case study of it in action: virginia tech and digital libraries sla 1999 state of the art november...

Case Study of IT in Action:Virginia Tech andDigital Libraries

SLA 1999 State of the ArtNovember 19, 1999Washington, D.C.

Edward A. Fox fox@vt.edu

CC CS DLRL Internet TIC

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Acknowledgements (Selected)

Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF, OCLC, US Dept. of Education, …

Co-PIs: Marc Abrams, Robert Akscyn, John Eaton, Brian Kleiner, Gail McMillan

Students: Fernando Das Neves, Robert France, Neill Kipp, Paul Mather, Constantinos Phanouriou, James Powell, Ohm Sornil, David Watkins, Chang Zhang, Jianxin Zhao

Remember!

5S (to understand and build DLs)

NDLTD (join! support!)

NUDL (help establish)

CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

How do universities anddigital libraries relate?

Each U. will have its own digital library. Hence there will be large numbers (i.e., critical mass).

All students will learn how to use and how to “feed” digital libraries (and bring those habits to future work as needs and skills).

All digital library problems (esp. federation, flexibility, personalization) appear at U’s (so they are a good type of testbed, with willing collaborators in-place for developing solutions).

Digital Libraries --- Virginia Tech MARIAN (NLM) CS DL Prototype - ENVISION (NSF, ACM) TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC) DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM) WATERS, NCSTRL (NSF) NDLTD (SURA, US Dept. of Education) CSTC (NSF, ACM) CRIM (NSF, SIGMM) WCA (Log) Repository (W3C) VT-PetaPlex-1 (Knowledge Systems)

Virginia Tech Background Largest university in Virginia, land-grant, town population

35K plus 25K students Blacksburg Electronic Village, since 1992, with 80% of

community on Internet Net.Work.Virginia, largest ATM network, with over 600 sites,

for education, research, govt LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution Service, gigabit wireless

networking - 1/3 of Virginia Math Emporium, 500 workstations Faculty Development Initiative, round 2

Supporting Authors (Teachers and Learners)

FacultyDevelop.Initiative

ETDSupport

Virginia TechDigital Library

UniversityLibraries

Classifying/Cataloging/Preserving

Collaboration

Visualization

MM

IR

EPub

HCI

Model Classroom of the 21st CenturyTechnology Showcase ATM Video Conf. Develop MM

New MediaCenter

Dig. Library & Archives

ACITC Advanced Communications and Information Technology

Center, opening summer 2000 Connects to the library, with a focus on IT 1/3 high-tech (multimedia) classrooms 1/3 digital/electronic library (reading room) 1/3 research labs: 10, including:

– Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL)– Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities– HCI; HPC; Multimedia; Visualization (CAVE), ...

Digital Libraries --- Objectives

World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: streams,

structures, spaces, scenarios, societies Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery Disintermediation -> Collaboration Universities Reclaim Property Interactive Courseware, Student Works Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful

Computing (flops)Digital content

Com

mun

icat

ions

(ban

dwid

th, c

onne

ctiv

ity)

Locating Digital Libraries in Computing andCommunications Technology Space

Digital Libraries technologytrajectory: intellectualaccess to globally distributed information

less more

D ig ita l L ib ra r y C o n te n t

A rtic le s ,R e p o rts,

B o o ks

T e xtD o cum e n ts

S p ee ch ,M u s ic

V id eoA u d io

(A e ria l)P h o tos

G e og rap h icIn fo rm ation

M o d e lsS im u la tio ns

S o ftw a re ,P ro g ra m s

N o te :A b ove is fo r

1 hu m ang e no m e.

