ceramics in oil exploration

• Petroleum Petroleum ExplorationExploration

• Challenges with Challenges with Corrosion, Corrosion, Abrasion, and Abrasion, and PressurePressure

• Materials Materials AlternativesAlternatives

Ceramics Used in Oil Ceramics Used in Oil ExplorationExploration

World Areas of GrowthWorld Areas of Growth

• (NSA)-North and (NSA)-North and South America South America AreasAreas

• (ECA)-Europe, (ECA)-Europe, C.I.S. (Communist C.I.S. (Communist Independent Independent States) & Africa States) & Africa AreaArea

• (MEA)-Middle East (MEA)-Middle East Area Area

• (ASA)-Asia Area(ASA)-Asia Area

Potential Growth for Potential Growth for Next Couple YearsNext Couple Years

• Forecast on Forecast on deepwater (1500 deepwater (1500 ft+) for 1999-ft+) for 1999-20042004

• New Growth New Growth forecast in various forecast in various parts of the worldparts of the world

TOP 5 MAJOR PLAYERS IN TOP 5 MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE ENERGY SERVICES THE ENERGY SERVICES INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

• HalliburtonHalliburton• SchlumbergerSchlumberger• Weatherford Completion SystemsWeatherford Completion Systems• National OilwellNational Oilwell• B.J. ServicesB.J. Services

MAC Emphasis is with MAC Emphasis is with Environment Interaction of Environment Interaction of EquipmentEquipment

• Deep Sea Water Deep Sea Water Equipment Equipment Interaction.Interaction.

• Petroleum Pressure Petroleum Pressure Variations Inside Variations Inside Piping.Piping.

• Metrological Metrological Differences in Differences in Aggregate Geology Aggregate Geology of Hole.of Hole.

Goal Depth of Drilling Goal Depth of Drilling over 20 Year Timelineover 20 Year Timeline

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1987 1991 1997 2002 2007

Hole Depth(in Ft.)

Down Hole Environment Down Hole Environment IssuesIssues

• CorrosiveCorrosive• High AHigh Abrasive Solids brasive Solids

in Suspension in Suspension • High Intense HeatHigh Intense Heat• Intense Hydrostatic Intense Hydrostatic

PressurePressure• Extreme Variance in Extreme Variance in

ViscosityViscosity

Down Hole LimitationsDown Hole LimitationsPlaced on CurrentPlaced on Current

Existing Metal Materials Existing Metal Materials

CorrosionCorrosion

BucklingBuckling

DisintegrationDisintegration

ShearingShearing

Down Hole Environment Down Hole Environment ChallengesChallenges

• Horizontal Horizontal Drill into Drill into Vertical Oil Vertical Oil pocketspockets

• Hole Hole PressuresPressures

Geology ChallengesGeology Challenges

• Hardness Hardness GradientsGradients

• Particulate Particulate EntrapmentEntrapment

• Mineral Mineral InteractionInteraction

• Penetration at Penetration at Angled DirectionsAngled Directions

Deep Water Applications Deep Water Applications for MACfor MAC

• (BOP) Blow Out (BOP) Blow Out PreventorPreventor

• Matrix Drilling Matrix Drilling HeadsHeads

• Perforation Perforation GunsGuns

Deep Water Alternatives Deep Water Alternatives for Ceramicsfor Ceramics

• Split Shot CoversSplit Shot Covers• Ceramic Pipe Ceramic Pipe

ComponentsComponents• Gaskets in Gaskets in BOP BOP

Annular Annular PreventersPreventers

DRILLING HEADSDRILLING HEADS

• Ceramic Ceramic Cutting Cutting Inserts for Inserts for HeadsHeads

• New New Brazing Brazing Metals for Metals for InstallationInstallation

Additional Ceramic Additional Ceramic Petroleum ApplicationsPetroleum Applications

• Pumps Pumps [[Ceramic ZrOCeramic ZrO22 Liners Liners for Trenchless Pumps]for Trenchless Pumps]

• NozzlesNozzles• PlungersPlungers• HydroclonesHydroclones• Downhole Logging Downhole Logging

CountersCounters• Geiger CountersGeiger Counters

Additional Metals Additional Metals ApplicationsApplications

• Braze Alloys on Braze Alloys on Thicker Parts in Thicker Parts in Deeper Deeper ExplorationExploration

• Braze Metals for Braze Metals for ABA on smaller ABA on smaller partsparts

• Scallop Charge Scallop Charge HoldersHolders