chapter - i chapter i executive summary
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CHAPTER – I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The TNRTP conducted a District Diagnostic Study (DDS) with an in
depth evaluation of the district for identifying the sectors, Subsectors and
commodities. The DDS encompasses different project components of
rural Eco-system development, Enterprise business plan financing, Skills
and job opportunities and project.
The study has been conducted with the perspective of the
entrepreneur as the focus and seeing the things through the lens of the
entrepreneur towards assisting the different project beneficiaries-
Producer Groups, Enterprise Groups and Individual Enterprises. The
study would help the project team in effective implementation of the
scheme as well as in prioritization and proper execution of activities.
The study has identified the sectors, sub-sectors, commodities and
potential Enterprises, which are summarized as follows.
Agro Business activities/Commodities: 22 activities
Non-Farm based activities/Commodities: 18 activities
Service Sector/Commodities: 9 activities
Service Sector- Non-Agro based activities/Commodities: 32
activities
Trading- Agro based and Non-Agro based activities: 10 activities
Further based on the inherent facilitating factor and opportunities
existing, potential enterprise clusters have been identified and
documented for each Block of the district, for the entire 12 Blocks.
The following table depicts the potential clusters for promotion of
producer companies at the 3 Blocks of the district, where the TNRTP
intervention is planned initially.
CHAPTER - I
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About TNRTP
The Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project (TNRTP) is an
innovative World Bank assisted project that aims at rural transformation
through strategies that focus beyond poverty alleviation by building
sustainability and prosperity of rural communities through enterprise
promotion, access to finance and employment opportunities. TNRTP is
built on existing institutional capital and investments made by Tamil
Nadu Pudhu Vaazhvu Project (TNPVP), Tamil Nadu State Rural
Livelihoods Mission (TNSRLM) and National Rural Livelihoods Project
(NRLP).
This project has been built on the success of the earlier World Bank
assisted Tamil Nadu Pudhu Vaazhvu Project (2005-2017)), which was
implemented in 4,174 Village Panchayats of 120 Backward Blocks in 26
Districts of the State at a cost of Rs.1871.85 Crore benefiting 9.8 lakh
rural families and achieved woman empowerment and poverty alleviation
in the rural areas through Community Driven Development approach
(CDD).
This Project will be funded in the ratio of 70:30 by the World Bank
and Government of Tamil Nadu at an estimated cost of Rs.918.20Crores.
The loan assistance from World Bank will be Rs.642.74 Crores and the
assistance by Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) will beRs.275.46
Crores.
The Project will be implemented in 2 phases covering 26 districts,
120 blocks and 3994 village panchayats over a period of 6 years.
S.No Phase No. of Blocks No. of Villages
1. Phase I 38 1,393 2. Phase II 82 2,601
Total 120 3,994
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Project Beneficiaries
The project will target primarily the SHG households, who have
basic level of assets, resource and skills created by the previous projects;
the focus will be on women, scheduled tribes, scheduled castes,
differently abled, youth and aspiring entrepreneurs. The beneficiaries will
be producer households, aggregated into producer groups/producer
collectives and individual entrepreneurs across farm and non-farm
sectors in the selected project blocks.
The Project intends to target 4,11,620 direct beneficiaries of which
3,25,000 members will be organized into Producer groups (PGs),
Enterprise groups (EGs) and Producer Collectives (PCs). The Project will
also support around 6,620 individual enterprises and 80,000 beneficiaries
through skilling (40,000 through convergence with existing flagship
Government skilling programs and 40,000 through community skill /farm
schools).
S.No Activities Details Beneficiaries
1. Group Enterprises
6000 Producer
Groups (50 Members per
group)
3,00,000
1000 Enterprise Groups
25,000
Sub Total 3,25,000
2. Individual Enterprises
Nano 6,000
Micro 500
Small 120
Sub Total 6,620
3. Skill Development
Through
Convergence
40,000
Through CSS 40,000
Sub Total 80,000
TOTAL 4,11,620
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Project Components
This Project comprises of four components:
Convergence andPartnership
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2. SIVAGANGAI-AN INTRODUCTION
Sivagangai District has been carved out from Ramanathapuram
District and the District is functioning from 15.3.85 as per G.O Ms.No.
346 Rev. dept. dated 8.3.85.
The Sivagangaiseemai is historically an important territory. The
Kingdom of Ramnathapuram comprised of the territories of
Ramnathapuram, Sivagangai and Pudukottai of today. Sivagangai region
was ruled by the brave and valour leaders like SasivarnaThevar, Raja
Muthu VaduganathaPeriaOodayarThevar, Rani VeluNachiar and Marudhu
brothers.
Sivagangai district is having a geographical area of 4189 Sq.Kms.
It lies between 9.43’ and 10 47’ of the Northern latitude and 77 47’and
78 49’ of Eastern longitude.
It is bounded by Ramanathapuram district in East and South,
Virudhunagar and Madurai Districts in West and Tiruchirapalli and
Pudukkottai districts in the north.
This District is a backward region from the point of view of
agriculture, industry and general economic conditions of the people,
mainly due to the feudalistic and rural background of the area. Several
parts of this district were frequently hit by drought.
The district comprises of 2 Divisions, 9 taluks, 39 Firkas, 521
Revenue Villages, 12 blocks, 3 Municipalities,12 town Panchayats and
445 Village Panchayats. The District administration is headed by the
District Collector with the coordination of the different development and
welfare activities in the district.
CHAPTER - II
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2.1 ENTREPRENEURS FROM SIVAGANGAI
Sivagangai has left its footprint in all the fields of business through
its various eminent personalities. The soil has produced many
noteworthy people who have contributed to the field of education,
entertainment, trade and business. They have helped shape our
countries business and education sectors by creating universities
(Annamalai and Alagappa universities), establishing film production
houses (AVM studios) and many hotels and industries. The inhabitants of
this little town have reached various countries and have established
business centres abroad. Keeladi, is a living proof for the existence of a
modern civilization in 200 BC which flourished with art and business
enterprises. The link was continued in the later years and many have
contributed to trade during the Kings reign and British rule. They have
excelled in banking sectors opening banks (Indian overseas bank and
Indian bank) in Sivagangai district and in other countries like Rangoon
(present day Burma). Even today, many natives of Sivagangai have
travelled abroad and work or do business abroad and always come back
to their native. This helps to boost our Indian economy when they bring
foreign currency back to our country. The people have also spread our
culture and heritage while carrying out business and trade activities with
other country like Malaysia, Singapore and other European countries.
Thus, the district of Sivagangai has played an immense role in shaping
the trade and business culture in India.
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2.2 EMINENT PERSONALITIES
Rani Velu Nachiyar was the
first queen to fight against the
British colonial power in India.
She is known by Tamils as
Veeramangai.She was the
princess of Ramanathapuram and
the only child of Raja
Chellamuthu vijayaragunatha
Sethupathy and Rani
Sakandhimuthal of the Ramnad
kingdom.
The Marudhu brothers were
chieftains of Sivagangai, Tamil
Nadu, India, towards the end of
the 18th century. They were
known for fighting against the
East India Company. They were
finally hanged by the British after
a prolonged struggle.
QUEEN VELU NACHIAR (3 January 1730 – 25 December
1796)
MARUTHU BROTHERS (1748-1801)
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OBJECTIVES OF THE DISTRICT DIAGNOSTIC STUDY
The purposes of conducting the District Diagnostic Study are:
As a facilitating tool for project planning under different project components of Rural Ecosystem Development, Enterprise Business
Plan Financing, Skills and Job opportunities and Project Management.
Towards convergence and forging partnerships among / with the different stake holders - Line departments, mainstream institutions –
Banks, Insurers etc, Skilling institutions, Knowledge Centres,
Entrepreneurs, Associations of Enterprises, Traders and Industries.
To facilitate preparation of development plans by communities for
enterprise promotion at village level
To identify and prioritize current and potential value chains.
The study broadly analyses the indicators, such as social profile, rural
profile, urbanization trends and labour mobility and the economic indicators;
a sectorial analysis – agriculture, allied, non-farm including manufacturing
and service sectors; the current status of existing industries and the growth
trends; the potential economic growth centers within the districts and
perceived gaps in the existing ecosystem for promoting and nurturing
sustainable MSEs; The study tries to understand the factors contributing to
rural economy through employment generation and high value economic
activities thus resulting in increase in the household income.
Methodology
❖ Secondary Data was collected from Various line departments,
Agriculture, Horticulture, Market committee, Animal Husbandry,
Sericulture, Forestry, Tourism, Statistics.
❖ Stake holders consultancy workshop: The different stake holders
interacted for the study are furnished Interactions were also held with
the District officials. Site visits were made to the resource institutions,
FPOs, traders, weaving clusters and villages in the district. Focus
Group discussion with the community was held to validate the
secondary data.
CHAPTER - III
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4.0 SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
According to 2011 census, the total population of this district is
1339101 comprising 668371 males and 670730 females. This district is one
among the five districts in the state having female predominance over male
population. The density of population was 320 persons per sq.km. The sex
ratio for this district works out to the 1003 females for 1000 males and
nearly 69% of the total population lives in rural areas. In total population
Scheduled Caste 17% and Scheduled Tribes 0.06%.
