chapter 5: cell structure & function
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U N I T 4 C E L L S : T H E B A S I C T H E O R Y O F L I F E
CHAPTER 5: CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
SECTION 6.2: TYPES OF CELLS
2 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
• State the basic difference between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells.
• Compare and contrast plant & animal cells.
• Vocabulary: prokaryotes, eukaryotes
CELL STRUCTURE
3 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
• continued advances in microscopes allowed observation of cell organelles and structure
4 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
5 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
6 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
7 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
• 2 types of cells • prokaryote – single-celled organism whose cells do
not have a true nucleus (& lack membrane bound organelles)
• bacteria & relatives, usually small & unicellular
• eukaryote – organisms made up of cells that have a nucleus • both unicellular & multicellular
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
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• prokaryotes were 1st cells that evolved • i.e. bacteria & blue green algae • live in a wide variety of environments & very
abundant • endosymbiosis - theory that eukaryotes evolved
from symbiotic relationship between various prokaryotes & developed into larger, more complex organisms
• prokaryotes generally smaller & simpler than eukaryotes
9 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
belong to Bacteria Kingdoms (bacteria & archaebacteria)
unicellular
no nucleus – no nuclear membrane or nucleoli
no membrane enclosed organelles (except
ribosomes)
DNA exists as a single, circular strand & is located in nucleoid
(area w/out a protective membrane)
surrounded by capsule
no cytoskeleton
belong to Fungi, Plant, Animal, & Protista Kingdoms
uni- or multicellular
have nucleus w/ nuclear membrane/envelope &
nucleoli
membrane enclosed organelles
DNA exists as many strands & is contained in a nucleus
cytoskeleton
may have cilia or flagella (vary in
composition)
can have cell wall (vary in complexity)
cell/plasma membrane
(vary)
cytoplasm
have chromosomes, which contains DNA
which contains genes
ribosomes which read genes to make
proteins
10 1/26/17 Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction
made of peptidoglycans (protein-sugars) made of phospholipids
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CELLS: PLANT VS. ANIMAL
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cell wall made of cellulose
can absorb liquids
chloroplast
create food by photosynthesis
(autotroph)
have central vacuole
have plastids
usually boxy, square, or angular shapes
no cell wall
no cellulose so can’t absorb much liquid
can’t produce own food (heterotroph)
have lysosomes
have centrioles
have cilia
small vacuoles
usually spherical or free formed - can be
variety of shapes
similar in size
cell membrane
eukaryotic (nucleus)
DNA & nucleolus
ribosomes, mitochondria,
cytoskeleton, Golgi bodies,
endoplasmic reticulum
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
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PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
14 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
15 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
16 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
17 1/26/17 Biology: Cell Structure & Function
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