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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CONCEPT MAP
CELL
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Structure, Function and Comparison
Organelles Non organelles
Nucleus Ribosome Chloroplast Vacuole Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Cell WallReticulum
Cell organization and specialization
2.1 Understanding Cell
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Do You Know Who is Robert Hooke?
Suggestion for experiment:
1. Prepare slide of onion epidermal cell and cells of Hydrilla sp. leaf to study a plant cell structure.
2. Prepare slide of human cheek cells to study an animal cell structure.
3. State the technique that you use in these experiment..
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Tips for you:1. All living organisms are made of cells.2. A cell is a basic unit of life .3. Plant cell differ from animal cell4. Each cell component has specific function
The first man introduced the term “cell” after viewing the cells of a piece of cork using a primitive light microscope
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
2.1.1 a) By using different colour, draw and match the organelles in a plant cell and in an animal cell below.
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Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion (dark blue)
Chloroplast (Green)
Golgi Apparatus( orange)
Nucleus (red)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (purple)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (brown)
Ribosome (black )
Vacuole (yellow)
Vesicles (light blue)
Plant CellAnimal Cell
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
b) List the organelles which hasi) single layer membrane ii) double layers membraneGolgi apparatus NucleusEndoplasmic reticulum mitochondriaRibosome Chloroplast
c) Identify organelles and non organellesi) organelles ii) non organelles
Golgi apparatus Plasma membraneEndoplasmic reticulum CytoplasmRibosome Cell wallNucleusmitochondriaChloroplastnucleolusvacuole
d) Complete structures ( organelle / part of cell ) and functions in table belowOrganelle / part of
cellFunction
Nucleus Controls the activities of the cell.Responsible for cell reproduction and repair of worn-out parts of the cell.
Chloroplast Absorb light for photosynthesis
Ribosome The main sites of protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Transports proteins made by the ribosomes through the cistemea
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Is the site of lipid and steroid synthesis
Golgi apparatus Processing, packaging and transporting phospholipids and glycoprotein
Mitochondrion Is the main site where aerobic respiration takes place to release energy for cell activities.
Vacuole Contains water and dissolved substances such as sugars and mineral salts.
Plasma membrane Controls the chemicals that enter or leave the cell. Allows only some substances to pass trough it and stops others.
Cytoplasm Supports the organelles such as mitochondria, vacuoles and chloroplast in the cell. Site where most of the cell activities and chemicals reactions take place.
Cell wall It protects and gives support to the cellIt gives the cell a regular shape.
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
2.1.2 Complete the similarities and the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
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2. cell wall absent
3. chloroplast absent
4. centriol present
An animal cell A plant cell
1. does not have a fixed shape 1. has a fixed shaped
2. cell wall present
3. chloroplast present
4. centriol absent
Both has 1. nucleus 2. motochondria 3. ribosome
4. rough endoplasmic reticulum
5. cytoplasm 6. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
7. membrane palsm8. golgi apparatus
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
2.1.3 Predict type of organelle which is found in large numbers in each cell shown below. Explain why.
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Organelle : mitochondria
Explanation : mitochondrion is a site for cellular respiration which release energy.Sperm cells require large amounts of energy to propel towards the uterus and fallopian tube during fertilization.
Sperm cell
Organelle : mitochondria
Explanation : mitochondrion is a site for cellular respiration which release energy.Nerve cells require large amounts of energy to bring impulse.
Nerve cell
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Muscle fibers
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Pancreas cells
Organelle : ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondriaExplanation : Ribosome : synthesis enzyme ( protein )Rough endoplasmic reticulum : transport proteinSmooth endoplasmic reticulum : synthesis and transport fatMitochondria : site for energy production to synthesis and transport protein
Organelle : mitochondria
Explanation : mitochondrion is a site for cellular respiration which release energy.Muscles require large amounts of energy to contract.
Mesophyll palisade cells
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
2.2 Appreciating the uniqueness of the cell.
2.2.1 State organelle which is involve in the process of protein synthesis such as enzyme in the passage below.
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Meristematic cells
Organelle: mitochondria
Explanation : mitochondrion is a site for cellular respiration which release energy.Meristematic cells require large amounts of energy to run mitosis.
Organelle : chloroplast
Explanation : absorbed light for photosynthesis
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
A genetic material for a type of enzyme will be synthesis found in nucleus / chromosome. Double Helix DNA open and a RNA chain which carry the material move out from nucleus to ribosome. Protein which has been synthesis by ribosome will be sent to rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to golgy apparatus by transport vesicle . From golgi apparatus protein which has been modified transported out of the cell and applied at targeted organs.
Base on the above statement what conclusion can be made?
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In a cell there are many types of organelles which cooperated to synchronize the function of the cell
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
2.2.2 a) Observe each electron micrograph below. Identify and label organelles which can be found.
Figure 6 (b)
b) What will happen if the organelles that you identified in figure 6 (a) and 6(b) does not present in the cell and state the effect .
No. Organelle effect of the absent
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Figure 6 (a)
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
1 Nucleus All cell activity cannot be controlled.
2 Golgi apparatus Synthesis of carbohydrates, glycoprotein and hormone cannot be finished.
3 Vesicle Protein which has been modified cannot be transport out of the cell.
4 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Synthesis and transported of fat and glycerol cannot be done.
