chapter 3: migration global and european migration...
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Chapter 3: Migration
Global and European
Migration Patterns
The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human Geography
Major Global Migration Flows
(1500 - 1950)
Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)
• 1: Europeans to North America – 65 - 75 million? Europeans to New World
• 2: Spanish colonists to New World – Latin American cultural identity
– 1st Wave of Imperialism
Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)
Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)
• 1: Europeans to North America – 65 - 75 million? Europeans to New World
• 2: Spanish colonists to New World – Latin American cultural identity
– 1st Wave of Imperialism
• 3: Other European migration – during Era of “New” Imperialism
– Europeans into Africa, Asia and later to South America
• India, South Africa, Argentina/Uruguay/Paraguay,
Australia, New Zealand etc.
• 4: Atlantic Slave Trade – 12 to 15 million forced to migrate
– Replace depopulated Caribbean islands/E. Central America
Major Global Migration Flows(1500 - 1950) • 5: South Asians (as indentured servants) to Africa/SE Asia
• 6: Chinese migration into SE Asia
Chinese in
Southeast
Asia
• Imperialism opens
economic
opportunities for
Chinese in 1800s.
– 14% Thailand
– 32% Malaysia
– 76% Singapore
Major Global Migration Flows (1500 - 1950)
• 7: American settlement of the West
• 8: Russian expansion into Siberia
Current Migration Flows
Besides economic reasons, why might the
UK, France and Spain (in particular) be
major migrant destinations?
External Migration
into Europe • Guest workers
– Turks Germany
– fill low wage/skill jobs
• Safety valve for LDCs
• Labor source for aging
European nations
• Citizenship
– South Asia UK
– Algeria France
• Family reunification
– Chain migration from
former colonies
Internal Migration and Europe • Citizenship in EU member states
– the right to live and work anywhere within the EU.
• General pattern: East West and South North
– From poorer to more wealthy
• Many immigrants in Western Europe have come from
former eastern bloc states in the 1990‘s
– Poles UK and Ireland
– Romanians/Bulgarians Spain and Italy
• Northern Europeans are moving South (recent
phenomenon) (Ravenstein #4)
– Retirees and others warmer climate, affordable lifestyle
Problems faced by immigrant populations • Higher unemployment
• 2008, immigrant unemployment in France = 13%
• 2x that of native population (6%)
• ghettoization • immigrants clustered in urban areas/projects on edge of cities.
• limited contact with general society
• concentrated poverty
• identity • although no longer “temporary”
• resistance to assimilation “incubator for radicalism”
• rightwing reaction • rise of nativism
• xenophobia = fear or hatred of foreigners
• radicalism drags moderate “middle” to right
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