chapter 34 book notes – answers united states history
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Chapter 34 Book Notes – Answers United States History
34.1 Introduction: #1• How did Adolf Hitler take advantage of Germany’s economic
troubles to stir up German nationalism?• Hitler took advantage of Germany’s economic troubles and
economic nationalism by:1. Rearming the country2. Violating the Treaty of Versailles3. Beginning to threaten Germany’s neighbors
34.1 Introduction: #2• What actions did the Nazis take that undermined the
stipulations set forth by the Treaty of Versailles?• 1936: German troops occupied the Rhineland [Treaty of Versailles
banned military action in the region]• 1938: Anschluss with Austria
34.1 Introduction: #3• What is appeasement and why did the policy fail to stop
German aggression during the 1930s?• Appeasement is the policy of yielding to an enemy’s demands in
order to maintain peace.• This policy failed to stop German aggression as Hitler was never
satisfied with the territory he was given.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #1• How did Hitler’s violation of the Treaty of Versailles boost his
popularity in Germany?• Hitler’s violation of the Treaty of Versailles boosted his popularity
in Germany in three major ways:1. Germans hated paying war reparations2. Germans objected to the War Guilt Clause3. The rise of feelings of extreme nationalism
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #2• What is totalitarianism?• Totalitarianism is a system in which the government controls all
aspects of a society, including the economy.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #3• What were Joseph Stalin’s two main economic goals for the
Soviet Union?1. To raise agricultural production2. To modernize industry
[These goals were linked: Increased exports of food would bring in the capital to finance industrialization]
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power: #4• What were the consequences for farmers who refused to
resettle on cooperative, state-owned farms?• Farmers who refused to resettle on cooperative, state-owned
farms in Stalin’s Soviet Union were shot or forced to do hard labor in prison-like concentration camps (gulags).
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #5• What methods did Stalin use to strengthen his control of the
Communist Party?• Stalin used brutal methods to strengthen his control of the
Communist Party. This included purging party officials by having them:• Arrested• Put on trial• Executed
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #6• What conditions did Mussolini take advantage of in Italy to
form a dictatorship?• Following WWI, Italy saw serious problems:
• Inflation and labor strikes hurt the Italian economy• Communists threatened to take over the democratic government• Italians felt insulted by the Treaty of Versailles as its grant of territory
to Italy fell short of expectations• Mussolini took advantage of these conditions, emerging as a
national figure, and founding the first fascist political movement in 1919.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #7• What is fascism? Who are fascists strongly opposed to?• Fascism is a political movement based on extreme nationalism in
which the state comes first and individual liberty is secondary.• Fascists are strongly opposed to both communism and
democracy.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #8• How did Mussolini’s public speaking skills differ from Franklin
D. Roosevelt’s?• Where FDR spoke with a calm, soothing voice, Mussolini agitated
crowds with emotional outbursts and dramatic gestures.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #9• What is Nazism? What is the core belief of Nazis?• Nazism is a form of fascism that had its roots as a small political
party in Germany. • Nazis believed that Germans and other Aryans were physically
and morally superior to other races.• Nazis wanted to purify Germany by removing other races,
especially Jews.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #10• What did Adolf Hitler argue in his book Mein Kampf?• Hitler argued that the superior Aryan race was locked in a
struggle with other races.• He introduced the idea of lebensraum (“living space”, declaring
that Germany needed land on which Aryan settlers could raise large families.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #11• What did the Nazis call their government? What new laws did
they pass?• The Nazis called their government the Third Reich.• The passed new laws targeting Jews and exposing them to
persecution.
34.2 Dictators and Militants Rise to Power #12• Why did Japan begin to move toward a policy of militarism in
the 1930s?• The worldwide economic depression during the 1930s
undermined civilian rule and caused Japan to move toward a policy of militarization.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #13• Why did President Franklin Roosevelt take no direct action
against aggressive dictators in Asia and Europe during the early 1930s?• During the early 1930s, FDR took no direct action against
aggressive dictators as Americans still strongly favored isolationism.
• Bitter memories of WWI and the challenge of economic problems at home led Americans to not want the nation to become entangled in another war.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #14• What was Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbor Policy”?• The Good Neighbor Policy declared that “No state has the right to
intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.”• This pledge was meant to send a message to aggressor nations.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #15• What were the major consequences of the Japanese invasion
of the Manchurian region of China, 1933-1936.• It gave Japan a large piece of territory that was rich in resources.• It began an area in which the military dominated the Japanese
government.• It isolated Japan from most other nations.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #16• What happened during the Rape of Nanking?• Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage massacring as
many as 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 200,000 Chinese women.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #17• How did Japan’s aggression test the League of Nations and
how did the League fail to respond effectively to Japan’s challenge?• Japan’s aggression tested the League of Nations who could have
imposed boycotts and other economic sanctions or use the combined military force of its members.
• Instead, the League of Nations chose to do nothing.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #18• What actions did the League of Nations take as Hitler began
rebuilding the German military and announced the formation of an air force/start of compulsory military service?• As Hitler began rebuilding the German military, etc., the League
of Nations only lodged a formal protest.• It refused to consider sanctions against Germany.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #19• How did Mussolini begin his quest to build a New Roman
Empire? What actions did the League of Nations take in response?• Mussolini began his quest to build a New Roman Empire by
invading Ethiopia in 1935. • The League of Nations voted to impose economic sanctions.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #20• Describe the military rebellion that started the Spanish Civil
War.• 1936: A military rebellion led by General Francisco Franco started
the Spanish Civil War.• The Spanish military and the Nationalists (right-wing allies)
sought to overthrow Spain’s democratic republic. [Italy/Germany backed the rebels]
• Republicans (left-wing groups) fought to save the republic [with aid from the Soviet Union]
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #21• What were the conditions of the Neutrality Act of 1935?• This act prevented the United States from supplying “arms,
ammunition, or implements of war” to nations in conflict.
34.3 Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response: #22• What were additional neutrality acts in 1936 and 1937
designed to accomplish?• Congress passed these neutrality acts to keep the United States
out of conflicts brewing in Europe, such as the Spanish Civil War.
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