4.1 Area Population, Literates, Sc’s, St’s – Sex wise By Blocks
Table 1 Area Population, Literates
Name of the
Blocks
Area
(sq.k
m)
Population Literate
Persons Male Femal
e
Person
s
Male Femal
e
Sivaganga 446.6 158510 79306 79204 116229 63454 52775
Kalayarkoil 582.6 113318 55395 57923 81030 44334 36696
Manamadurai 349.4 104183 52086 52097 72782 40490 32292
Thiruppuvana
m
327.3 118411 59962 58449 83796 47335 36461
Ilayankudi 444.6 111447 55075 56372 78124 43356 34768
Devakottai 339.9 127902 64619 63283 93932 51479 42453
Kannangudi 221.6 29764 15016 14748 22733 12921 9812
Sakkottai 352.3 248390 123913 124477 190020 100815 89205
Kallal 401.1 88117 43327 44790 62382 33966 28416
Thiruppathur 339.9 112774 56454 56320 80540 44176 36364
Singampunari 226.0 78834 39575 39259 54874 30524 24350
S.Pudur 160.2 47451 23937 23514 29340 17116 12224
Total 1339101 668665 670436 965782 529966 435816
CHAPTER - IV
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Table 2 SC’s, ST’s Population
Name of the
Blocks
Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes
Persons Male Female Persons Male Female
Sivaganga 21073 10576 10497 41 20 21
Kalayarkoil 21969 10836 11133 22 10 12
Manamadurai 23896 11966 11930 48 24 24
Thiruppuvanam 25991 13039 12952 192 89 103
Ilayankudi 25104 12468 12636 3 2 1
Devakottai 21987 11369 11151 270 139 131
Kannangudi 11704 5908 5796 12 6 6
Sakkottai 28863 14233 14630 176 90 86
Kallal 14071 6879 7192 15 7 8
Thiruppathur 16669 8445 8224 20 8 12
Singampunari 10900 5349 5551 1 0 1
S.Pudur 8429 4250 4179 4 3 1
Total 230656 115318 115871 804 398 406
Table 3 Literate Population
Particulars Male Female
Literates 529966 435816
Total Population 668665 670436
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Figure 1 Census 2011
4.2 Rural and urban Population
The distribution of population at the rural and urban areas is furnished
in the following table:
Table 4 Rural and urban Population
Category Male Female Total
Percentage of
Increase since
Last Census 2011
Rural 462210 464046 926256 15.9
Urban 206462 206383 412845 11.7
Total 668672 670429 1339101 26.6
According to 2011 census, the total population of this district is
1339101 comprising 668371 males and 670730 females. This district is one
among the five districts in the state having female predominance over male
population. The density of population was 320 persons per sq.km. The sex
ratio for this district works out to the 1003 females for 1000 males and
nearly 69% of the total population lives in rural areas.
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Figure 1 Census 2011
4.4 Occupation Profile
The working population in the district is presented in the following Table
Table 5 Working population
Type of working
\persons
Type Persons Male Female
Cultivators
Rural 112588 71420 41168
Urban 4442 3434 1008
Total 117030 74854 42176
Agricultural
labourers
Rural 117677 61926 55751
Urban 4489 3208 1281
Total 122166 65134 57032
Household industry
labourers
Rural 6428 3631 2797
Urban 3436 1876 1560
Total 9864 5507 4357
Other workers
Rural 234861 138971 95890
Urban 136250 106839 29411
Total 371111 245810 125301
Total workers
Rural 471554 275948 195606
Urban 148617 115357 33260
Total 620171 391305 686598
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5.0 COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATIONS
There is existence of rich Community Based Organisations (CBOs) to
operationalize the TNRTP interventions at the district.
The existing social capital of BLFs, VPRCs, PLFs, SHGs and the
organized member households would be the foundation. In sivagangai
district there are about 27 CLGs, 445 VPRCs & PLFs comprising of 7309
SHGs involving a total of 109635 member households.
Table 6 Community Based Organisations
S.No Name of the CBO Total No. Of Number CBO
1 SHG 7309
2 VPRC 445
3 CLG 27
4 PLF 445
Total 8226
Source:TNSRLM- sivagangai primary data
CHAPTER - V
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6.0 FARMER PRODUCER ORGANISATIONS (FPOS)
Moreover, there are three Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs),
Promoted by agriculture department:
Registered Farmer Producers Organisations (FPOs)
❖ Coconut Farmer Producers Company Limited, Singampunari – with about
1000 Share holder farmers, registered on 30.06.2017, under Companies
Act.
❖ Shri karpagaVinayagar Collective Farmers Producers Company Limited,
S.Pudur, registered on 18.05.2018, under Companies Act.
❖ SreeKalathiAyyanar Collective Farmers Producers Company Limited, Kallal,
registered on 31.01.2019, under Companies Act.
Another 5 FPOs also exist in the district and its framed by NABARD
and Self Promotion.
6.1 FARMER PRODUCER GROUP
In the three TNRTP blocks, the there are Farmer Producer
Groups as detailed below:
Devakottai – 18 FPGs at Siruvathi, Vijayapuram,
Ekaraikottaivayal, Vellikatti, Maaviduthikottai, Sakkanthi, Kallangudi,
Eluvankottai, Kandadevi, Kottur, Kurindhanakottai, Vasanthani,
Tirumanvayal, VadiNanniyur and Anthakkudi villages.
Manamadurai – 20 FPGs at Arimandapam, Annavasal, Vilathur,
Soorakulam, Seikalathur, Rajakampperam, Kaipirivu, Mangulam,
Perumpacheri, Theethanpettai, Idaikattur, Vembathur,
TherkuSanthanur, Kuvalaiveli, Manamadurai, K.Pudhukulam,
Keelapidavur, Sullangudi and Vagudi villages.
Kalayarkovil – 17 FPGs at Sengulam, Monkankanmai,
Vittaneri, Kollangudi, Mathur, Pailulam, Karumanthakudi, Marathur,
Pudukiluvatchi, Kanchipatti, Vannikudi, Valanai, Alavilampatti,
P.Udayarenthal, Pallivayal, Somanathamangalam and Sakkoor
villages.
CHAPTER - VI
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7.0 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
7.1 Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics
Generally, the region as a spell of hot climate. Temperature is low
during January and the lowest mean daily temperature is 19.8oC. The
hottest month in the district is July, during which the maximum temperature
is 33.830C. The mean humidity varies from 65 per cent in July to 77 per
cent in November.
7.2 Land Use Pattern and Land Holdings: 2017-18
The total cultivated area of the district 1,04690 hectares. The land use
pattern of Sivagangai district is as follows:
Table 7 Land Use Pattern and Land Holdings
Sl.
No. Land use types Area in hectares
1 Forest 16533
2 Barren and Uncultivable waste 4689
3 Land put to Non-Agricultural uses 122596
4 Cultivable Waste 18242
5 Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing
Land 1367
6 Land Under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves not included in Net Area Sown
6360
7 Current Fallow 19480
8 Other Fallow Land 133522
9 Net Area Sown 96099
10 Geographical Area According to Village
Papers 418900
11 Total Cropped Area 96107
12 Area sown more than once 8
It is seen that there is significant area under Cultivable Waste (18242
hectares), Current fallows (19480 hectares) & other fallows (133522
Hectares), which could be brought under cultivation by suitable
interventions.
CHAPTER - VII
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Figure 2 Source; Dist G Return 2017-18
7.3 Climate and Rainfall
The average annual rainfall over the district varies from about
861.8 mm. to about 988.6 mm. The normal Southwest
monsoon rainfall varies from 275.8 to 401.1 mm while during Northeast
monsoon the normal seasonal rainfall varies from 382.5 to 442.8 mm.
This district is frequently hit by drought. Hot and dry weather prevails
for about 9 months in a year. During this year this district experienced
369.34mm of rainfall as against 301 mm (normal rainfall) in the South West
Monsoon, 161.72mm of rainfall against 422.7mm (normal rainfall) in the
North East Monsoon, 69.2 of rainfall against 17.9 mm (normal rainfall) in
the Winter Season and 117.45mm against 121.2 mm (normal rainfall) in the
Summer Season. This rain helped the agriculturists to show self-sufficiency
in the production of cereals, particularly paddy, ragi, maize and chillies.
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Table 8 Year wise Rainfall
s.o Period Rainfall
1 Jan-2010 to Dec 2010 533.64mm
2 Jan-2011 to Dec 2011 557.40mm
3 Jan-2012 to Dec 2012 438.00mm
4 Jan-2013 to Dec 2013 346.80mm
5 Jan-2014to Dec 2014 372.54mm
6 Jan-2015 to Dec 2015 395.41mm
7 Jan-2016 to Dec 2016 179.48mm
8 Jan-2017 to Dec 2017 502.37mm
9 Jan-2018 to Dec 2018 1193.28mm
10 Jan-2019 to Oct 2019 1055.10mm
Source:www.worldweatheronline.com
Figure 3 Source:www.worldweatheronline.com
This district compares to previous years in the year 2017, 2018
and 2019 rainfall got gradually increased. Its more helps to the people who
are engaged with agricultural activities.