G e no m e2 0 Tb ytes1 0x3 .5 B bp0 .5K b/bp

B ioIn fo rm ation

2 D , 3 D ,V R ,C A T

Im ag es a ndG ra p h ics

C o nte n tT yp e s

DLs Shorten the Chain from

Editor

Publisher

A&I

Consolidator

Library

Reviewer

DLs Shorten the Chain to

Editor

A&I

Digital

LibraryReviewer

DLs Shorten the Chain to

Author

Reader

Digital

LibraryEditor

Reviewer

Teacher

Learner

Librarian

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

DLs: Why of Global Interest? National projects can preserve antiquities and heritage:

cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly Knowledge and information are essential to economic and

technological growth, education DL - a domain for international collaboration

– wherein all can contribute and benefit

– which leverages investment in networking

– which provides useful content on Internet & WWW

– which will tie nations and peoples together more strongly and through deeper understanding

NUDL

1/15/99 NUDL proposal to NSF under DLI2 international program– VT: Library, Grad School, Industrial&Systems Eng.– Partners: UK (2) , Singapore, Russia, Korea, Greece, Germany,

plus Iberoamerican group (Spain, Portugal, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico)

– Problems: Multilingual search, multimedia submissions, requirements/usability, …

Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware, ...

National Coverage (red/white)

NUDL Partners

Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates, Universidad de Chile, Chile José Luis Brinquete Borbinha, Biblioteca Nacional, Portugal José Hilario Canós Cerdá, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Stavros Christodoulakis, Technical University of Crete, Greece Lautaro Guerra Genskowsky, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria,Chile Juan José Goldschtein, Univesidad de Belgrano, Argentina Peter Diepold, Humboldt University, Germany Francisco Javier Jaén Martinez, Spain Sung Hyon Myaeng, Chungnam National University, Korea Ana Maria Beltran Pavani, Prédio Cardeal Leme, Brazil Lim Ee Peng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Alexander I. Plemnek, St.-Petersburg State Technical University, Russia J. Alfredo Sánchez, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Mexico

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

DL Challenges *

Preservation - so people with trust DLs Supporting infrastructure - networks, ... Scalability, sustainability, interoperability DL industry - critical mass by covering libraries,

archives, museums, corporate info, govt info, personal info - “quality WWW” integrating IR, HT, MM, ...– Need tools & methods to make them easier to build

How to Build a Digital Library

Understand the problem (using the 5S

Framework)

Solve the problem (using the Star

Methodology)

– design, develop, evaluate,

– refine, operate

5S Layers

Societies

Scenarios

Spaces

Structures

Streams

Definition: Digital Libraries are complex systems that

help satisfy info needs of users (societies) provide info services (scenarios) organize info in usable ways (structures) present info in usable ways (spaces) communicate info with users (streams)

Definition: 5S Framework Societies: interacting people (, computers) Scenarios: services, functions, operations, methods Spaces: domains + constraints (e.g., distance,

adjacency): 2D, vector, probability Structures: relations, trees, nodes and arcs Streams: sequences of items (text, audio, video,

network traffic) (5 Element System: Fire, Wood, Earth, Metal, Water)

5S: Components

Societies: roles, rituals, reasons, relationships, artifacts Scenarios: acquire, index, consult, administer, preserve Spaces: physical, temporal, functional, presentational,

conceptual Structures: architectures, taxonomies, schema,

grammars, links, objects Streams: granularities, protocols, paths, flows,

turbulences

5S: Combinations

Societies + Scenarios = user model Societies + Scenarios + Spaces = user

interface Streams + Structures = markup Streams + Structures + Scenarios = object Structures + Scenarios = DBMS

Star Methodology

Neill Kipp Dissertation

Training interested groups about 5S and the Star Methodology, refining the Framework to have solid mathematical foundation

Case studies of projects at Virginia Tech or involving VT staff/students: CSTC, NDLTD, NARA (National Archives, with SAIC), Lexis, ...

Open also to study DL projects elsewhere Focusing too on the design artifacts developed and related

issues of efficient description and representation (esp. with markup, hypermedia)

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

A Digital Library Case Study *Domain: graduate education,

researchGenre:ETDs=electronic

theses & dissertationsSubmission: http://etd.vt.eduCollection:

http://www.theses.org

Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) www.ndltd.org

=> Open Archives

(by authors)

Digital Libraries

SGML (1985)

PDF(1992)

NSF DLI (1994)

LibraryCancellations

(1988)

UniversityScholarlyElectronic

Pub. (1988)

Info.Literacy(1995)

ImprovingEducation Internet

(1984)

WWW(1994)

Multimedia(1986)

Media

ETD Web Sitehttp://www.ndltd.org/

ETDs Got Your Interest?