5 Mitochondrion No energy produced
Any other possible answer Suitable answers
Exercise
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
1. Figure 1 shows the structure of an animal cell which can be seen under an electron microscope. P, Q, R and S are the structures in the cell. X is rod in shape and has 1mm to 2mm lengths
a) Label P, Q, R and S on the diagram.[ 4 markah]
P Nucleus Q vacuole R Plasma membrane S Chromosome
b) State the function for P, Q, R and SP : Control activity of the cellQ: Contain water, minerals and metabolic substances.R: Control the substances that enter or leave the cell.
S: Carry genetic material.[ 4 markah]
C) (i) Name organelle X.
Mitochondrion[ 1 markah]
(II) The number of organelles X in an animal somatic cell is differ from an animal gamete cell. Explain why Fact : Organelle X is a site for energy production. Explanation : male gamete( sperm ) cells active, need more energy to mobile for the process of fertilization compared to somatic cells which are not so active.
[ 2 markah]
d) (i) Name organelle Y which is a small particle and state where is it located.
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nucleus
vacuole
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Ribosome, located at rough endoplasmic reticulum
[ 1 markah]
(ii) State the functions of organelle Y
Site for protein synthesis [ 1 markah]
e) Describe the difference between Q in an animal cell with Q in a plant cell.
Q in an animal cell small in size, but in a plant cell the size is bigger.
[ 1 markah]
f) What will happen if this animal cell does not have organelle Y.
Protein / enzyme cannot be synthesis [ 1 markah]
CELL ORGANISATIONTEACHER’S GUIDE SCHEME
CHAPTER 6Amoeba sp.
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
No. Component Function1 Nucleus -carry genetic information
-Controls and regulates all the activities of the cell
2 Pseudopodium -for movement- surrounds and engulfs the food particle
3 Food vacuoles -contains enzyme for food digestion4 Contractile vacuole -collected and eliminated excess water //
regulated osmotic concentration of fluid cell 5 Cell membrane - regulates the movement of substances into
and out of the cell (only allows small molecules)
AMOEBA’S FEEDING
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1Amoeba approaches the food particle4
food is digested by digestion enzyme and
absorbed into cytoplasm
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Cell Organisation
Analogy of formation cell to tissue
Types of Celll Types of tissue The number of celll types
Cell x Tissue ROne type of cell
Cell y Tissue S
Two types of cell
Cell z Tissue T
Three types of cell
Exercise 1:
1. Fill in the coloumn with the number of cell type forming the R, S and T tissue2. What observation can be made about tissue?. :
(i) R …. Identical cell is formed one type of tissue, cell x(ii) S…. is formed by cell x and cell y(iii) T… Three types of cell are involved to form one tissue, cell x, cell y and cell
z.3. What inference can be made about tissue?
Tissue is formed by one or two or three types of cell 4. Give examples of tissue R, S and T
(i) R ….epitelium, cardiac, smooth muscle, adipose tissue(ii) S…. blood ( erytrocyte dan leucocyte)(iii) T….. nerve ( afferent neurone, efferent neurone and interneurone)
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3Formation of food vacuole
2Amoeba’s Pseudopodium surrounds and engulfs the food particles
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Exercice 2:Figure of SKIN
The Skin is an organ Base on figure, identify the tissues which are involved to form skin.
TissueEpitheliumNerveBloodErector muscle
Explain the importance of tissue specialisation on multicellular animals
To provide the need of organism from environment to cells in the body and from cells to environment.
Carry out specific task as : Role Description
(i) Transportation—blood tissue- erytrocyte transport oxygen from lungs to body
cells and carbon dioxide from cells to lungs through Blood Circulatory system
(ii) Digestion - tissue,epithelium secretes extracellular enzyme to digest complex substances into simple substances for absorption
(iii) Protection – epithelium tissue at skin to prevent from bacteria
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
- epithelium tissue at trachea to prevent from dust- adipose tissue at skin to protect heat lost - organ surrounded by adipose tissue to protect internal organ
(iv) Connection – nerves tissue- carry information from sensory organ to spinal cord
DRAW A SUITABLE DIAGRAM FOR THE TISSUE SHOWN
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AN
IMA
L TI
SS
UE
EP
ITH
ELI
UM
TIS
SU
EC
ON
NE
CTI
VE
TIS
SU
E
PE
NG
HU
BU
NG
MU
SCLE
TIS
SUE
OTO
TN
ERV
E TI
SSU
E
TYPICAL STRUCTURE
skin Body cavities At alementary canal
STRUCTURE :
blood Loose fibrous Compact bone
STRUCTURE :
Skeletel muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
STRUCTURE
Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron
Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
CELL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS
Assingment :
1. Identify the cell types that form the vascular tissue on the plant bulk.- tracheid and vessel xylem ( xylem tissue)- companion cell and sieve tube ( floem tissue)
2. Referring to the diagram, explain about the function of each tissue
Parenchyma tissue- store sugar and starch- gives support and shape to herbaceous plants
Sclerenchyma tissue- have cell walls which are uniformly thickened by lignin and may be dead- give support and mechanical strength to mature regions of a plant
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Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Vascular tissuexylem tissue
- transport water and dissolved minerals salts from the roots to the other parts of the plant
- thickened with lignin to provide support and mechanical strength to the plant
floem tissue- transport organic compounds such as newly synthesised carbohydrates
and amino acids in the leaf to other parts of the plant.
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