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Table 9 Season wise distribution of Rainfall
Whole year
(June-2015 to May 2016) 685.22 872.8
South-west Monsoon 369.34 301
North- East Monsoon 161.72 422.7
Summer Season 84.96 121.2
Winter Season 69.2 27.9
Figure 4Source: Deputy Director General of Meteorology, Chennai.
This district is frequently hit by drought. The normal annual
rainfall of the District is 862.80 mm. Hot and dry weather prevails for about
9 months in a year. During 2016 the district received 179.48mm of rainfall
as against 301 mm (normal rainfall) in the South West Monsoon, due to
insufficient rainfall in the past years, projections for various activities have
been rationalized.
7.4 Soil Types of the Area
There are three types of soil in this area namely red Soil, black soil
and alluvial soils. There are cultivable waste lands. They are deep to very
deep soils and ideal for growing horticultural crops and very deep-rooted
perennial crops. The soils are well drained both internally and externally.
They don’t possess the problems of alkalinity, calcareousness and salinity.
The salinity problem is occurred in part of Ilayankudi, Kannangui and
Devakottai Blocks. These soils are deficient in micro nutrients like zinc,
copper, boron etc., The ratio between iron and manganese are narrow and
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have very poor exchangeable base reserves. Surface crusting and surface
doughtiness are the major problems that are associated with these soils
because of the low organic matter content, low exchangeable bases and the
sandy texture of the soils.
The different types of soil existing at the district are as follows:
Table 10 Soil Types of the Area
Sl.No. Type of Soil Places in District
1. Red Loam
DevakottaiTaluk, IlayankudiTaluk,KaraikudiTaluk,
ManamaduraiTaluk, Sivagangai Taluk and Thiruppathur Taluk.
2. Laterite Soil and Sterile Soil
Nil
3. Black Soil DevakottaiTaluk, IlayankudiTaluk,ManamaduraiTaluk and
SivagangaiTaluk.
4. Alluvial Soil ThiruppuvanamBlock and Manamadurai Block
5. Red Soil
DevakottaiTaluk,
IlayankudiTaluk,Karaikudi Taluk,
ManamaduraiTaluk,Sivagangai Taluk and Thiruppathur Taluk
7.5 Water Sources
7.5.1 Rivers Flowing in the District
Six important rivers are flowing in the district. But the rivers are not
perennial in nature. The district is highly dependent on monsoon rains. The
important rivers are Vaigai, Pambar, Kottakaraiyar, Thennar, Uppar,
gundar, Manimuthar and Sarugani.
7.5.2 Sources of Water Supply –Taluk Wise
The District is endowed with good ground water potentials (White
area) and hence the area under well irrigation could be enhanced.
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Table 11 Sources of Water Supply
S.No
Name of the
Taluk
Can
als
N
o.
Len
gth
(K
m.)
Wells used for
irrigatio
n purpose
only (Excludi
ng tube wells)
Tub
e Well
s No.
Wells
used
for Domesti
c & Industri
al Purpose
Reservoirs
Tanks (
Nos.)
1 Sivagangai - - 6380 103 1970 - 1184
2 Manamadurai
i. Lift Main Canal
1 30.15
2881 131 1285 - 406
ii. Right Main Canal
1 43.20
3 Ilayangudi - - 475 291 783 - 226
4 Devakottai - - 914 197 1026 - 586
5 Karaikudi - - 688 398 22701 - 628
6 Thiruppathur - - 5164 238 1637 - 1936
TOTAL - - 16502 1358 29402 - 4966
7.5.3 Status of groundwater
The Ground Water levels from the 79 number of observation wells of
TWAD have been analysed for Post-Monsoon and Pre-Monsoon. 5 years
average Ground water level in m Below Ground Level for pre and post
monsoon is as follows:
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Figure 5 TWAD Board
8.0 DISTRICT INFRASTRUCTURE 8.1 Rural Electrification (In Numbers )
Table 12 Rural Electrification
Electrified during the year Electrified up-to the year
Towns Villag
e
Hamle
t
Agricultur
al Pump
sets
Town Villag
e Hamlet
Agricultura
l Pump
sets
-- -- -- 522 12 451 2723 26762
8.2 Transport and Connectivity
Road Length (Km.)
1. National Highways : 54.500
2. State Highways : 261.161
3. Corporation and Municipalities Roads : 361.020
4. Panchayat Union and Panchayat Roads : 2084.640
CHAPTER - VIII
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5. Town Panchyat and Township Roads : 1136.465
6. Others (Forest Roads) : NIL
7. NHAI : 157.330
Railway Length
1. Route Length (Km.)
i. Broad Gauge : 142.05
ii. Meter Gauge : --
2. Track Length (Km.) :
i. Broad Gauge : 156.28
ii. Meter Gauge : --
3. Number of Railway Stations : 13
9.0 FARM AND ALLIED SECTORS
9.1 Land Holding Pattern of the farmers
There are five categories of land holdings. They are marginal
(below 1 ha), small (1-2 ha), semi-medium (2-4 ha), medium (4-10 ha),
large (10ha and above). Majority of the farmers (85 per cent) in
Sivagangai district have less than one hectare occupying 9 percent of
the land area. These details are presented in Table 13.
CHAPTER - IX
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Table 13 Number and area of operational land holdings
Size Class
of holdings (Hectares)
Land Holders Area (ha.)
S.C. S.T. Others S.C. S.T. Others
Marginal 2504
5 0 20203
6 8278 0 74344
Small 2241 0 26686 3071 0 37246
Semi small 445 0 9253 1126 0 24660
Medium 70 0 2063 386 0 11398
Large 9 0 242 124 0 3758
All sizes 2781
0
0 24028
0
0
12985
0 151406
Source: 9th Agricultural Census Provisional Figures, Dept. of Economics
and Statistics.
The distribution of land size holdings as shown in Table (13), indicates
the fact that 227081 farmers were marginal i.e holding less than 0.5
hectare and this scenario continues as the number of farmers gradually
decrease with the operational holdings from marginal to small (0.5 to 2.0
hectares) and thereafter drastically reduced to very small number of
farmers holding large area (10 & 20 hectares) and Ten percent of the land
holders belong to SC/ST community.
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9.2 Irrigation:
This district is not blessed with perennial source of river water supply.
The rain fed tanks are the main source of Irrigation. There are about 678
major tanks and 4288 minor tanks in this district. Next to tanks, about
13558 wells are used for irrigation.
Table 14 Sources of Irrigation (Area in hectares)
Tanks 105678
Tube Wells 2630
Ordinary wells 13558
Canals 0
Other Source 0
The District is endowed with good ground water potentials (White
area) and hence the area under well irrigation could be enhanced.
9.3 Area Irrigated by Sources
Figure 6Source: ‘G’ Return. Fasali 1427
This sector is an important area where credit could play a major role
in improving the productivity. Out of the total area irrigated, wells and tanks
irrigate 11% and 87% respectively. Investment in irrigation structures and
water conservation devices are considered to be thrust areas.
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Area under irrigated and rain fed crops in hectares
Table 15 Area under irrigated and rain fed crops in hectares
Figure 7Source: ‘G’ Return Fasali 1427
9.4 Cropping pattern and Major Crops
The main crop cultivated in Sivagangai district is Paddy. It is
cultivated around 70000 ha every year. but, due to continuous drought
during last five years, the farming community of the district suffered lot and
production of all food grain crops also reduced. In order to ensure minimum
income in the drought prevailing situation the dept of Agriculture proposed
to implement alternate cropping programme in sivagangai district. in which
the we are planned to cultivate 14000 ha drought tolerant and low water
required crops like Ragi and kudhiraivali instead of paddy. through which we
can ensure the minimum income of the farmers in the cropping season. The
seeds of above crops will be given to the farmers in 50% subsidized price.
9.5 Area and Production of Principal Crops : 2017-18
➢ Important Food Crops : Paddy, Millets, Pulses
➢ Important oil seeds : Groundnut, Gingelly and coconut
Irrigated Crops 67017
Rain fed Crops 29091
Total area under crops 96108
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➢ Important Non Food Crops : Sugarcane and Cotton
The area and production of Different crops are listed in the Table below.
Table 16 Area and Production of Principal Crops
Crops Area (in Ha ) Production(in metric tonnes)
Rice 72150 3,39,866 (rice – 2,03,920)
Sugarcane (Gur) 3001 180380 (gur - 20,382)
Groundnut 3064 6028
Pulses 1988 602
Millets (Varagu, Kuthiraivali)
&OtherCereals (Cumbu, Cholam)
344 439
9.6 Agricultural Land Holdings
The land holding pattern is as below:
Table 17 Agricultural Land Holdings
Sl.No Land holding class No. of land holdings
Number of Operational holdings
1 Marginal Holdings < 1 ha 227220
2 Small Holdings 1-2 ha 28964
3 Semi-medium holdings 2-4 ha 9722
4 Medium Holdings 4-10 ha 2167
5 Large Holdings 10 & above ha 293
Area operated
1 Marginal Holdings < 1 ha 82677.29
2 Small Holdings 1 – 2 ha 40368.92
3 Semi-medium Holdings 2 -4 ha 25852.30
4 Medium Holdings 4 – 10 ha 12003.67
5 Large Holdings 10 & Above ha 5148.18
Total operated area 166050.36
27 | P a g e
9.7 Agriculture:
The principal crop of Sivaganga district is paddy. The 90 % of the
cultivated area covered by paddy crop. The other crops like millets, pulses,
Oilseeds, Cotton, sugarcane and coconut are contributing considerable area
in the total area cultivated. The Horticulture crops like vegatables and
chillies are also cultivated in specific Blocks of the district.