Graduate Students

Singapore AMChronicle of Higher Ed.National Public RadioNY Times ...

U. Laval

Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure

Scalability

Education is the rationale

University collaboration

Workflow, automation

Authors must submitMaximal access

PDF, SGML, MMStandards

Federated search

8th graders vs. grads

MARC, DC, URNs

What led to today’s meeting? 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10

universities with 3 reps each 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library

(MEL): SURA, SOLINET 1994 mtg in Blacksburg re ETD project: std of PDF + SGML

+ multimedia objects 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) for

regional, national projects 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...

Aiding universities to enhance grad educ., publishing and IPR efforts

Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations

Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)

What are we doing?

What are the long term goals? 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are

exposed / involved 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into

electronic portfolios Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: lit.

reviews, bibliographies, … Services providing lifelong access for students:

browse, search, prior searches, citation links

ETDs: Library Goals *Improve library services

–Better turn-around time –Always available

Reduce work –catalog from e-text –eliminate handling: mailing to UMI, bindery prep,

check-out, check-in, reshelving, etc.Save space

NDLTD

Computer Resources

Research

Literature

Student Prepares Thesis or Dissertation

Student Defends and Finalizes ETD

My Thesis

ETD

Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD

Signed

Grad School

Graduate School Approves ETD Student is Graduated

Ph.D.

Library Catalogs ETD and New StudentsHave Access to the New Research

WWW

NDLTD

Status of the Local Project Approved by university governance Spring

1996; required starting 1/1/97 Submission & access software in place Submission workshops for students (and

faculty) occur often: beginner/adv. Faculty training as part of Faculty

Development Initiative Over 2000 ETDs in collection

Archiving ETDs *

Every 15 minutes back-ups made of not-yet-approved submissions

Hourly back-ups of newly approved ETDs

Weekly back-ups of entire ETD collection

Copies stored on-site and off-site

VT ETD Cataloging * same as current cataloging policies, except:

– author-assigned keywords (not LCSH)– generic (not LC) call no.– fields/subfields as required for computer files– full abstracts

time savings– cataloger familiar with computer files– equipment, software for word processing– 5 minutes avg. (10-15 minutes for paper TDs)

Library Costs * $12/vol. for paper thesis processing

– catalog, bind, security strip, label, shelve– @950 vols./yr. = $11,466

$3.20/vol. ETD processing– cataloging @950 vols./yr. = $3040

$.07/vol. shelving $.04/vol. circulation

Costs/Savings at VT *

Graduate School stopped shipping to the library 3000 copies of paper TDs/year

Library stopped binding, shelving, and circulating 3000 copies of TDs/year

166 ft of shelf space saved/year by the library VT used existing equipment in Library (vs. start-up

costs for staff, hardware and software from from a zero-base estimate: $65,000 – see http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/)

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

Institutional Members

Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Committee on Inst. Coop. (CIC - for Big 10) Diplomica.com Dissertation.com National Library of Portugal UNESCO Organization of American States (OAS) Ibero-American Science, Technology and Education Consortium

(ISTEC)

US University Members * University of Hawaii, Manoa U. of Iowa U. of Maine U. of Oklahoma U. of South Florida U. of Tennessee, Knoxville U. of Tennessee, Memphis U. of Texas at Austin U. of Virginia U. Wisconsin - Madison Vanderbilt U. Virginia Commonwealth U. Virginia Tech - required since 1/97 West Virginia U. - required beginning fall 1998 Worcester Polytechnic Inst.

Air University (Alabama)Cal TechClemson UniversityCollege of William & MaryConcordia University (Illinois)East Tenn. State UniversityFlorida Institute of Tech.Florida International UniversityGeorge Washington UniversityMichigan TechMITNaval Postgraduate School (CA)North Carolina State U.Penn. State UniversityRochester Institute of Tech.U. of FloridaU. of Georgia

Australian Project Members

U. New South Wales (lead institution)U. of MelbourneU. of QueenslandU. of SydneyAustralian National UniversityCurtin U. of TechnologyGriffith U.

