canadian history
Post on 20-May-2015
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History of Canada
European Colonization through Canadian
Independence
Political Map of Canada Today
How the land was divided up back then
The First Europeans in Canada
• Spanish • Interested in gold• Settled in SW USA, Mexico, Florida,
and South America
The First Europeans in Canada (continued)
• British• Interested in land• 1497 – John Cabot founded
Newfoundland• Also settled along eastern coast of
US – 13 colonies
The First Europeans in Canada (continued)
• French• Interested in fur and fur trade• 1534 – Jacques Cartier – 1st to St.
Lawrence River and claimed it for France
• 1608 – Samuel de Champlain – established first colony in Quebec
French/British Conflict-caused by fur trade
• French – Catholic• Treaty of Utrecht
gave them South of the Hudson Bay and the St. Lawrence region
• British – Protestant
• Treaty of Utrecht gave them Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay Territory
Canada’s Coat of Arms
Seven Years War – 1754(French and Indian War)
British won because:1. More colonies2. Greater military help3. Indians helped British (Iroquois –
strongest tribe in east)
Important Dates
• 1759 – Battle of Quebec – British took Quebec• 1763 – Treaty of Paris – Britain got complete control of
Canada• As a result, some French left for France, some stayed
but resisted British culture• At first, British wouldn’t let French vote of hold office• The first two British governors wanted French
cooperation, so they gave in.• 1774 – Quebec Act – Quebec and Ontario – French
allowed to keep their Catholic religion, French language, and French culture
Great Britain’s Problem
• Around the same time, the Revolutionary War was going on in the US.
• Some Americans remained loyal to the British and moved to Canada, but they didn’t like the French influence.
Great Britain’s Solution
• Divided the land into two colonies:1. Upper – British – Ontario2. Lower – French – remained
in Quebec• War of 1812 – French and British
worked together against the US who tried to invade Canada
After the War of 1812
• French Canadians and British Canadians hated British rule
• They felt that Great Britain was too far away to understand their needs.
• So…1837 – Louis Papineau organized a revolt to establish Quebec as a separate country
• Result of revolt: British easily defeated Papineau
Road to Canadian Independence
• Britain sends Earl of Durham• Canadians want:
1. more control over government2. All Provinces to unite
• G.B. only wanted Quebec and Ontario to unite. All provinces together could create a successful rebellion
British/North American Act
• July 1, 1867Results:1. Canada was still subject to British rule2. Canada had their own central
government3. Now they could solve their own
problems4. Happened without a war
Canada – A Nation
• People moved west to the plains region and established successful farms
• 1886 – Transcontinental Railroad• 1896 – found gold and minerals in
Yukon Territory• Canada was on its way to wealth and
importance
Canada’s Flag
20th Century Problems
• WWII – built factories for war supplies (clothes, shoes, etc.)
• Immigrants poured in from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Caribbean
20th Century Problems
• Industrialization brought old conflicts:1. British wanted factories in Quebec, French didn’t
2. 1976 – French were tired of being part of Canada – wanted independence
3. 1982 – new constitution – in response to French wanting a bilingual country – two official languages: French and English
4. Canadian government modeled after British parliament – constitutional monarchy
Symbols of Canada
Bilingual Canada
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