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Contending Loyalties
My family
Region
Culture
Race
Country
Humankind
Friends
Employer
School
Environment
Religion
Political Beliefs
Hyphenated Identity
Read 99-100
Look at Perspective #1 and #2
What are some of the strengths and weaknesses in those arguments?
What are your thoughts towards a hyphenated identity?
Contending Nationalist Loyalties
Canada is a _______________
The purpose of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, was to ___________ the fundamental rights and freedoms valued by Canadians
For people to feel loyal to Canada, they must ___________________ in Canada for ________________
Language Loyalties
1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (B & B Commission)
charged to investigate and report the existing state within Canada and recommend steps that should be taken
active role of government in language politics
frame government and language politics in terms of equality and a common community
both languages to be promoted across Canada
Official Languages Act 1969
declared both French and English to be official languages
all federal institutions were required to offer their services in either French or English
broadened over the years - Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
Bill 101 (1977) - Charter of the French Language
is resolved therefore to make of Friends of the Language of Government and the Law; as well as the normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business
Is a French-speaking society in Quebec an act of loyalty?
Bilingualism in Public Education (1970)
second language instruction
French Immersion
Bilingual Consumer Packaging (1974)
bilingual labeling on most consumer packaging
Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)
Section 16 - Two Official Languages
Section 17-22 - particular language rights in government institutions
Section 23 - provincial governments offer education to Canadians in the official language of their choice
Rise of the ADQ
2007 - hinted at a new direction for Quebec nationalism
31% of popular vote - called for Quebec’s autonomy within Canada and a new name “The Autonomist State of Quebec”
own constitution, own citizenship, override those federal laws seen as contrary to provincial interest
Loyalties of Aboriginal Canadians
____________________
a set of amendments to the Constitution of Canada designed to persuade Quebec to endorse the Constitution
MLA Elijah Harper rose a _________ _________ and voted against the motion that derailed the amendments
Meech Lake
1987
recognition of a ‘________________’ within Canada
3 years to pass resolution - MB and NFLD failed to ratify the resolution
shaped a sense of isolation and desire to seek their own nation
CTV Movie on Elijah Harper
http://winnipeg.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20080522/wpg_elijah_080522?hub=WinnipegHome
______________ were not being recognized and the idea that Canada was made up of _______ founding nations and languages
_____________________: a principle whereby a nation is _______ to decide its own _____________ allegiance or form of government
Inuit Perspectives
________ - began to move to permanent towns
better access to health care, education, and other services
slowly became part of the _______________ economy and changed their lifestyles
Afghanistan
What can you tell me about the country?
Where does your experience come from?
I am guessing that most of our information is based primarily from media
Timeline
1919-21 - The British are defeated in the Third British-Afghan War
Afghanistan becomes an independent nation
1947 - Britain withdraws from India - Hindu but secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan
large uncontrolled border
1953 - Gen. Khan looks to Soviets for economic and military assistance
1956 - Khrushchev agrees to help Afghanistan
1973 - Khan’s stages a military coup
the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1978 - Communist Coup
Taraki kills Gen. Khan + proclaim independence from Soviet influence
conservative Islamic leaders revolt - guerilla movement is established
Mujahadeen
1979 - rallied against Soviet troops
1986 - Mujahadeen are receiving arms from the United States, Britain, and China via Pakistan
1989 - peace accords in Geneva
warlords are emerging as Islamic leaders begin to divide up the country
1995 - Taliban emerge on promises of peace
uphold traditional Islamic values
The United States refuses to recognize the authority of the Taliban
1998 - al Qaida’s bombing of two American embassies in Africa, President Clinton orders attacks against bin Laden’s training camps in Afghanistan
2000 - UN sanctions restricting trade and economic development
2001 - trade center attacks
Oct. 7 - US and British troops launch air strikes against targets in Afghanistan
proclaim they are ready for jihad
Dec. 22 - Hamid Karzai - is sworn as interim president - supported by the US
2003 - NATO takes over security in Kabul
2005 - first parliamentary election in 30 years
2006 - NATO expands operations - met with suicide attacks and international troops
2006 - Afghanistan Compact
provides the framework for international community initiatives in Afghanistan (2006-2011)
Canada may contribute military assistance or non-military aid
Roles of Canadian Forces
provide security to promote development and an environment that is conducive to the improvement of Afghan life
operations in support of Afghan National Security Forces
strengthen Afghan Governance capacity
extend the authority of Government of Afghanistan
facilitate the delivery of programs and projects that support the economic recovery and rehabilitation of Afghanistan
assist in addressing humanitarian needs of Afghans by supporting Canadian governmental and non-governmental organizations
Canadian Development Role in
AfghanistanPolitical - to create a stable and democratic society
Social - to provide fundamental services to its citizens (water, health care, education)
Economic - self sufficient to provide for its citizens rather than economically dependent
Specific Development Programs
Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund
daily operations
national microcredit program
National Solidarity program
Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team
330 member PRT
Justice/court systems
judges, prosecutors, etc.
Police Services
mentoring, training
Correction Services
professionalize prisons
Healthcare
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
• reintegration into civilian life
Canada’s Continuing Role
withdrawal of troops unless NATO adds soldiers
“NATO’s reputation is on the line here... all the increasing evidence suggests that NATO’s efforts in Afghanistan as a whole are not adequate” Harper said, according to news agencies.
www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/north_america/jan-june08/canadatroops_0128.html
Explore the Issues
Should the Canadian government consider first the needs of its citizens or the responsibility we have to all people?
How should we choose which nations to support?
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