German Project Members

Humboldt University (lead institution)3 other universities5 learned societies1 computing center2 major libraries

Other International MembersChinese University of Hong KongChungnam National U., Dept of CS (S. Korea)City University, London (UK)Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany)Free University of Berlin (Germany - Vet. Med.)Gyeongsang National U. (Korea)India Institute of Technology, Bombay (India)Nanyang Technological U. (Singapore, part)National U. of Singapore (Singapore, part)*National Library of PortugalPolytechnic University of Valencia (Spain)Rhodes U. (South Africa)St. Petersburg St. Tech.U (Russia)Univ. de las Américas Puebla (Mexico)U. Laval; U. of Guelph; U. Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada)

Usage of ETDs in VT Collections *1996 1997 1998 1999

Jan-Aug

Total

requests

37,171 247,537 465,974 907,104

Daily

Requests

102 685 1,722 3,121

Abstract

requests

25,829 112,633 177,647 143,056

Hosts

served

9,015 22,725 28,022 52,663

Popular Works 1996458 Seevers, Gary L. Identification of Criteria for Delivery of Theological Education Through Distance Education: An International Delphi Study (Ph.D., Educational Research and Evaluation, April 1993; 1353Kb)

432 Hohauser, Robyn Lisa. The Social Construction of Technology: The Case of LSD (MS in Science and Technology Studies, Feb. 1995; 244Kb)

390 Childress, Vincent William. The Effects of Technology Education, Science, and Mathematics Integration Upon Eighth Grader's Technological Problem-Solving Ability (Ph.D. in Vocational and Technical Education, July 1994; 285Kb)

310 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2Mb)

287 Sprague, Milo D. A High Performance DSP Based System Architecture for Motor Drive Control ( MS in Electrical Engineering, May 1993; 878Kb)

165 Wallace, Richard A. Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology (MS in Sociology, Nov. 1993; 479Kb)

150 McKeel, Scott Andrew. Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow (Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, Feb. 1996; 3Mb)

Popular Works 19979920 Liu, Xiangdong. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns in Scanned Halftone Pictures (Ph.D. in Computer Science, May 1996; 6.6Mb)

7656 Petrus, Paul. Novel Adaptive Array Algorithms and Their Impact on Cellular System Capacity (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, March 1997; 5Mb)

2781 Agnes, Gregory Stephen. Performance of Nonlinear Mechanical, Resonant-Shunted Piezoelectric, and Electronic Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structures (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Sept. 1997; ? + 7926Kb)

2492 Gonzalez, Reinaldo J. Raman, Infrared, X-ray, and EELS Studies of Nanophase Titania (Ph.D. in Physics, July 1996; 4607Kb)

1877 Shih, Po-Jen. On-Line Consolidation of Thermoplastic Composites (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Feb. 1997; 3.3Mb)

1791 Saldanha, Kevin J. Performance Evaluation of DECT in Different Radio Environments (MS in Electrical Engineering, Aug. 1996; 3.2Mb)

1431 DeVaux, David. A Tutorial on Authorware (MS in CS, April 1996; 2.3Mb)

1394 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2518Kb)

Popular Works 1998

K-accesses Mbytes Degree Year Dept Tables/Figures Author

75, 12, PhD, 1997, ME, 38/174, Maillard 56, 6.5, PhD, 1996, CS, 8/93, Liu 20, 3.9, PhD, 1997, EE, 9/121, Laster 15, 4.9, PhD, 1997, CpE, 17/127, Tripathi 12, 6.6, MS, 1997, EE, 7/96, Nicoloso 6.7, 4.6, PhD, 1996, Physics, 8/62 (32 color),

Gonzalez

International Use 1996 1997 1998 850 2992 8170 United Kingdom 608 2,501 4223 Australia 346 2378 7373 Germany 713 2367 3970 Canada 387 1264 2201 South Korea 463 1161 4431 France 250 725 2553 Italy 191 867 2781 Netherlands 183 1130 1449 Brazil 22 967 1089 Thailand 83 958 1414 Greece

Who are sponsors / cooperators? Funding, Donations of hardware/software

– SURA– US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)– Adobe Systems– IBM– Microsoft– OCLC

Others Serving on Steering Committee– National/Regional Projects: Australia, French

speaking group, Germany, IberoAmerica (ISTEC), UK (UTOG)

– CGS, National Lib. Canada, NSF, OAS, SOLINET, UMI, UNESCO, ...