Important crops grown in the district are Paddy, Pulses, Groundnut
and Cotton. The prevailing high yielding varieties are listed in the Table
Table 18 High Yielding variety in agriculture crops
S.No Name of the
crop Name of the High Yielding variety
Special Characteristics
1 Paddy ADT 36, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 45,
BPT 5024, CO(R)50, CO 51, NLR 34449, JGL 1798 and Jyothi
High Yield
2 Pulses Black Gram- VBN5, VBN6, VBN7,
VBN8 Redgram -VBN2, VBN3
High Yield
3 Groundnut VRI2, TMV7, TMV13, VRI6, K6, K9 High Yield
4 Cotton SVPR 2, MCU5 High Yield
9.8 Horticulture
Owing to the climate and soil conditions Sivagangai district and their
suitability to diverse type of cultivation, about seven horticultural crops are
grown in the district. They are Chillies, Cashewnut, Mango, Banana,
Vegetables and Tamarind.
Table 19 The area under cultivation in hectares, under the major
horticulture crops
Crop State Sivagangai Percentage
Chillies 51900 5696 11
Cashew nut 146000 2877 1.97
Mango 143177 2218 1.54
Banana 83710 1005 1.200
Tamarind 43500 475 1.09
Vegetables 243682 345 0.14
Flowers 5529 60 1.08
Total 717498 12676 1.76
28 | P a g e
The district contributes significantly to the state’s area of production
in Chillies, Mango and Banana. The area of cultivation of chillies to the state
is very high (11%). This may be due to the climate which is suitable for
growing the crop under rain-fed conditions and consumption pattern of
Sivagangai district population.
9.9 Other Crops
Table 20 Other crops in Horticulture
S.No Name of the Crop
Area Prodn Provety
1 MEDICINAL
& AROMATIC
CROPS
72 69 0.96
Source http://www.tnhorticulture.tn.gov.in/
9.10 Prioritisation of crops
The main crops cultivated in Sivagangai district are paddy, maize,
millet, Pulses, ragi, cotton, Gingili, coconut, sugarcane and groundnut. Of
these crops, paddy and sugarcane are grown under irrigated conditions and
the remaining crops are cultivated in irrigated and rain fed conditions
in Sivagangai district.
Area and Production of Principal Crops : 2017-18
✓ Important Food Crops : Paddy, Millets, Pulses
✓ Important oil seeds : Groundnut, Gingelly and coconut
✓ Important Non Food Crops : Sugarcane and Cotton
29 | P a g e
9.11 Agriculture Crops
The principal crop of Sivaganga district is paddy. The other crops that
are grown are millets, cereals, pulses, sugarcane, and groundnut. The local
varieties of paddy Nutipathu and Kuliparichan are drought tolerant.
9.12 Major and Minor Crops
Paddy, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Pulses, Sesame these are the major
crops cultivated in Sivaganagai District.
Maize and Millets, minor Millets and Other Cereals these are the minor
crops in Sivaganagai District.
9.13 Millets
Maize, Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Finger millet, foxtail millet, common
millet these are the Millets cultivated in Sivagangai District.
10.0 MARKETING AND STORAGE INFRASTRUTURE.
There are about 18 regulated market for marketing and storage of
different crops of paddy, chillies, groundnut, coconut and cotton. The details
are as below:
Table 21 Marketing and Storage Infrastructure
Source;www.tnauagritechportal.ac.in
S.no Place of Regulated
market Commodotities
1 Sivagangai Paddy,groundnut,cashew
nut,jaggery
2 Thiruppuvanam Paddy,Cotton,Jaggery,Chillies
3 Manamadurai Paddy,Cotton,Jaggery,Chillies
4 Singampunari Groundnut,Cotton
5 Karaikudi Paddy,groundnut,cashew nut
6 Ilayankudi Paddy,groundnut,Chilli,Gingily
7 Devakottai Paddy,groundnut, cashew nut
,Gingily
CHAPTER - X
30 | P a g e
10.1 Uzhavar Sandhai
Table 22 No of Uzhavar Sandhai in Sivagangai District
S.NO PLACE OF UZHAVAR
SANDHAI NO OF SHOPS
1 Devakottai 40
2 Karaikudi 60
3 Thirupathur 18
4 Sivagangai 57
Source;www.tnauagritechportal.ac.in
10.2 Spices Park
Spices Park is located at Muthupatti village of Sivagangai block. It has
been mainly established for Chillies and Turmeric. This Spices Park can be
defined as an industrial park for processing and value addition of Spices and
Spice products (Chillies and Turmeric) and it offers the processing facilities
at par with the international standards.
The establishment of Spices Park in the country is a major initiative of
the Government as part of its commitment that any growth in the country
should be more of agriculture-specific and pro-farmers. The Spice Park will
ensure a better pricing for the produce by shortening the channels in the
supply chain system currently followed locally. The common processing
facilities available in the Spice Park can be utilized by the farming
community for primary processing for improving the quality of their product
and thereby they can directly sell to the exporters.
Spices park, located in Sivagangai district provides good scope for
chillies production and marketing. Spices park is a good platform to promote
new entrepreneurship under TNRTP.
Resource Institutions
✓ Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Kundrakudi,TANUVAS
✓ Dry Land Agriculture Research Institute (DARS- TNAU), Chettinadu
✓ Punjab National Bank Farmers Training Centre ,Pillayarpatti
✓ Pulikulam Cattle Research Station, Mangalam Rd, Tamil Nadu 630606
✓ District Livestock Farm, Kanadukathan
31 | P a g e
These are the Resource Institution in Sivagangai District. These
institutions are providing Training Programme to the Farmers, Farmers
Group, ect. They are providing technical supports to the farmers.
11.0 Agribusiness Opportunities
We have different opportunities in Agriculture sector.
o Nursery development,
o Poly house maintenance and packaging
o Gardener
o Micro Irrigation Technician
o Apiculture
o Mushroom Cultivation
o Retail Marketing of Fruits and vegetables
o Mushroom Production and Processing
o Value added Products in banana – Banana fiber, Jam, Jelly, Biscuits,
Flour, Health drink, Fruit bar, etc.,
o Spice processing units
Table 23 Agribusiness Opportunities
Sl
No Industries
Employment
Potentials Opportunities
1. Food Processing Mango
pulp units , horticulture,
processing
units,Nurseries,Poly
houses
25000 1. Nursery Development, Poly
houses, Packers and
logistics.
2. Contracting and consulting
activities – Horticulture
based farming works
3. Production units for bio-
fertilizers and pesticides
4. Mushroom Production
5. Spice Processing Units.
6. Retail Marketing of Fruits and
vegetables.
CHAPTER - XI
32 | P a g e
11.1 National and state schemes
The Union and State Governments implement various employment
oriented schemes with subsidies to generate more employment
opportunities among the youth.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
The PMFBY was launched in 2016 and replaces all the prevailing yield
insurance schemes in India. The scheme has been launched with an impetus
on crop sector. The scheme has extended coverage under localized risks,
post-harvest losses etc. and aims at adoption of technology for the purpose
of yield estimation. Tamilnadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization
Project (TNIAMP)
TNIAMP II will be implemented in next 6 years from 2018-19 to 2023-
24 and programmed to implement the demonstration under fruits, Hybrid
vegetables, spices and flowers cultivation at an outlay Rs.210.00 crores in
66 sub basins of 30 Districts.
National Agricultural Development Programme (NADP)
Under this scheme, financial assistance is being provided for area
expansion of Horticultural crops of fruits, vegetables, spice crops, plantation
crops etc., establishment of Protected structures like Poly green house and
Shadenet, Permanent Pandal System, etc.
Chief Minister's Rural Vegetable Production Programme (CMRVPP)
This scheme is being implemented to bridge the gap between the
recommended consumption of vegetables and the actual consumption of
Vegetables especially in rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Through this scheme, 12
lakh Vegetable seed kits are being distributed at 100% subsidized price to
every Panchayat of Tamil Nadu.
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture- MIDH-NHM
National Horticulture Mission is a sub scheme under the Mission for
Integrated Development of Horticulture. The scheme encourages crop
diversification and promotion of hi-tech practices to ensure holistic growth
of Horticulture. It is a centrally sponsored scheme with the assistance of
60% from Government of India and 40% by the State Government.
