chapter 8 data analysis and interpretation ( 2007 book )

CHAPTER 8

Date Analysis and Interpretation

-  It may be defined as the examination of data or fact in terms of quantity, quality, attribute, trait, pattern, trend, relationship among others so as to answer research questions which involve statistical techniques and procedures.

Data Analysis

Univariate Analysis

- Tests a single variable to determine whether the sample is similar to the population from which it has been drawn.

BIVARIATE ANALYSIS

-Tests two variables on how they differ with each other.

- Statistical tool Correlation coefficient – use in both descriptive and experimental design. Z test – descriptive research only. T-test – experimental only.

Multivariate analysis-Tests three or more independent variables at a time in the degree of relationship with the dependent variable.

• Also known as “MANOVA”.

• This examine several variable and their

relationships simultaneously

• In contrast to bivariate analysis which examine

relationship between 2 variables, and univariate

analyses where one variable at a time is

examined for generalization from the sample to

the population.

• MANOVA test means differences among groups

across several dependent variables

simultaneously, by using sums of squares and

cross product matrices.

• In MANOVA test the independent variable is

measured on a nominal scale and the

dependent variables on an interval or ratio

scale

Illustration 1: Experimental design

Illustration 2 ( Experimental design

Computation of sum of squares for samples (SS)

Is a type of data analysis wherein the results of the study is compared with the norm or standard. the statistical tools used in this type are the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation.

Normative analysis

Computation of arithmetic mean