How does this relate to UMI?

1987 UMI workshop to explore ETDs Support letter for US Dept. of Ed. proposal Steering and technical committee membership ProQuest Direct pilot of scanning works started

1/1/97, free 2 yr access to front part Collaborating on:

– accepting electronic author submissions– standards (e.g., representation), research

ETD Initiative (and UMI)

StudentsLearn aboutDL, EPub

TDsbecome more

expressive

N. Amer. (T)Ds areaccessible, archived

Global TDsbecome more

accessible,archived

UMI

Universities

User Search Support(multilingual, XML)

NDLTD W orld FederatedSearch

V irg in ia Tech ...(un iv)

U M I ...(corporate)

O hioL ink(lib / un iv group)

Portugese N L ...(national lib)

Austra lia(reg ional)

UserInterface

Note: All groups shown are connected with NDLTD.

Interoperability Tests Planned IBM DL: donated equipment, technical support,

powerful IPR (see TOIS, D-Lib) Z39.50: OCLC SiteSearch / VT tailored s/w

– university libraries w. catalogs of freely shared MARC records pointing to archival copies

– via URNs: handles & PURLs Dienst / NCSTRL - www.ncstrl.org: CS depts.,

DARPA, NSF, CNRI, Cornell - UVA is working on extensions for ETDs - Portugal is studying use for Europe - VT is working on Dienst to Z39.50 gateway

Access Approaches

Goal: Maximize access and services, e.g., by encouraging:

UMI centralized services Distributed service: Dienst, Z39.50 Regional services (e.g., OhioLink, AZ/NM) Local servers with browse, search

– From local catalogs to local archives WWW robot indexing and search services

Why might a university want to be involved?

To improve graduate education / better prepare your students / increase their knowledge and visibility

To unlock university information To save money for students and for the

university / improve workflow To build an important digital library

How can a university get involved?

Select planning/implementation team– Graduate School– Library– Computing / Information Technology– Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.

Send us letter, give us contact names Adapt Virginia Tech solution

– Build interest and consensus– Start trial / allow optional submission

Contact Our Project Team

E-mailetd@ndltd.org

Phone CallVisit

Video Tape

Convene Local Planning Group

ETD

Build Local ETD Site

Digital Library

Policies

Inspection/Approval

Workshop/Training

ETD

ETD

Type 1 Members University Requires ETDs

Adobe Acrobat and/or XML/SGML tools Automated submission & processing Archive/access through UMI, (OCLC,)

Virginia Tech, ... (Local) WWW site, publicity (Local) Assistance provided as requested:

email, phone, listserv(s)

Type 2 Members University Agrees to Require ETDs

Like Type 1 but set date not reached Usually has an option or pilot May: wait for new AY; start with all who enter

after; … Build grass roots support

– Advisory committee: representative? expert?– Champions to spread by word of mouth– Approval: Senates, Commissions, Deans, Students– Publicity to reach community

NDLTD Members, Types 3-7

3. Part of university requires ETDs4. University allows ETDs5. University investigating, has pilot6. University consortium joins:

– CIC (Big 10 coordinating body)7. Non-university organization joins

– CNI (Coalition for Networked Info.)

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

Support Services Developed

WWW site with > 300 Mb, CD, videotape Automated submission system (MySQL, UNIX,

WWW scripts - grad school/library) Student guidelines, style sheets, multimedia training

materials, FAQs, press info SGML and XML DTDs for ETDs SGML to HTML (web generator) LaTeX, Word templates, converters

Accessibility Activities / Plans

Interface design (simple, 3D, VR) Usability studies Generic multi-lingual support Support for those with disabilities Hybrid collection (paper, MARC,

abstracts, full-text, multimedia) Disciplinary classifications, tools Visualization of results, collection

