ch. 3-1: chemical compounds in cells key concepts: define elements and compounds. explain how water...

Ch. 3-1: Chemical Compounds in CellsKey Concepts: Define elements and compounds. Explain how water is

important to the function of cells. Identify the four main kinds of organic compounds in living things.

Discover Activity: What is a Compound? See if you can match up the following compounds with their common names and

chemical names.

1. Sodium bicarbonate _______________________________________2. Calcium carbonate _______________________________________3. Sodium chloride _______________________________________4. Zinc oxide

_______________________________________5. Hydrogen oxide _______________________________________

Write a definition for what you think a chemical compound is: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Elements and CompoundsAn element is any substance that

cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

When two or more elements combine chemically.

The smallest unit of any compound is called a molecule.

Water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water.

Elements

Compounds

Compound Called Water

Elements and Compounds

•Compounds that contain carbon.

•Compounds that don’t contain carbon.

Organic Compounds

Inorganic Compounds

Organic CompoundsEnergy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Sugars: produced during food-making process that takes place in plants.

Starches: Complex carbohydrates that your body breaks down into glucose

that cells use to produce energy.Energy-rich organic compound made of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Cells store energy in lipids for later use.

Example: hibernating bear

Carbohydrates

Examples of Carbohydrates

Lipids

Organic CompoundsLarge organic molecules made of

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur.

Made up of small molecules called amino acids.

The order of the amino acids determines the structure of the

different protein. Proteins form different structures of cells: cell membrane and different

organelles. Enzymes are proteins that speed up

chemical reactions.

Proteins

Structure of Proteins

Functions of Proteins

Organic Compounds•Very large organic molecules made of

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

•Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.

Plays an important role in the production of proteins.

Nucleic Acids

RNA

Genetic material that carries information about an organism and is

passed from parent to offspring. DNA

Section 3-1 Assessment1. a. What is an element?

b. How is a compound different from an element? c. A molecule of ammonia consists of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. Is ammonia an element or a compound? Explain.

2. a. What three important functions does water perform in cells? b. Suppose a cell is seriously deprived of water. How might this lack of water affect the cell’s enzymes? Explain.

3. a. What are four types of organic molecules found in living things? b. Which of the four types of organic molecules contain the element nitrogen? c. An organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Could this compound be a carbohydrate? Could it be a protein? Explain.