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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 9
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Classification
Concept Mapping
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify things. In
your science journal, list at least five things that humans
classify.
Chapter 9
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
• Explain why and how organisms are classified.
• List the eight levels of classification.
• Explain scientific names.
• Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.
Objectives
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
Why Classify?
• Answering Questions The classification of living things makes it easier for biologist to answer many important questions such as:
1. How many known species are there? 2. What are the defining characteristics of each
species? 3. What are the relationships between these
species?
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
• Classification Today Taxonomists use the eight-level system to classify living things based on shared characteristics.
• Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram, several characteristics are listed along the line that points to the right. Each characteristic is shared by the animals to the right of it.
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
Levels of Classification
• Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are:
1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
Scientific Names
• One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be.
• Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name.
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
Dichotomous Keys
• What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.
• Two-Part Names By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown organism.
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out Chapter 9
A Growing System
• Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms.
• Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.
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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the
names on your list by style of music. Describe in your
science journal the categories you chose and explain
which bands might fit into more than one category.
Chapter 9
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Chapter 9
• Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known.
• Describe the three domains.
• Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya
Objectives
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Chapter 9
What Is It?
• What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are classified by their characteristics.
• Adding New Classification Categories As scientists continue to learn about living things, they add classification categories that account for the characteristics of different organisms.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Chapter 9
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
• The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are known to live in extreme environments.
• The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Chapter 9
The Domain Eukarya
• The Kingdom Protista Today members of the kingdom Protista commonly called protists, are single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
• Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Chapter 9
• The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi.
• Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food. Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
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Chapter 9
The Kingdom Plantae
• Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make food through photosynthesis.
• Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Chapter 9
The Kingdom Animalia
• Animals The kingdom Animalia contains complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls, are usually able to move around, and have specialized sense organs.
• Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.
• Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
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Classification
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping
on the next slide.
Chapter 9
kingdom
species
class
classification
family
scientific name
order
taxonomy
phylum
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Chapter 9 Classification
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Chapter 9 Classification
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