33 | P a g e
11.2 Allied Sectors
11.3 Animal Husbandry
Dariying is the most common allied activity at the district. The Poultry
farms are also found to some extent.
There is existence of good veterinary infra structure – 2 Veterinary
Hospitals 78 Veterinary Dispensaries and 47 Sub Centres to cater to these.
Table 24 Veterinary Infrastructure
Veterinary Institutions
a. Poly Clinic -----
b. Veterinary Hospitals 2
c. Veterinary Dispensaries 78
d. Clinical Centers ----
e. Sub Centers 47
f. Mobile Unit ----
Poultry Development
a. No of Poultry Farms 89
b. Layers Birds 253468
c. Broilers 409000
d. Domestic / Backyard Poultry 2500
Live Stock and Poultry Population
a. Cattle 370204
b. Buffaloes 7743
c. Sheep 680802
d. Goat 4,92,356
e. Poultry 950656
11.4 Dairy development
a. Dairy units: 1
b. Milk Chilling Unit: 12
c. No.of Milk co-operative societies : 334
d. Milk Production (Lakh Litres): 0.66
Table 25 Monthwise Milk Procurement Details (Avg. LPD)
34 | P a g e
Month 2010
-
2011
2011
-
2012
2012
-
2013
2013
-
2014
2014
-
2015
2015
-
2016
2016
-
2017
2017
-
2018
2018
-
2019
April 27233 25698 37026 43015 46261 56452 53287 51745 58202
May 31681 33923 44886 42618 52249 58804 58871 50540 62210
June 35631 37657 48449 46991 56590 61112 67018 52605 67449
July 38209 39403 47373 46381 48659 58905 62765 52002 57878
Aug. 34606 37550 45585 45094 43537 58242 64711 50034 50700
Sep. 32978 34521 46203 48207 42359 53729 65812 54257 51450
Oct. 31102 31883 45523 45182 43504 53928 59180 55203 -
Nov. 24636 29065 43842 50157 43167 55633 62046 62617 -
Dec. 19248 28896 43855 52034 50444 55290 66187 70699 -
Jan. 20453 29974 39483 53580 54625 58135 61747 68613 -
Feb. 20386 30358 39452 49257 54042 55060 59334 62960 -
Mar. 22046 32864 44669 48233 53170 51944 54859 56043 -
Avg. 28,184 32,649 43,862 47,562 49,051 56,436 61,318 57,182 -
Source: Aavin Karaikudi
From above table procurement of milk gradually got increased.
Especially 2016-2017 got good results in procurement of milk. It provides
gainful employment and supplementary income to large number of people.
Dairy sector contributes significantly on poverty reduction and development
of rural areas. We have possibility to produce by products from milk.
11.5 Poultry
Strength -Favourable climate – hot & dry weather vast availability of land.
Opportunities - Very High demand for chicken meat, Promotion of broiler
integration by private hatcheries
Chicks produced in hatcheries (Lakh Nos). : 46,16,000
11.6 Fisheries
Fisheries Development and Production
As the district is not endowed with a coastal line and is bound by land
on all sides, the activity is confined to inland fish farming in ponds, tanks,
lakes and other suitable water bodies which covers mainly fresh water fish
culture and fresh water prawn culture. Fishing is also undertaken in
reservoirs and by taking village ponds on lease.
35 | P a g e
Table 26 Inland fisheries production
Sl.No. Block/Municipalitie
s Quantity (Tons)
Value (Rs. in Cr)
1. Sivaganga 3.0 0.056
2. Kalayarkoil 6.0 0.042
3. Manamadurai 62.0 0.434
4. Thiruppuvanam 82.0 0.574
5. Ilyankudi 9.0 0.063
6. Devakottai 6.0 0.042
7. Kannangudi 4.0 0.028
8. Sakkottai 22.0 0.154
9. Kallal 8.0 0.056
10 Thiruppathur 12.0 0.084
11. Singampunari 10.0 0.070
12. S.Pudur 3.0 0.021
Total 227 1.624
11.7 Sericulture
Table 27 Mulberry and Cocoons production
Name of the
block
Area under
Mulberry (Acres )
Production of
Cocoons (kg)
Value in (Rs. in
Lakhs)
Sivaganga 45.00/15 8000 32.00
Kalayar koil 40.00/15 20000 80.00
Manamadurai 18.00/12 10800 43.00
Thiruppuvanam 15.00/10 8250 3.00
Kallal 30.00/13 21000 73.50
Singampunari 15.00/10 7500 30.00
S.Pudur 20.00/10 12000 48.00
Ilyankudi 25.00/15 20000 80.00
Kannangudi 20.00/10 16000 64.00
Sakkottai 15.00/10 12000 48.00
Devakottai 18.50/6 8400 33.60
Thiruppathur 25.00/4 20000 75.00
Total 286.50/130 163950 610.10
Source: Asst Inspector of Sericulture, Technical service centre, Sivagangai
Sericulture comprises of cultivation of mulberry, silkworm rearing and
silk reeling activities.n Sericulture provides livelihood opportunity for
millions owing to the high employment opportunities, low capital and high
remunerative nature. The farmers harvest the cocoon and bring the same to
Govt. Cocoon markets for selling their produce.
Based on the above data 25% of the cocoons produced in TNRTP 3
blocks (Kalayarkoil, Devakottai,Manamadurai).
36 | P a g e
12. INDUSTRIAL SCENARIO OF SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT
Presently, the export of Mangoes is being done by a private agency in
Kallal block. Other traders in Ilayankudi, Kalayarkoil, Sivagangai,
Manamadurai, Singampunari and S-Pudur blocks are also doing exports in
various products including, Jherkins, Pickles, Masala Powders, Coco-Piths,
agri-products, coir mats/areca leaf plates, Mangoes, etc., to USA and
European countries. SHG Women/artisans are also engaged in the
production of fine Palm Leaf/banana-fibre articles in Manamadurai in
Sivagangai District. These products are being exported to America, London,
France, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, Japan, and Netherlands through
Agencies.
Table 28 Industrial Scenario
S.no Head Unit Particulars
1 REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL
UNIT
No 7428
2 TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT No 8100
3 REGISTERED MEDIUM &
LARGE UNIT
No 33 (18+15)
4 ESTIMATED AVG. NO. OF
DAILY WORKER EMPLOYED
IN SMALL SCALE
INDUSTRIES
No 5 PER UNIT
5 EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE AND
MEDIUM INDUSTRIES
No 6690
6 NO. OF INDUSTRIAL AREA No 9
7 TURNOVER OF SMALL SCALE
IND.
In Lacs 1107.50 CRORES
8 TURNOVER OF MEDIUM
&LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
In Lacs 965.87 CRORES
12.1 Sugar Industry:
The Sakthi Sugar Factory is located in Sivagangai. It has capability of
producing more than 5000 tons of sugar per day. It provides employment to
more than 1000 people directly and indirectly.
CHAPTER - XII
37 | P a g e
12.2 Solar Power Farm:
The district has a long summer and has a short span of rainy season.
To harvest the available resources and generating power with the help of
renewable resources (Sun Shine), Moser Bear clean energy Limited has
commissioned a 5 MW grid connected solar PV project at Sivagangai. The
project was awarded to Sapphire Industrial infrastructure Pvt Ltd., a
subsidiary of MBCEL, through a competitive bidding process conducted by
the Tamil Nadu Renewable Energy Development Agency. The project
implemented under the 50 MW generations based on the incentive scheme
of Government of India.
12.3 Television Plant
Videocon is setting up a Rs. 1600 crore pant for colour television sets
and other electronic consumer durables at Manamadurai.
The number of registered industrial units as at March 2015 was 884
with an investment of about Rs. 30842 lakhs, which provided direct
employment to about 6297 persons.
12.4 Large Scale industries in Sivagangai District
Table 29 Large Scale industries
Sl.
No
Name of the
Industry
Address/
Location
Line of
activity
Inves
tment
(Rs. In
Lakhs)
Empl
oym
ent
1
M/S Sakthi Sugars Ltd
Kannariruppu, Mathur,
Padamathur-post
Sivagangi-Dist
White Crystal
Sugar
9343 394
2 M/S Sri Kannathal
Textiles (p) Ltd
Okkur,
Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton
Yarn
1000
300
3 M/S Shree Vadivambigai Textile
Mills Ltd
Sakkanthi, Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton Yarn
1340 610
4
M/S Shree Jaya Soundaram textile
Mills (P) Ltd
Madagupatti, Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton Yarn
1923 485
5 TAMIN
Pudupatti,
Sivagangai-Dist
Graphite 2800 170
38 | P a g e
Sl. No
Name of the Industry
Address/ Location
Line of activity
Investmen
t (Rs.
