cell energy
Post on 04-Jan-2016
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Cell EnergyBy: Amber Tharpe
ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate
• High energy molecule that stores and releases energy for cell processes when needed
ATP• Energy “currency” for the cell• Get it by breaking down food
–Mostly carbohydrates (glucose)
• When a phosphate is removed from ATP and added to another molecule
• Turns ATP to ADP• Releases energy• ATP ↔ ADP + P + energy
Uses of Energy
• Build cell parts• To maintain homeostasis• Movement• Active transport across cell membrane
Autotroph HeterotrophMake own food through photosynthesis
Eat other organisms- plants and/or animals
plants animals
The Sun is the Main Source of Energy
•All organisms get their energy either directly, or indirectly from the sun
Photosynthesis
•Process that plants use to capture energy from sunlight to store as sugar
• Chlorophyll
–Molecule in chloroplasts that absorb energy from sunlight
–Make plants appear green
• Chloroplast
–Membrane bound organelle where photosynthesis occurs
• Thylakoid
–Membrane containing chlorophyll
• Stroma
–Fluid inside chloroplast
Light Dependent Reactions
• Takes place in the thylakoid• Requires light• Chlorophyll captures energy
from the sun• Water molecules are split• Oxygen is given off
Light Independent Reactions
• Aka Calvin cycle or carbon fixation
• Occurs in the stroma• Does not require light• Carbon dioxide is used to make sugar (glucose)
Photosynthesis
•Total Reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration• Reverse reaction of photosynthesis• Releases energy from carbon-
based molecules to make ATP• Aerobic
–requires oxygen• Occurs in the mitochondria
Glycolysis• 1st stage of cellular respiration• Occurs in the cytoplasm• Anaerobic
–Does not require oxygen• Splits glucose into 2 pyruvates
• Makes 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle• Occurs in the matrix of the
mitochondria
• Pyruvate is broken down further
• Carbon dioxide is released
• 2 ATP are made
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
• Series of proteins embedded in the cristae that make energy
• Electrons make ATP as they go through the proteins
• Oxygen is consumed
• Water is given off as waste
• Lots of ATP are made
Cellular Respiration
• Total Reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• 36 ATP are produced
Fermentation• Anaerobic breakdown of sugar• Still goes through glycolysis• Produces carbon dioxide and
alcohol• 2 types
–Alcoholic–Lactic acid
Fermentation• Less efficient than cellular respiration
• continues glycolysis
• Makes only 2 ATP
Uses of Fermentation
Alcoholic
• Brewing
• Baking
• Carbonating
Lactic Acid
• Sore muscles
• Souring milk
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