categorize organisms below: dogcatcat fish lionwolfapple tree dandelionslizard sharkmousedeer
Post on 03-Jan-2016
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Categorize organisms below:Categorize organisms below:
DogDog CatCat Cat fishCat fish
LionLion WolfWolf Apple treeApple tree
DandelionsDandelions LizardLizard
SharkShark MouseMouseDeerDeer
TaxonomyTaxonomy
ClassificationClassification and and namingnaming of living things of living things
1700’s: Carolus Linnaeus1700’s: Carolus Linnaeus
Grouped organisms in Grouped organisms in hierarchical categorieshierarchical categories based based on on structuralstructural similarities. similarities.
Devised a 2-part system to Devised a 2-part system to give organisms a give organisms a scientific scientific namename..
Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature
2 – part naming system.2 – part naming system.
11stst part: part: Genus (generic)Genus (generic)
22ndnd part: part: species (specific)species (specific)
Written in Written in italicsitalics and genus is and genus is capitalizedcapitalized..
Example: humans- Example: humans- Homo sapienHomo sapien
Modern Linnaean SystemModern Linnaean System
DDomainomainKKingdomingdomPPhylumhylumCClasslassOOrderrderFFamilyamilyGGenusenusSSpeciespecies
““KKingingPPhilliphillipCCameameOOververFFororGGoodoodSSoup”oup”
HumansHumansEukaryaEukarya
AnimaliaAnimalia
ChordataChordata
MammaliaMammalia
PrimataPrimata
HomindaeHomindae
HomoHomo
SapienSapien
Homo sapienHomo sapien
DandelionsDandelionsEukaryaEukaryaPlantaePlantaeMagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaMagnoliopsidaMagnoliopsidaAsteralesAsteralesAsteraceaeAsteraceaeTaraxacumTaraxacumOfficinaleOfficinale
Taraxacum officinaleTaraxacum officinale
6 Kingdoms6 Kingdoms
1.1. ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria
2.2. EubacteriaEubacteria
3.3. ProtistaProtista
4.4. FungiFungi
5.5. PlantaePlantae
6.6. AnimaliaAnimalia
ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria
Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells
Heterotrophic and autotrophic Heterotrophic and autotrophic by chemosynthesisby chemosynthesis
EubacteriaEubacteria
ProkaryoticProkaryotic
UnicellularUnicellular
Heterotrophic and autotrophic Heterotrophic and autotrophic by photosynthesis and by photosynthesis and chemosynthesischemosynthesis
ProtistaProtista
EukaryoticEukaryotic
Mostly unicellular, few Mostly unicellular, few multicellularmulticellular
Not fungus, plant, or animalNot fungus, plant, or animal
Examples: ameoba, Examples: ameoba, parameciumparamecium
FungiFungi
Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Unicellular or MulticellularUnicellular or Multicellular
Heterotrophs that absorb Heterotrophs that absorb rather than ingestrather than ingest
Examples: mushrooms, Examples: mushrooms, mildews, moldmildews, mold
PlantaePlantae
Eukaryotic Eukaryotic MulticellularMulticellularPhotosynthetic Photosynthetic Develop from embryosDevelop from embryosExample: mosses, ferns, Example: mosses, ferns, flowering plantsflowering plants
AnimaliaAnimalia
EukaryoticEukaryoticMulticellularMulticellularHeterotrophsHeterotrophsDevelop from embryosDevelop from embryosExamples: birds, mammals, Examples: birds, mammals, reptilesreptiles
Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key
Used to classify and identify Used to classify and identify organisms based on observable organisms based on observable characteristics, such as characteristics, such as structure and behavior.structure and behavior.
Lists specific characteristics in Lists specific characteristics in opposing pairs.opposing pairs.
Phylogenic TreePhylogenic Tree
represents the represents the hypotheseshypotheses of of the the evolutionaryevolutionary relationships relationships between groups of organisms.between groups of organisms.
CladogramCladogram
a a phylogenicphylogenic tree that compares tree that compares shared and derived characteristics.shared and derived characteristics.
Shared characteristicShared characteristic: feature : feature that that allall members of a group have. members of a group have.
Derived characteristicDerived characteristic: feature : feature that that evolvedevolved only with the specific only with the specific group.group.
A. What characteristics does a A. What characteristics does a cladogram compare?cladogram compare?
Homologous structuresHomologous structures
Embryological featuresEmbryological features
Molecular similaritiesMolecular similarities
B. What do cladograms assume?B. What do cladograms assume?
That organisms that share That organisms that share derived characteristics, derived characteristics, inherited them from a common inherited them from a common ancestor.ancestor.
C. What do cladograms show?C. What do cladograms show?
Which organisms shared a Which organisms shared a more recent common more recent common ancestor, NOT “who ancestor, NOT “who evolved from whom”evolved from whom”
D. Do cladograms show definitive, D. Do cladograms show definitive, proven evolutionary relationships?proven evolutionary relationships?
No, it shows a hypothesis and No, it shows a hypothesis and can be modified as discoveries can be modified as discoveries are made.are made.
How to read a cladogram:How to read a cladogram:
OutgroupOutgroup: : first group; does not first group; does not share any features with the rest share any features with the rest of the groupsof the groups..
Nodes:Nodes: represent a common represent a common ancestorancestor..
Branches:Branches: trace new derived trace new derived characteristicscharacteristics..
top related