In Lakh
s)
Empl
oyment
6 M/S Chindhamani textile Mills
Arasanoor Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton Yarn
1263 167
7 M/S Kaleeswaraar
Mills “B” unit
Kalayarkovil
Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton
Yarn
1129 401
8 M/S Varadhalakshmi Mills ltd
Rajagambeeram, Manamadurai-TK
Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton Yarn
1707 450
9
M/S MM Forgings Ltd
Singampuneri, Sivagangai-Dist
Corhan Steel,
Alloy Steel and
Stainless Steel
forging
1448 304
10 M/S Shree KadoriAmbal Mills(P)
Ltd
Perattankottai, Devakottai-TK,
Sivagangai-Dist
Cotton Yarn
2765 650
11 M/S Tamilnadu Chemical products
Ltd
Koviloor Sivagangai-Dist
Sodium Hydro
Sulphate
5811 109
12 M/S Annamalaiyar Paper mills Ltd
Ooravayal, Puduvayal Via,
Sivagangai-Dist
Paper mills
3900
75
13
Tamilnadu Chemicals Products and power
plant unit
Koviloor, Sivagangai-Dist
Bio mass Power
Plant
3600 25
14
Sakthi Sugar Ltd.,
Power plant unit
Padamathur,
Sivagangai-Dist
Bio mass
Power Plant
15000 200
15
Indane Gas Filling
Station (GOI undertaking)
Ilayangudi,
Sivagangai-Dist
Gas Filling
16
E.I.D Parry India Ltd
Udaikulam,
Sivagangai-Dist
De-
Ethanel and
rectified spirit
6000 200
17 R.L Solar power
Plant
Marakkathur-
Village,
Power
Generatio
1200 20
39 | P a g e
Sl. No
Name of the Industry
Address/ Location
Line of activity
Investmen
t (Rs.
In Lakh
s)
Empl
oyment
Sivagangai-Dist n
18
Solar Power Plant
Muthupatti, Sivagangai-Dist
Power Generatio
n
1000 20
19
M/S Spices park Kottagudi,
Sivagangai-Dist
Pre
cleaning , steam
sterilizing
of Turmeric,
Chillies, Coriander
2000 100
12.5 Export Oriented Units
M/S Ravi Bala Import and Exports: It is a unit manufacturing of
processed Gherkins, pickles, coir piths block and exported above items to
other countries for an amount of Rs. 880 Lakhs annually.
M/S Quantum Drugs and Chemicals: The unit is functioning in
SIPCOT Complex, Manamadurai in the district, manufacturing Dolophite
(Drugs) used as raw materials for diabetic medicines and exporting to USA
M/SKaraikudi Arts and Crafts and M/S KALING Grafts
Karaikudi, Manufacturing artistic wood items and exporting to other
countries.
40 | P a g e
12.6 Small Scale Enterprises
Table 30 Small Scale Enterprises
Sl. No
Name of the
Industry, Address / Location
Line of
activity
Investme
nt (Rs. In
Lakhs)
Employmen
t
1 Olimpic Spinning Mills, ArasanaruSivagangai-
district
Cotton Yarn 228 54
2
Aurobindo Agro Energy
Pvt Ltd., Kalayarkovil,
Sivagangai-district
Bio mass
power plant
464 100
3
The indian Home pipes
Co. Ltd., Madurai, Ramnad
Road,
Manalur-village, silaiman Post,
Sivagangai-district
PVC pipes and
allied products
67 66
4
Tamil Nadu Chlorates
Ltd.,Sayanapuram Village,
Puliyur, Sivagangai-district
Chlorate 220 80
5
Sreekumar Textiles Pvt
Ltd., Poovanthi, Sivagangai-
district
Cotton Yarn 434 250
6
TNCSC, Modern Rice Mill
, SIPCOT
Complex, Manamadurai, Sivagangai-district
Rice Mill 350 67
7
SIPCOT Complex, Manamadurai,
Sivagangaidistrict
Fibre Reinforcement
Plastic pipe
(FRP Pipes)
791
20
8
Sri Nachammal cotton Mills Ltd,
L.F,Road, Chettinad,
Sivagangaidistrict
Cotton Yarn 931 700
9
SreeSnehavallio Textiles
ltd, Sankarapuram,
Sivagangaidistrict
Cotton Yarn 623
250
41 | P a g e
Sl.
No
Name of the Industry, Address /
Location
Line of activity
Investment
(Rs. In Lakhs)
Employment
10
Malar Sovent Extraction (P) Ltd,
Aranthanki Road,
Karunavalkudi, Sivagangai-district
Rice Bran Oil 127 45
11 Heritage Paper mills Mithravayal, Puduvayal,.
Sivagangai-district
Paper Mill 520 42
12 Kathirvel Textiles Mills Natchiyarpuram,
Sivagangaidistrict
Cotton Yarn 600 100
13 M/s Loyal Textiles, Arasanoor,
Sivagangai-district
Cotton Yarn
14
Ellijeey Textiles (P) Ltd, Dindigul
Road Singampuneri, Sivagangaidistrict
Cotton Yarn 228 124
15
Alagamma Cotton Mills,
MelaSimponneri, Sivagangaidistrict
Cotton Yarn
12.7 LIST OF EXISTING INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS
Table 31 Lists of Existing Industrial Clusters
Sl. No.
Name of Cluster Location Product
1 Engineering Sivagangai Engineering Fabrication
2 Electro Plating Industry
Pottapalayam (all the units in the
border of Sivagangai&
Madurai) and Tiruppuvanam
Electroplating for cycle, auto
and other engineering components
42 | P a g e
Sl. No.
Name of Cluster Location Product
3 Coir Singampunari Fibre extraction and Yarn spinning & Mat and
Mattress
4 Rice Mill Puduvayal and Pallathur
Rice
5 Brass Lamps /
KuthuVilakku
Ariyakudi Brass artifacts
6 Tiles Manufacturing Athangudi Ornamental traditional tiles
7 Mud pots & Clay
items
Manamadurai Earthen items / artifacts
8 Brick works Manamadurai Chamber bricks
Table 32 Lists of Ngo’s
Sl. No.
Name of NGO”s Address
1 IYAL Foundation Kalugarkadai -sivagangai
2 Integrated Rural Community Development Society
Madurai Road Sivagangai
3 Rise Educational Trust Tiruppuvanam
4 Bright Annai Theresa Mahalir
Society
Melur Road Sivagangai
5 IRCDS Madurai Road Sivagangai
6 Adikalar Foundation Manamadurai
7 Barathi Grama Mahalir Nala
Mandram
Manamadurai
8 Environmental Action Trust Kanirangal Sivagangai
9 CARE AID Trust Managudi Sivagangai
10 Cultural Action & Rural
Development Society
Sivagangai
11 People Association for Growth and Education
Tiruppuvanam
12 ANBU Trust Tirukollagudi
13 Association for Multipurpose
Social & Rural development
Thirupatthur Road Sivagangai
14
Grama Kalvi Mattrum
Sutrupura
Sugathara Sangam
Sivagangai
15 Gramadhana Nirman Sangam Melur Road Sivagangai
16 DESAM Education Trust Sivagangai
43 | P a g e
13. Investment opportunities ➢ Agri based industry
➢ Tourism
➢ Dairy Products
➢ Country/ Desi birds rearing(Poultry)
➢ Food products (Chettinad Snacks)
➢ Goat rearing
➢ Pottery
➢ Brassware making
➢ Wood carving
➢ Oil Extraction unit
➢ Organic sanitary Napkins production
13.1 Service sectors
Scope of Service sector
Once made a center for tourism, it would require proper
transportation facility, both public and private. In this scenario introducing
cabs and share auto will create an opportunity for development.
Temple related business ventures
Likewise, many religious places would become a big space for selling
many products related to deity worship. It includes coconut shops,
production and selling of agarbathis (incense sticks), candles, garlands,
milk, sambrani (incense cones) and camphor
Bead garlands, fancy jewelry and rock crystal garlands and other
handiworks and artifact created by tribal people can be sold to the tourists.
Indian Medicine
❖ No .of Hospitals : 11
❖ Primary Health Centres : 26
❖ Beds in Hospitals and Dispensaries : 16
❖ Total Number of Doctors : 41
❖ Pharmacist : 24
CHAPTER - XIII
44 | P a g e
Homeopathy
❖ No. of Hospitals : 1
❖ Total Number of Doctors : 2
❖ Pharmacies : 3
Table 33 No of Hospitals, Dispensaries, Bed strength, Doctors
and Nurses
Classification Modern
Medi
cine
Indian Medicine
Homoeop
athy
Grand Total Ayur-
Vedic Sid-dha
Una-ni
Ayurvedic
Siddha Unani
combined/ Yoga
and
Naturo
Total
Hospitals (GH-
WCH)
17 - 12 - - 12 1 30
Dispensaries/ESI
4 - - - - - - 4
Pri. Health Centre
47 2 21 1 2 26 2 75
Urbam Health
Post
4 - - - - - - 4
Health sub Centre
275 - - - - - - 275
Other Medicals
TB Sanatorium
1 - - - - - - 1
Bed Strength 893 - 61 - - 61 - 954
No.of Doctors 225 - 12 - - - - 225
No.of Nurses 132 - - - - - - 132
No.of SN 184 - - - - - - 184
No.of VHN 253 - - - - - - 253
No.of ANM 25 - - - - - - 25
Pharmasist 29 - - - - - - 29
Others 183 - - - - - - 183
45 | P a g e
13.2 Scope for health sectors
There are many hospitals in Karaikudi and Devakottai, where there is
availability of highly trained doctors. There are lots of hospitals and Primary
health centers run by the government which provides medical assistance to
the needy people. There are both government and private hospitals which
can be utilized whenever needed. Likewise, Madurai is a center for research
in medicine and better health care is also available in Madurai, which can be
utilized
13.3 CO-OPERATIVE BANKS & SOCIETIES
i. Sivaganga Dist. Central co-operative Bank : 1
ii. Co-op. PA AND RD Bank : 6
iii. Primary Agri. co-op. Bank : 124
iv. Farmer Co-op Society : 1
v. Co-op Urban Bank : 2
vi. Employees Co op Store 3
vii. Primary and Students Co-op Stores : 8
viii. Labour Contract Society : 2
ix. Dist Whole Sale store : 1
x. Dist. Co-op Union : 1
xi. Marketing Society : 2
xii. Co-op. Printing Press : 1
xiii. Co-op. Urban Credit Society : 1
xiv. Urban Co-op. Store : 2
xv. Employee Co-op. Credit society : 56
xvi. Sivaganga Dist. Adhi-Dravida Thrift Society : 1
46 | P a g e
14. TOURISM
The existence of rich heritage structures / places as well as prominent
pilgrimage centres at the district, makes heritage tourism as a viable
enterprise activities – Guides, Village Stay etc., which are not available at
present.
