chapter 3. family structure
Post on 02-Jun-2018
229 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
1/20
CHAPTER 3
FAMILY STRUCTURE
1
ESSB4263 FAMILY COUNSELLING
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
2/20
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
To identify the traditional family
structure
To identify the types of family structure
To identify the roles and relationship of
family
To identify the family functioning
2
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
3/20
What is Family Structure?
Family structure is the invisible set offunctional demands that organizes the ways inwhich family members interact. A family is asystem that operates through transactional
patterns. Repeated transactions establishpatterns of how, when, and with whom torelate, and these patterns underpin thesystem.Minuchin (1974)
3
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
4/20
What is Traditional Family
Structure?
Traditional family structure is considered a familysupport system involving two married individuals
providing care and stability for their biologicaloffspring.
The family is created at birth and establishes tiesacross generations. Those generations, the
extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents,and cousins, can hold significant emotional andeconomic roles for the nuclear family.
4
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
5/20
Families
Families - organizationally complex emotional systems. comprise at least threefour generations. A family attempts to
arrange itself into functional or enabling group so that it can meet itsneeds and goals without preventing members from meeting theirindividual needs and goals (Kantor & Lehr 1975).
A family develops rules that outline and allocate the roles and
functions of its members. Those who live together develop patterns fornegotiating and arranging their life's to maximize harmony andpredictability.
Affection, loyalty, and a continuity or durability of membershipcharacterize all families. When these qualities are challenged, in crisissituation or severe conflict , families are typically resistant to change,
likely to engage in corrective maneuvers to reestablish familiarinteractive patterns.
All families promote positive relationships among members, attend topersonal needs of their constituents, prepare to cope withdevelopmental or maturational changes ( children leaving home) aswell as unplanned or unexpected crises (divorce, death, a suddenacute illness).
5
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
6/20
Family Types
1. Nuclear family
The nuclear family has been considered the "traditional" family sincethe communist scare in the cold war of the 1950s.
The nuclear family consists of a mother, father, and the children.
The two-parent nuclear family has become less prevalent, and pre-American and European family forms have become more common.
These include homosexual relationships, single-parent households,adopting individuals, and extended family systems living together.
The nuclear family is also choosing to have fewer children than in thepast.
The percentage of married-couple households with children under 18has declined to 23.5% of all households in 2000 from 25.6% in 1990, and
from 45% in 1960.
6
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_structure_in_the_United_States
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
7/20
Family Types-cont.
2. Single parent
A single parent (also termed lone parent or sole parent) is a parent who caresfor one or more children without the assistance of the other biological parent.
Single-parent families often resulted from death of a spouse, for instance inchildbirth.
Single-parent homes are increasing as married couples divorce, or as
unmarried couples have children. The percentage of single-parent households has doubled in the last three
decades, but that percentage tripled between 1900 and 1950.
The sense of marriage as a "permanent" institution has been weakened,allowing individuals to consider leaving marriages more readily then they mayhave in the past.[6] Increasingly single parent families are due to out ofwedlock births, especially those due to unintended pregnancy.
7
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
8/20
Family Types-cont.
3. Step FamiliesStepfamilies are becoming more familiar
nowadays especially in America.
Divorce rates are rising and the remarriage
rate is rising as well, therefore, bringing twofamilies together making step families.
Statistics show that there are 1,300 newstepfamilies forming every day. Over half of
American families are remarried, that is 75%of marriages ending in divorce, remarry.
8
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
9/20
Family Types-cont.
4. Extended family The extended family consists of grandparents, aunts,
uncles, and cousins.
The extended family comes to live either with or in placeof a member of the nuclear family (ex: elderly parents
who move in with their children due to old age). Among certain Asian and Native American cultures the
family structure consisted of a grandmother and herchildren, especially daughters, who raised their ownchildren together and shared child care responsibilities.
Romantic relationships between men and women wereformed and dissolved with little impact on the childrenwho remained in the mother's extended family.
9
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
10/20
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
11/20
Family Functioning
Boyer and Jeffrey describe six elementson which families areassessed to be either functional or dysfunctional.
21
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
12/20
Family Functioning (cont.)1. Communication
Family members are encouraged to expresshonest feelings and opinions, and all membersparticipate in decisions that affect the familysystem.
Behaviors that interfere with functionalcommunication include Making assumptions
Belittling feelings
Failing to listen
Communicating indirectly
Presenting doublebind messages
22
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
13/20
Family Functioning (cont.)
2. Self-concept Reinforcement Functional families strive to reinforce and
strengthen each members self-concept, with thepositive result being that family members feel lovedand valued.
Behaviors that interfere with self-conceptreinforcement include
Expressing denigrating
remarks
Withholding supportive
messages
Taking over
23
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
14/20
Family Functioning (cont.)
3. Family Members Expectations
In functional families, expectations are realistic,flexible, and individualized.
Behaviors that interfere with adaptive functioning interms of member expectations include
Ignoring individuality
Demanding proof of love
24
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
15/20
Family Functioning (cont.)
4. Handling Differences
Functional families understand that it is acceptableto disagree and deal with differences in an open,non-attacking manner.
Behaviors that interfere with successful familynegotiations include
Attacking
Avoiding
Surrendering
25
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
16/20
Family Functioning (cont.)
5. Family Interactional Patterns Family interactional patterns are functional when
they are workable and constructive and promotethe needs of all family members.
They are dysfunctional when they becomecontradictory, self-defeating, and destructive.Examples are patterns thatCause emotional discomfort
Perpetuate or intensify
problems rather than
solve themAre in conflict with each
other
26
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
17/20
Family Functioning (cont.)
6. Family Climate A positive family climate is
founded on trust and is reflected
in openness, appropriate humor and laughter,
expressions of caring, mutual respect, a valuing ofthe quality of each individual, and a general feelingof well-being.
A dysfunctional family climate is
evidenced by tension, pain, physical
disabilities, frustration, guilt, persistent
anger, and feelings of hopelessness.
27
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
18/20
End of Chapter 3
18
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
19/20
-
8/10/2019 Chapter 3. Family Structure
20/20
CLASS ACTIVITY
Discuss in a group the concepts of familyand family functioning for differentethnic groups:
1.China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan
2. Indonesia and Philippines
3.Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam
4.Africa5.Europe
20
top related