is the word length of the machine (e.g. 32-bit (4 Byte) machines, 64-bit machines (8 Byte) etc
The trend is towards faster processing, by physically smaller CPUs with larger word lengths and larger random access memory
1 kilobyte (KB) ~ 1,000 bytes1 megabyte (MB) ~ 1,000 KB1 gigabyte (GB) ~ 1,000 MB1 terabyte(TB) ~ 1,000 GB) <etc>
CPU and Primary Memory
The trend is towards as much memory as you can afford
CPU and Primary Memory
Check out the CPU and Primary Memory at:
http://dicksmith.com.au/product/XC7831/hp-pavilion-dv6-6027tx-notebook
RAM
ROM
Hard drive Secondary storage
Permanent, typical size 180 GB, 500 GB, 1TB for magnetic disc [hard drive]
Different mediamagneticoptical
CD-ROM, CD-RW,DVD etc
Memory stick~800MB to ~17GB
Up to ~64GB
Primary storage
RAM
ROM
Hard drive Secondary storage
Input devices
manual automated
keyboard
mouse
scanner
<etc>
Primary storage
RAM
ROM
Hard drive Secondary storage
Input devices
Primary storage
output devices
Flat screen technology is replacing the older CRT technology
Laser and inkjet printers
issues: running costs and speed
RAM
ROM
Hard drive Secondary storage
Input devices
Primary storage
output devices
communication devicesallows communication between this computer and others carrier technology can vary (table B.9)
e.g. modem
Issue: rate of data transfer (bandwidth)
Computer Software
System Software Application Software
Operating system + utility software
Controls the application software, controls the connected hardware
Extra functionality e.g. anti-virus software, anti-spam software etc
The software that you use to do things (applications)
•Word processing•Web browsing•Image processing•Spreadsheet modelling•Database •<etc>•<etc>
e.g. Windows, Mac OS X, Linux e.g. Norton’s Utilities
Open sourced vs. proprietary software
Computer Software
EXCEL
Operating system
MS-WORD
printer
keyboardmousemonitor
Random Access Memory
Multitasking : more than one application running at the same time
Computer types [categories]
•PDA [personal digital assistant]
•Laptop
•Tablet
•Desktop
•Minicomputer
•Mainframe
•Supercomputer
See fig B.11
increasing physical size
increasing cost [although laptops tend to be a little more expensive that a corresponding desktop]
increasing processing power
In general …
Most relevant to small business …
…and larger organisations
What happens when you turn your computer on?
CPU
ROM
1. Some basic instructions, stored in ROM, are executed, e.g. check memory, identify and check the attached devices,
2. Load the operating system into RAM
RAM
3. Run the operating system (OS)
output device
input device
secondary storage device
4. … then the OS awaits developments!
OS files here
What happens when you turn your computer off?
CPU
ROM
RAM
output device
input device
secondary storage device
All the contents of RAM are lost!
… only the contents of ROM remain
Hardware and Software: Issues
When acquiring a computer system you should consider
… your requirements
… compatibility with your existing systems
… your budget
When dealing with an IT consultant you need to have some understanding of technical issues such as
… operating and application software
… processing speed and memory size
…storage media and storage capacity
… automated and manual input
… softcopy and hardcopy output
The three exercises described at the end of Appendix B, Hardware & Software Basics, illustrate some of these issues
… off the shelf vs a customised solution
Hardware and Software: Humour
Blackberry – PDAOrange – phone company in the UK
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAG39jKi0lI
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