VETTANGUDI BIRD SANCTUARY SIVAGANGAI
Vettangudi bird sanctuary
located in sivagangai district and
it was a mesmerizing tourist spot.
The villagers has not
celebrating the fireworks during
the deepavali timings even due to
save the birds breeding at the
season timings. Lakhs of foreign
birds has come to vettangudi and
stayed for a long time for breed.
Nice weather, excellent water and
safety are the important reasons
for their peaceful breed.
Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary is a
0.384 km² beautiful protected
area, since June 1977 near from
Thirupattur in the head quarters
of Sivaganga District.
CHETTINAD PALACE
Located in the Sivaganga
district of Tamil Nadu, the
majestic architecture of Chettinad
Palace is a beautiful example of
the indigenous Chettinad
architecture. The palace also
houses a number of figurines
which will effortlessly transport
you back to the pages of history.
A marvellous edifice, the palace is
a sumptuous experience for all.
CHAPTER - XIV
47 | P a g e
PILLAIYARPATTI
Karpaga Vinayagar Temple
is one of the oldest Cave Temples
(Rock Cut) of Tamilnadu and
situated at Pillayarpatti, Which is
between Pudukkottai and
Karaikudi. Pillayarpatti is situated
at a distance of 71kms from
Madurai and 12 kms from
Karaikudi on Thirupathur –
Karaikudi State Highway.
Vinayagar Chathurthi festival
during August-September is the
main festival of the temple.
KUNDRAKUDI TEMPLE
Kundram means hillock and
Kudi means village. Hence this
village is called Kundrakudi. This
Shanmuganathar Temple is an
abode of Lord Murugan called
“Shanmuga” with six faces and 12
hands. Kundrakudi is 10 km from
Karaikudi and 12 km form
Tirupathur.
SWARNA MOORTHEESWARAR TEMPLE, KANDADEV
The Village Kandadevi is
situated 3 kms away from
Devakottai Town. Here the temple
is dedicated to Lord Shiva and
called as Arulmigu Swarna
Moortheeswarar alias
Siragilinathar. The Amman is
called as Periya Nayaki Amman.
This is a 350 years old temple.
48 | P a g e
BATHIRAKALIAMMAN TEMPLE, MADAPURA
Madappuram Kali Temple a
Powerful God from Sivagangai
District. Madapuram is a small
village in Sivaganga District.
Madapuram Bathra Kaliamman
temple is located at a distance of
25 kms from Madurai. The main
deity here is Bathra Kali Amman.
This temple is 500 to 1000 years
old.
MUTHUMARIAMMAN TEMPLE, THAYAMANGALAM
Thayamangalam
Muthumariamman Kovil one of
the powerful and fame temple in
Sivagangai District
.Thayamangalam Kovil is a
powerful temple and the primary
God Muthumari Amman resolves
all the problems of people who
pray to her. The black stone
statue of the Goddess and the
temple was built in the year
1914.
VETTUDAIYAR KALIAMMAN TEMPLE, KOLLANGUDI
Kollangudi is a small village
10 kms east of Sivagangai
Madurai-Thondi Road. Kollan in
tamil means blacksmith, Kudi
means village. This is the village
where arms, warfare equipments
were made for Marudhu, hance
derived its name Kollan Kudi. This
village is famous for Vettudaiyar
Kaliamman Temple.
49 | P a g e
KANNUDAYA NAYAKI AMMAN TEMPLE,
NATTARASANKOTTAI
Kannudaya Nayaki Amman
temple is situated in
Naatarasankottai at about 9 kms
from Sivaganga on the Madurai
Thondi Road. The temple was
constructed in the 18th century
by nagarathars. The Amman is
seen in a standing posture with
8hands and has an “udukkai” and
“muvizhai soolam” in her hands.
Her left leg stamps the Asura by
name Mahishan. The Temple is
famous for its architectural
beauty and golden kumbhams
over the temple tower
SORNA KALEESWARAR TEMPLE, KALAIYARKOIL
Maruthubrother's Sorna
Kaleeswarar Temple, Kalaiyarkoil
and Bus Route from various
places along with Kalaiyarkoil
Temple History is here for the
world wide tourists. Kalaiyarkoil
located 15 km from Sivagangai.
Kalaiyarkovil was the seat of the
kings from very early days. Sorna
Kaleeswarar Temple was the
stronghold of the rulers of
Sivagangai Kingdom with a well
built widespread fort.
50 | P a g e
THIRUKKOSHTIYUR TEMPLE
Thirukoshtiyur Sowmya
Narayana Perumal Temple is an
ancient shrine located about 10
kms from Tiruppathur in
Tirupathur in Tirupathur –
Sivaganga Road. It is a popular
Vaishnavita Temple. It is
considered as Badrinath of South
India. It is one of the 108 Divya
Desams of Lord Vishnu, revered
by the tamil hymns of Alwars.
Preiazhwar in his work
“Periazhwar Thirumozhi”
visualizes Thirukoshtiyur as the
birth place of Sri Krishna.
PIRANMALAI SEIK OLIYULLAH DARGAH
Piranmalai Seik Oliyullah
Dargah holds religious
significance for the Muslims. The
dargah is located about 40 km
from the town of Karaikudi. Many
tourists, regardless of their
religion, visit the dargah every
year because it is believed that
those who worship and pray at
the dargah get their wishes
fulfilled.
IDAIKATTUR CHRUCH
Idaikattur is a village in
Sivaganga. It is at a distance of
37 kms towards the Madurai on
the Madurai – Rameswaram
national highway. This unique
Church of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus was built in Gothic
Architectural Style in the year
1894 AD by a French missionary
Fr. Ferdinand Cells SJ. This is a
replica of the Rheims Cathedral in
France.
51 | P a g e
MATHUR TEMPLE
The Mathur temple is
another clan temple, a little over
5 km from Karaikudi.
Archaeological records suggest
that the temple and the
inhabitation of the area date as
back as over 1500 years ago. The
nearly 70-foot tall Rajagopuram
here has been constructed in five
storeys. The temple is dedicated
to Lord Ainootheswarar and his
consort Periyanayaki.
TIRUMALAI
A rock painting in red ochre
showing a human figure astride a
horse, in the Tirumalai hill.The
Tirumalai hill in Sivaganga district
of Tamil Nadu stands in the midst
of paddy fields as far as the eye
can see.
The hill may be obscure
now but resonates with ancient
history. Rock paintings dating
back to the 5th century B.C.; two
Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions of the
first century B.C. (Sangam Age);
several Jaina beds (pillow lofts)
hewn out of the rock floor of the
caverns; a swastika sign incised
on a Jaina bed, not found in other
Jaina sites in Tamil Nadu; a rock-
cut temple of the 8th century
A.D. of the early Pandya period;
Kaniyan Pungundranar
Kaniyan
Pūngundranār
was an
influential Tamil
philosopher
from the
Sangam age.
His name
Kaniyan implies
that he was an Thiruppatur taluk
of Sivaganga district in the state
of Tamil astronomer as it is a
Tamil word referring
mathematics. He was born and
brought up in Mahibalanpatti, a
village panchayat in the Nadu,
India. He composed two poems in
Purananuru and Natrinai. His
famous Tamil quote "Yaadhum
Oore Yaavarum Kelir" is at
present depicted in the United
Nations Organisation.
52
KAMBAR TOMB – NATTARASANKOTTAI ,SIVAGANGAI
The famous poet Kambar, who
translated Valmiki Ramayana to Tamil,
spent his last days in Nattarasankottai
and his tomb is situated here.
PARIVALLAL
The name Parambumalai
slowly became Pirambumalai and
now the place is called as
Piranmalai. The main reason for
his popularity is his generous and
kind nature which had made him
a magnanimous philanthropist
who gives to all, never saying ‘no’
to anyone. The story of Paari, the
King, giving his chariot to protect
the jasmine plant from dying is a
legend that stands as an example
for his generosity.
