cellular mutation

CELLULAR MUTATION

MUTATIONSA mutation is: any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Sickle cell disease

Causes of mutations•Mutagens

•X-Rays without protection

•Radiation

•Errors during DNA replication or during crossing over in meiosis

Types of mutations:

Two types of mutations:

Base substitution: Insertion/Deletion:

The replacement of one base or nucleotide with another, does not always cause a mutation

More serious type of mutation,effects which amino acids are formedduring DNA replication

Cancer as a type of

mutation

Mutagens, which cause mutations have another formcalled carcinogens which cause cancer

For example: lung cancer.

Tobacco smoke contains over 50 carcinogenswhich can lead to lung (picture), larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, esophagus and pancreas cancer

However, not all mutations are bad

Camouflage

Color variation

Help in fending off predators

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/33/40473313_d88db653f4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flickr.com/photos/renatadiem/40473313/&usg=__IRka_TquhJvwUe_yO6295LtcqmY=&h=375&w=500&sz=64&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=zI4arWgKMv6N1M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnature%26as_st%3Dy%26as_rights%3D(cc_publicdomain%257Ccc_attribute%257Ccc_sharealike%257Ccc_noncommercial%257Ccc_nonderived)%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1&safe=strict

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/238/521549368_4a5b129e26.jpg

Images by:

Google images, creative commons

http://willsimpson.org/images/image13.jpg

Information by:

James McLaren. Biology Exploring Life 2005

Wikipedia