SPIRE Visualization

Envision Results Window *

Repository of Digital Objects *

RepositoryAccessProtocol

handle

Digital object

terms and conditions

Support Offered

Software, documentation, tech support Email, listservs (etd-l@listserv.vt.edu, -eval, -

grad, -library, -technical) Donations: Adobe, Microsoft Evaluation: instruments, analysis

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu - solutions/statistics (Temporary storage / archiving; aid - in setting up

an int’l service & archive)

PetaPlex

Digital Library Machine (“super” object store)

Parallel computer / storage utility for scale of 1000 to 1,000,000 gigabytes (terabyte/petabyte)

Knowledge Systems Incorporated is supplying VT-PetaPlex-1 with

– high speed backbone connection (OC-12)

– 2.5 terabytes through 100 “Nanoservers”:

– Network connection + IBM 25GB disk + 233 MHz Pentium II + Linux

PetaPlex Complex

FRONT END MACHINERS/6000, 1G RAM, 4 Proc.

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver Nanoserver

Nanoserver

Nanoserver Nanoserver

Service

Machine 1

Service

Machine 2

Service

Machine 3

Service

Machine 4

PetaPlex Service Machines

Small object server Large object server

– video on demand– streaming audio

Information retrieval server Proxy / cache server (e.g., 1 terabyte server

of 1000 worldwide for Comsat/Intelsat)

PetaPlex Top View

4 ft.

side

PetaPlex Side View

4 ft. wide

8 ft.

high

Roles:* Support* Cooling* Power

15

shelves

PetaPlex Cost Goals, Approach Maximize number of seeks achievable Maximize % of cost invested in disks Maximize flexibility, composability, reliability Minimize cost per unit of storage

Approach “information utility” Increase throughput and reliability by replicating on other

PetaPlex systems Use robotics, wireless, and commodity production of

nanoservers

Enhancements

Dublin Core spec, MARC crosswalk DTDs for SGML, XML(+ <discipline>ML) Annotation system (author, friends, notes) Routing system (based on Sift) Multilingual WWW site, training materials (Spanish

recently done in Valencia) Better federated search (w. Z39.50, planned with

Dienst and Harvest - maybe MARIAN)

Relationship with publishers

Concern of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times

Solution: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL

Solution: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access– AAP, AAUP– AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier, ...

Some responses from publishers

ACM: need to acknowledge copyright Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright IEEE-CS: endorse initiative ACS: After first publication, can release Textbook publishers: different market,

manuscript significantly reworked General: restricting access to local campus will

not cause any problems

For professional societies

Like “writing across the curriculum” Besides writing: computing/communications,

information literacy, personal digital library management, tool use, research methods, collaboration, archiving/preservation

Data sets, communities of users of them Classification systems / browsing / searching NRC’s “On becoming a researcher”

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

SMETE Library -> NSDL(from www.dlib.org)

Context: Global movement toward Digital Libraries (see April 1998 CACM)

NSF effort: Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (focussed on undergraduates)– 3 workshops, yearly increasing funds / new calls

SMETE Library likely to operate as distributed federation, with separate parts for each key discipline, and to lead to a global effort

MARIAN

Multiple Access Retrieval of Information with Annotations

(Marian the Librarian …) Evolved from CODER system to a distributed

Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC), then DL backend, now becoming a full DL system

From C/C++ to Java Future: NDLTD, NUDL, PetaPlex

MARIAN Layers

Database Layer

Search Engine Layer

User Information Layer

User Interface Layer

User User User User

ENVISION

NSF “A User-Centered Database from the Computer Science Literature” (1991-93)

Collected bib/typesetter data, converted to SGML Scanned thousands of page images MARIAN search engine - can be made available (also

applied to the Virginia Tech library catalog) used as part of a prototype object-based DL, with tailored visualization interface (L. Nowell dissertation)

NSF Education Innovation (EI) NSF “Interactive Learning with a Digital Library in

Computer Science” (1993-98) 45 online courses (esp. Internet, IR, MM,

Professionalism, overall EI project pages): 100+K accesses/wk

Tools: SWAN (visualization), QUIZIT Evaluation

– traditional– network logging and analysis– tools for visualization

Digital Library Courseware

http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~dlib/ WWW pages or large PDF copy files Online quizzes based on book by Michael Lesk

