by, rutika r. channawar. content introduction open handset alliance minimum hardware requirements...

Android

By, Rutika R. Channawar

ContentIntroductionOpen Handset AllianceMinimum Hardware RequirementsVersionsFeatureArchitectureAdvantagesDisadvantages

IntroductionAndroid is a software platform and operating

system for mobile devices.

Based on the Linux kernel.

It is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.

Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA

Open Handset AllianceFirst Established In 5th November

2007.

It is a consortium of several companies.

With the goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.

Their 1st product is “Android” (An Open Source Mobile Device).

Companies In OHA

Minimum Hardware Requirements

528 MHz Processor

128 MB RAM

256 MB Flash

VersionsBeta :- On 5th November 2007 Android 1.0

Cupcake:- On 30th April 2009 Android 1.5 (Used Linux kernel version 2.6.27)

Donut:-On 15th September 2009 Android 1.6(Used Linux kernel version 2.6.29)

Éclair:- 26th October 2009 Android 2.01.6(Used Linux kernel version 2.6.29)

VersionsFroyo(Frozen Yogurt):- May 20 2010 Android 2.2 Linux-

2.6.32

Ginger Bread:-December 6 2010 Android 2.3 Linux 2.6.35

Honeycomb:-Feb 22 2012 Android 3.2 Linux Kernel 2.6.36

Ice Cream Sandwich:- Android 4.0 19 Oct 2011 Linux Kernel Version 3.0.1

Jelly Belly:- June 27 2012 Android 4.1 Linux Kernel 3.0.31

FeaturesIntegrated BrowserOptimized GraphicsMessagingData StorageConnectivity

Web Browser Media SupportMailingMaps GPS NavigationDevelopment EnvironmentAndroid Market

Features

Features

ArchitectureLinux Kernel

Libraries & Android Runtime

Application Framework

Applications

Linux KernelAndroid Architecture is based on Linux 2.6

kernel.

It helps to manage security, memory management, process management, network stack and other important issues.

User should bring Linux in his mobile device as the main operating system.

Android RuntimeIt was designed specifically for Android

running in limited environment.

Which converts generated byte code from .jar to .dex file.

Conversion From .jar to .dex

.java

.class .jar .dex

LibrariesSet of native libraries written in C/C++.

They are responsible for stable performance of various components.

Surface Manager is responsible for composing different drawing surfaces on the mobile screen.

Application Framework Application Framework is written in Java language.

It is a toolkit that all applications use. It has several components.

The Activity Manager manages the life circle of the applications and provides a common navigation back stack for applications

The Package Manager keeps track of the applications, which are installed in the device.

Development ToolsJavaAndroid SDK:-

Class Library Developer Tools Emulator and System Images Documentation and Sample Code

Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development

Tool) Reduces Development and Testing Time Makes User Interface-Creation easier Makes Application Description Easier

AdvantagesOpen

All applications are equal.

Breaking down boundaries.

Fast and easy development

DisadvantagesSecurity

Open Source

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