chapter 15. democrats win presidency, senate, and house franklin delano roosevelt reform minded...
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NEW DEALChapter 15
Election of 1932 Democrats win Presidency, Senate, and
House Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• Reform minded• Friendly• Confident
• Forms Brain Trust refers to the group of academic advisers that FDR
gathered to assist him during the 1932 presidential campaign
develop an economic plan whose programs became the backbone of the New Deal
NEW DEAL Relief for needy, economic recovery,
financial reform RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM
First Hundred Days Passes over 15 major New Deal laws Emergency Banking Relief Act
• Treasury Department allowed to inspect banks Decides which are insolvent, sound or need loans PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN BANKS REVIVED
Fireside Chats• Radio talks explaining New Deal measures• 1st chat discussed need for public • support in government and banks
Banking and Finance Glass-Steagall Act
• Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Insures individual bank accounts, regulates
banking practices Federal Securities Act
• Companies must release all information on stocks
Rural Assistance Agricultural Adjustment Act, AAA
• Raises food prices • Lowers supply
Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA• Creates jobs renovating, building dams
Providing Work Projects Civilian Conservation Corps, CCC
• Public work jobs for young men Public Works Administration, PWA
• Money to states to create jobs
Civil Works Administration, CWA• Builds rural schools, pays teachers
Promoting Fair Practices• National Industrial Recovery Act, NIRA
establishes codes for fair practices for industries Creates National Recovery Administration
Sets standards, prices, limits production
• Food, Clothing, and Shelter Home Owners Loan Corporation
Gives loans to prevent foreclosures Federal Housing Administration
Gives loans for mortgages Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Direct relief to needy
Opposition to New Deal Deficit Spending – funds New Deal
• Spending more money than government takes in
Liberals:• New Deal does not do enough to help poor
or fix economy Conservatives:
• Socialism
Supreme Court Strikes down many measures of New
Deal as unconstitutional FDR proposes “Court-packing bill”
• Congress/Press protest• proposal in February 1937 to provide retirement
at full pay for all members of the court over 70. If a justice refused to retire, have an "assistant" with full voting rights was to be appointed
Starting in 1937, justices start to retire, FDR appoints 7 new justices
Father Charles Coughlin• Wants guaranteed income, banks
nationalized Dr. Francis Townsend
• Pension plan for elderly Huey Long
• Poised to run for president on his “Share Our Wealth” platform, Long was assassinated in 1935 at the age of 42
• designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people
Section 2 SECOND HUNDRED DAYS
• By 1935, economic recovery not as great as FDR hoped
• Launches 2nd phase: more relief for farmers, workers
• Eleanor Roosevelt, social reformer prods President
Election of 1936 Democrats win First time majority of African-
Americans vote Democrats FDR supported by Labor Unions
Focus on Farms 1936 - AAA replaced by Soil
Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act• Gives loan to small farms to buy land• Farm Security Administration
Loans to tenant farmers to buy land
Urban Areas Works Progress Administration, WPA
• Creates jobs on airports, roads, public buildings
• Women sew clothes for needy• Employs professional writers, artists,
performers National Youth Administration, NYA
• Education, jobs, counseling for youth• Gives aid to students in exchange for part
time work
Improving Labor Conditions
Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board• Replaces NIRA• Protects rights to join unions, collective
bargaining• Prohibits unfair labor practices
Fair Labor Standards Act• Set maximum hours, minimum wage
Social Security Act Insurance for retirees 65 and older Unemployment compensation Aid to disabled Aid to families with children
New DealChapter 15 Section 3, 4, 5
Effects of New Deal on Minorities
Women• FDR names several women to government
positions• Frances Perkins –
1st female cabinet member Secretary of Labor
• NRA – set lower wage codes for women• FERA and CWA – hired less women than
men• CCC – hired men only
African-Americans A Philip Randolph
• Organized 1st all black trade union Mary McLeod Bethune
• Headed Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration
• Organized “Black Cabinet” to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues
Eleanor Roosevelt – Civil Rights Activist FDR – never fully committed to civil
rights• NRA, CCC, TVA – lower wages for blacks
Native-Americans John Collier – Commissioner of Indian
Affairs
Indian Reorganization Act – moved away from assimilation toward autonomy
Changes in three areas• Economic• Cultural• Political
More effects MEXICAN-AMERICANS
LABOR UNIONS & URBAN AREAS
Migrant workers had no permanent address which disqualified them from government programs
Received lower wages than African-Americans
Put support behind FDR
Most religious groups supported FDR
ENTERTAINMENTGONE WITH THE WIND WAR OF THE WORLDS
1939 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8mM8iNarcRc
1938 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Xs0K4ApWl4g
FEDERAL ART PROJECT AUTHORS
WPA paid artists to product public art • Murals• Teach
John Steinbeck• Grapes of Wrath
Impact of New Deal 1937
• Economy had improved• Most felt Depression was ending• FDR scaled back programs to cut costs• Didn’t want to continue deficit spending
1939• Great Depression is over
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