(Morgan Kaufmann Publishers) Contents based on book, with several other popular

topics added (e.g., agents) Separate pages to supplement: Definitions,

Resources (People, Projects), and References

CS -> CSTC -> CRIM NSF and ACM Education Committee are funding a 2

year project “A Computer Science Teaching Center” - CSTC - http://www.cstc.org/

College of NJ, U. Ill. Springfield, Virginia Tech Focus initially on labs, visualization, multimedia Multimedia part is also supported by a 2nd grant to

Virginia Tech and The George Washington University: http://www.cstc.org/~crim/ (with curricular guidelines also under development)

Browsing (1)

Browsing (2)

CS Teaching Center (CSTC) Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages,

that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units.

Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested.

Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built. (See NSF SMETE-Lib Study at http://www.dlib.org/smete/public/smete-public.html)

OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD

– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions

CSTC, CRIM Conclusion

Enhancing Learning with DLs

DigitalLibraries

In te rac tiveExperiences

E n hanc ingL earning

N D L T DN e tw o rke d D L

o f Th e se s &D isse rta tio ns

S tu de n t P o rfo liosS e lf-A rch iv ing

G ra y L ite ra tu re(D e p t. o f E d u c .)

W 3 C W C AR e p o s ito ry

L o g s, T oo ls,P u b lica tio ns

C S T CC S

T e a ch ingC e n ter

C R IMC u rricu lu mR e so u rcesIn te r. M M

C o m p u terS c ie n ce

(w ith N S Fa n d A C M )

DigitalLibraries

In te rac tiveExperiences

E n hanc ingL earning

Enhancing Learning with DLs

DigitalLibraries

A u tho ring(te x t, m arku p ,h yp erm ed ia ,

ca ta lo g in g -D C )

S u b m itt ingW o rk (E T D )(M eta da ta ,P D F , X M L)

P re serv ing(u s in g s td s,m ig ra tin g ,

ve rs ion in g)

A dd ing toD ig ita lL ib ra ry

(s tu de n t)

D isco ve rin g ,B ro w s in g ,S e a rch in g ,R e trie v ing

A nn o ta tin g ,D o w n lo ad in g ,

In s ta llin g ,F e e db a ck

5 S F ra m e w o rk:S o c ie tie s ,S ce na rio s,

S tre am s,S p ace s,S tru ctu res

U s in gD ig ita l L ib ra ry

(d ire c t)(in fo lite ra cy)

In d ire c tly U s ingD ig ita l L ib ra ry(e m b ed de d,b y ag en t, ...)

U s in g DLC o n ten ts (to o ls,d a ta se ts , en v 's,co u rse w a re , ...)

C o lla bo ra tion(in /a ro u nd D L

a n d its a rt ifa c ts -d is tan ce e du c .)

O th erIn te rac tiveL e arn ingA c tiv it ies

In te rac tiveExperiences

E n hanc ingL earning

Future Work - 1 of 3 Working with publishers to increase level of access as

much as possible Interoperability tests among universities and with UMI

to provide integrated services Study with testbed that emerges, to improve

information retrieval, browsing, interface, and other types of user support

Evaluation, improving learning experience, spread to worldwide initiative, sustainable support and coordination

Future Work - 2 of 3 Adding services currently prototyped

– annotation and SDI (routing) capabilities– Dublic Core metadata, crosswalk to MARC– support with IBM DL, OCLC SiteSearch

Adding other services planned– building and using citation database (w. SFX)– implementing plagiarism check (like “SCAM”)

Developing NUDL as a sustainable self governing global institution (w. committees)

Future Work - 3 of 3 Working with ACM on a journal to supplement

CSTC Extending the human infrastructure for CSTC

– integrate demos etc. into submission process solicitation, review, improvement

– description (metadata), certification (quality)

– selection, adaptation, reuse

Publish an agreed-upon curriculum for IM

Remember!

5S (to understand and build DLs)

NDLTD (join! support!)

NUDL (help establish)

CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL