camera basics

Camera Basics Day 1- Shutter Speed Day 2- Aperture Day 3- Light meter and Manual Mode Day 4- ISO

What 2 mechanisms allowlight into a camera?

Aperture and Shutter Speed

SHUTTER SPEED

• Controls the amount of light that is allowed into the camera by the amount of time it is left open

This can effect:-Motion captured--Lightness or darkness of the photograph

Fast Shutter Speed• 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000• The faster the shutter speed, the

more likely it is that you will be able to “freeze” the subject

• ….but also the less light you are letting in

Non-moving subject**

Slow Shutter Speed• 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/30• The slower the shutter speed,

the more likely it is that your subject will be blurred

• ….but also the more light you are letting in

Safest Shutter Speeds

• No lower than 1/30-1/45 s

• If you must take a picture using a shutter speed of 1/30 or below than you need to use a tripod or set the camera on a flat surface.

Slow Shutter = Blurred Motion

1/60, 1/30,1/15, 1/8…….

Fast Shutter = Frozen in Time

1/250, 1/5001/1000, ………..

How to Pan• Set the shutter at about

1/45*• Following the action

while you are taking the picture

• Release the shutter and continue following the action

B• The “B” on your

shutter stands for bulb, this allows the shutter to stay open as long as your finger is on the camera

• Used mostly for night photography

• Use a tripod if you are using the B

Shutter Speed Control Mode-On the Cannons- TV-On the Fujifilms- S

Combat the issue of under exposure with aperture*

Where to find it on the camera

Shutter Speed Review• Give me a thumbs (up down or in the middle) if…

• You remember what shutter speed is

• You remember what type of shutter speed to use if your subject is moving quickly (fast or slow)

• You remember what type of shutter speed lets in MORE light (fast or slow)

• You remember when you should use a tripod

• Bonus: Your remember what the “B” stands for

• Challenge: When in AV/ shutter speed control mode, what your camera changes to combat any exposure issues…..

APERTURE• Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through

which light passes.• Controls how much light comes into the camera (the intensity

of light)• Film Camera Lenses

EYE get it!• Works like an eye• What happens to your pupil when

you go in the dark?• Your eye gets larger to let in more light

• What happens to your pupil when someone shines a flashlight at it?• It gets smaller, doesn’t let as much light in

Aperture= F-Stop= lens opening• F-stop = Focal length/Aperture diameter

• F-stop= F 2.8 – F 22

f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22

The f-stop with the LARGEST FRACTION The f-stop with the LARGEST FRACTION is going to let in the MOST amount of lightis going to let in the MOST amount of light

Fractions in Art?

Fractions in Art?• The f-stop with the LARGEST FRACTION is going to let in the MOST

amount of light

f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22

1/2 is larger than 1/22 1/2 is larger than 1/22

f/2f/2 f/22f/22

What does changing the aperture do to the photograph?

Depth of Field The area of your photograph that is in sharp focus, the areas in front of and behind your subject

Large (Great) Depth of Field• The subject and the background will be in focus

Small Aperture hole – Think about SquintingLarge Number – F/16 or F/22

Small (Shallow) Depth of Field• The subject BUT NOT the background will be in focus

Large Aperture Hole – Allowing more lightSmall Number – F/2.8 – F/4

How do Depth of Field and Aperture Work Together?

Another way to look at Depth of Field

Aperture Control Mode-On the Canons- AV-On the fujifilms- A

Combat the issue of under exposure with shutter*

Where on the cameras…

Lets go to the commons!

F /5.6

F/ 9

F/ 13

F /2.8

F/ 8

F /11

Aperture and Shutter Review• Are the two things that control the amount of light that

reaches the film

• You need a correct combination of both in order to let in the right amount of light

• Shutter speed controls the amount of time light has to enter the camera

• Aperture controls the amount of space light has to enter the camera

• Lets look at the cannons on MANUAL MODE

Manual Modes• Get in groups around the cameras, no more than 3 people to

a camera• Canons first• Now Fujifilms

Videos to Review Aperture and Shutter Speed

shutter- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnl55vfUChY

aperture - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34ReeL-MBXk&list=PLp-znpQge8HxrllwXwn9B0Xxf1f7BQnXC&index=3 – depth of field one - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3zdybilbCY&list=TLHI-fhf_0LvE01I3jffSFrG4_FTrHdxZV

How do you know if you have to correct amount of light in your camera????

LIGHT METER• Measures light levels within the area you are

photographing

Proper Exposure

Changing the Exposure• To get the proper amount of light (your light meter

reading in the middle) you change aperture and shutter speed.

• Reciprocal System- Once you know the correct combination of shutter and aperture, you can change one setting as long as you change the other setting to match it- i.e. let in the proper amount of light

For example…

f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/16 f/22 f/22

1/4 1/3 1/15 1/4 1/3 1/15 1/30 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500FasterSlower

ISO• International Standards

Organization• It is how sensitive the

camera is to light

ISO• The HIGHER the ISO number ( FASTER film) the more sensitive

the camera is to light, BUT the grainier the image

• The Lower the ISO number the less sensitive the camera is to light, BUT the clearer the image

• IDEAL film is 200/400 (less grainy)• But you need good light

If outside and really bright, set it to 100

If outside and cloudy or dim,set to 200-400

If dark or inside, set it to 800 – 1600

There is a CATCH… grainy

Cannon components of exposure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=no-zxb3cDio

3 basics of photography http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-NhJua5NFA

Fill out the exposure Triangle and Chart

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SR4yg4irbo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SR4yg4irbo

The virtual camera sites and corresponding worksheetMake exit slip for end of the period on Friday, watch more cannon videos