chapter 12 earth, moon, and sun...12.3 phases, eclipses, and tides 12.4 earth’s moon table of...
Post on 27-Sep-2020
12 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
12.1 Earth in Space
12.2 Gravity and Motion
12.3 Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
12.4 Earth’s Moon
Table of ContentsChapter Preview
12.1 Earth in Space
12.2 Gravity and Motion
12.3 Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
12.4 Earth’s Moon
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
1. What is the source of most of Earth’s heat and natural light?a. the moonb. Earth itselfc. the sund. stars other than the sun
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
1. What is the source of most of Earth’s heat and natural light?a. the moonb. Earth itselfc. the sund. stars other than the sun
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
2. What force keeps Earth in motion around the sun?a. friction between Earth and the planetsb. gravity between Earth and the moonc. friction between Earth and the sund. gravity between Earth and the sun
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
2. What force keeps Earth in motion around the sun?a. friction between Earth and the planetsb. gravity between Earth and the moonc. friction between Earth and the sund. gravity between Earth and the sun
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
3. How many natural satellites does Earth have?a. oneb. twoc. sixd. dozens
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
3. How many natural satellites does Earth have?a. oneb. twoc. sixd. dozens
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
4. What causes day and night?a. the tilt of Earth’s axisb. the sun moving behind the moonc. Earth’s movement around the sund. Earth’s rotation on its axis
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Chapter Preview Questions
4. What causes day and night?a. the tilt of Earth’s axisb. the sun moving behind the moonc. Earth’s movement around the sund. Earth’s rotation on its axis
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Imagine that you are looking up ata full moon in the sky. Why is themoon so bright? Does the moonproduce its own light, like a flashlight, or does its light come from somewhere else? Explainyour reasoning.
What events are caused by the motion of Earthand the moon?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Origins
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
aequalis equal equinox
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
crater large mixing bowl crater
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
gravitas weight, heaviness gravity, gravitation
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
luna moon lunar eclipse, lunar highlands
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
mare sea mare, maria
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
solaris sun solar eclipse
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Latin Word Meaning Key Terms
umbra shade, shadow umbra, penumbra
Latin Word Origins
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Apply It!
Review the Latin words and meanings in the chart. Look at themeaning of crater. Predict what a crater might be if it were seenon the surface of the moon. Revise your definition as needed.
Sample: I have seen photographs of the moon and have seen large holes in the surface that are probably craters and have a bowl shape.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
End of Chapter Preview
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Section 1:Earth in Space
How does Earth move in space?What causes the cycle of seasons on Earth?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
How Earth MovesEarth moves through space in two major ways: rotation and revolution.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
How Earth MovesEarth moves through space in two major ways: rotation and revolution.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Sunlight Striking Earth’s SurfaceNear the equator, sunlight strikes Earth’s surface more directly and is less spread out than near the poles.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Seasons on EarthEarth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolvesaround the sun.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Seasons on EarthThe height of the sun above the horizon varies with the season.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Seasons Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about the seasons.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
End of Section:Earth in Space
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Section 2:Gravity and Motion
What determines the strength of the force of gravity between two objects?What two factors combine to keep the moon and Earth in orbit?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity, Mass, and DistanceThe strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
As a rocket leaves a planet’s surface, the force of gravity between the rocket and the planet changes. Use the graph to answer the following questions.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
Four million newtons
Reading Graphs:
What is the force of gravity on the rocket at the planet’s surface?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
One million newtons
Reading Graphs:
What is the force of gravity on the rocket at a distance of two units (twice the planet’s radius from its center)?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
Nonlinear. The graph is a curve.
Making Generalizations:
According to the graph, is the relationship between gravity and distance linear or nonlinear? Explain.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
It decreases.
Drawing Conclusions:
In general, how does the force of gravity pulling on the rocket change as the distance between it and the planet increases?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity Versus Distance
0.16 million newtons, or 160,000 newtons
Predicting:
What would the force of gravity on the rocket be at a distance of five units?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Gravity and InertiaNewton concluded that two factors–inertia and gravity–combine to keep Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around Earth.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Links on Gravity
Click the SciLinks button for links on gravity.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
End of Section:Gravity and Motion
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Section 3:Phases, Eclipses,
and TidesWhat causes the phases of the moon?What are solar and lunar eclipses?What causes the tides?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Motions of the MoonThe changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, and sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Phases of the MoonThe phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
The Moon’s OrbitThe moon’s orbit is tilted about 5 degrees relative to Earth’s orbit around the sun.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Solar EclipseA solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Lunar EclipseDuring a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight fromreaching the moon’s surface.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Moon Phases and Eclipses Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about moon phases and eclipses.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
TidesTides occur mainly because of differences in the force of gravity between the moon and different parts of Earth.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Spring and Neap TidesWhen Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a straight line, a spring tide occurs. When the moon is at a right angle to the sun, a neap tide occurs.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
End of Section:Phases, Eclipses,
and Tides
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Section 4:Earth’s MoonWhat causes the phases of the moon?What are solar and lunar eclipses?What causes the tides?
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
The Moon’s SurfaceFeatures on the moon’s surface include maria, craters, and highlands.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
The Moon’s SizeThe moon is 3,476 km in diameter, a little less than the distance across the contiguous Untied States.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
The Origin of the MoonScientists theorize that a planet-sized object collided with earth to form the moon.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
Links on Earth’s Moon
Click the SciLinks button for links on Earth’s moon.
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
End of Section:Earth’s Moon
Chapter 12 Earth, Moon, and Sun
QuickTake Quiz
Click to start quiz.
top related