OKKUR MAASATHIAR
The history of Okkur
extends back more than 2000
years. This Village was a battle
field in Sangam period.citation
needed Okkur Maasathiyar, a
female poet, lived
here[okkur,sivagangai district]
and she mentioned this village in
Puranaanuru.
53
KEEZHADI EXCAVATION
An excavation was carried out in
Keezhadi village of Sivagangai
district in Tamil Nadu where
archaeologists have made some
major discoveries which will add
to the Indian history pages. As
per historians, the artefacts
unearthed in the region have a
possible link between the scripts
of the Indus Valley Civilisation
and Tamil Brahmi (language).
IMPORTANT TOURISM SPOTS:
➢ Heritage sites. Known for Nagarathar Homes
• Kanadukathan
• Kottaiyur
• Pallathur
• Puduvayal
• Kandanur
• Chettinad
• Puduvayal
SCOPE FOR TOURISM
Trained guides will be required to help the tourists, which could
become a viable job opportunity.
Sivagangai one of the historical place in Tamilnadu and its located
50kms away from Madurai. Sprinkled with temples and a host of other
religious places, Sivagangai is yet another tourism attraction in the state
of Tamil Nadu that has gradually emerged as a somewhat popular travel
destination.
Keeladi has become a site of selfies and a market for small-scale
vendors selling knick-knacks and snacks. A senior official from the
tourism department in charge of Sivaganga and Ramanathapuram says
that the crowds had helped boost the local economy.
54
Business opportunity
➢ Tour operators
➢ Travel Guide
➢ Boarding and Lodging
➢ Traditional Hotels
➢ Restaurant
➢ Snacks
➢ Bakery
➢ Photographers
➢ Souvenir Shop
Challenges Confronting Tourism
✓ Safety and security
✓ Lack of proper infrastructure
✓ Human resources
✓ Taxation
✓ Insufficient promotion and marketing
15 Qualitative Skill Gaps
High levels of disguised unemployment:
Sivaganga continues to remain an agrarian economy. Industrial
activity in the district is relatively low, with most of the industrial activity
restricted to Thirupatthur. Agricultural produce in Sivaganga is limited to
a few crops such as paddy and cereals. Owing to the lack of alternate
economic opportunities a large proportion of the people continue to be
engaged in agriculture despite the meagre wages and low productivity
There is low awareness of opportunities for skill development. The
youth in rural areas also cited the non-availability of information about
skill training programs as a constraint to enrolling in vocational education.
In spite of relatively strong higher education infrastructure in the
state, there are significant skill gaps in the state are qualitative in nature.
The rapid capacity expansion has led to a huge variance in the quality of
CHAPTER - XV
55
institutes and therefore, the human resource availability. Primary
research suggests that a relatively low percentage of semi skilled and
skilled graduates are employable. For engineers, the ratio is as low as one
in 200. This often leads to students working in industries that are
unrelated to their educational qualifications, highlighting the inherent
inefficiencies in the skilling and job matching process prevalent within the
state.
16.0 Banking and credit
7309 SHGs received sum of Rs. 493.63 Crores, 47 PLFs received
sum of Rs.10.34 Crores from various nationalised and central cooperative
banks in TNRTP blocks. (Source: TNSRLM).
16.1 Micro Finance Institution
There are significant number of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and Financial Institutions providing access of finance to poor and rural
enterprises at the district. The major ones are :
• Equitas Small Finance Bank.
• L&T Finance Ltd.
• Muthoot Fincorp.
• Bajaj Finserv.
• Repco Micro Finance.
• Sunrise Associates Micro Finance.
• Idhayam G Micro Finance.
• HDFC Micro Finance.
• Sarvodhaya Nano Finance Ltd.
• Samunnati Finance.
• ICICI Micro Finance.
• IDBI Micro Finance.
• Madura Micro Finance Ltd.
• Asirvatham Micro Finance Ltd.
• Mahashemam Micro Finance Ltd.
• Virutcham Micro Finance Ltd.
CHAPTER - XVI
56
However, the finance extended by these institutions are mostly for
non priority purposes and enterprises and enterprise finance portfolio is a
bigger share of MFIs during recent times.
SCOPE FOR MFI (Micro Finance Institution)
One of the places with more number of banks in India is Sivagangai.
It is connected by various nationalized banks. There are lots of ATM
centers, RRCs, HDFC, ICICI, Agricultural banks, Cooperative Societies
and other nationalized banks.
PERIYAKOTTAI BRINJAL
There were many types of
brinjal grown in different parts of
the State but those grown in
Periyakottai and nearby villages
in Sakkottai block of this district
stand out for their unique
features and taste.Farmers in this
region grow three different
species – pale green, pale green
with blue stripes and violet with
stripes and these varieties were
not grown anywhere else in the
district. The salient feature of the
variety was that the fruits would
grow big in size but still tender
and tasty.
CHETTINAD KANDANGI SAREE
Tamil Nadu’s Kandangi sari,
a premier Chettinad weave, was
recently granted the Geographical
status by the Geographical
Indication Registry. Kandangi
Saree received Geographical
Indicator tag on 30th of August
2019.
17.0 TRADITIONAL AND ANTIQUE
CHAPTER - XVII
57
BRASSWARE – KARAIKUDI
Brass is considered to be
superior (social
relevance/perception) to all other
metals, and brass products are
one of the famous handmade
crafts in Karaikudi.
Lamp is one of the products made
from brass which is an alloy of
copper. Bride carrying the 'Kuthu
Villakku' (sliver or brass oil lamp),
to her in-law's house, as a symbol
of bringing prosperity is a
tradition practiced till date. These
lamps come in varying styles
Yaanai Villakku (elephant carrying
a lamp), Thavalum Pillai (Crawling
Krishna) and so on. Products like,
diyas, bells etc. are made in brass
to be used for poojas/worshipping
and also for decorative purposes.
Big, medium and small lamps are
the types of lamps with varying
size from 4inches to two feet. Oil
lamp mainly consists of 3 parts
Bottom half, Body and Top half.
CHETTINAD KOTTAN
The Chettinad Kottans were originality palm leaf baskets woven in
the Chettinad region by the women of the Chettiar community as a hobby
craft. They were used for gifting and & during rituals and festivals. Now
the Kottan is woven by women of other communities who reside within
the geographical area of Chettinad in Sivagangai District and have been
trained by the Chettiar women under the guidance of the Revive Kottan
Society.
Beautiful Baskets and boxes crafted out of palm leaves which are
dried and dyed in bright colours. it is a Very traditional dying handicraft
and only a few women in Tamilnadu are adopt at this craft. this craft is
now being revived and is able to sustain the livelihood of many women.
Snacks and Sweets are wrapped with palm leaf.
Chettinad Kottan received Geographical Indicator tag on 4th of
March 2013.
Source: http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
58
ATHANGUDI TILES
Source: Interaction with TNSRLM officials, Sivagangai.
Athangudi Tiles are handmade at Athangudi, a small town in
Sivanganga district of Tamilnadu, Southern India. As there was already
trade happening between India and the Western countries during the
colonial era Western made tiles are popular among the rich and famous of
the region. But due to the difficulty in getting a replacement for any
damaged tiles or worn out tiles because of usage and the prohibitive cost
to arrange them they decided to make their own tiles and the ‘Athangudi
Tiles’ were born.
Majority of the population of the town of Athangudi are involved in
creating these exclusive tiles. The craft of making the hand made tiles are
passed from generation to generation. The tiles are much cherished by
the erstwhile rulers of the region and also the colonial rulers. The tiles are
rich in colour and intricate in design. The timeless designs are an
influence of the culture and heritage of people of Karaikudi famously
known as Chettinad which has been declared a heritage town by the
Tamilnadu Government. As a pride of their origin almost all the Chettinad
households use these tiles for their homes.
MANAMADURAI POTTERY
From Manamadurai of
Sivaganga District, traditional
pottery artisans those who are
performing clay craft for
generations were chosen for the
study. There were 120 families in
village practicing this craft. The
livelihood of those families largely
depends on pottery industry.
59
Table 34 Annual Production of pottery in Manamadurai
S.No Year Producti
on
Gro
wth
Sales Gro
wth
Profit Gro
wth
Lo
ss
1 2008-09 2353466 - 283437
8
- 309878 - -
2 2009-10 2378107 1.01 2866598
1.01 213544 0.69 -
3 2010-11 2137774 0.89 250802
3
0.87 50258 0.24 -
4 2011-12 2968711 1.39 3465608
1.38 277249 5.52 -
5 2012-13 2464458 0.83 288260
6
0.83 230608 0.83 -
6 2013-14 3952373 1.61 461930
8
1.61 312505 1.36 -
Source: Annual report of the Manamaduari Potter’s Society 2013-2014
From above table it is inferred that the society is running
successfully and showing profit. But the growth rate has fluctuation
because of the change of leadership during those periods in the society.
CHETTINAD SNACKS
Our Indian regional recipes always tempt taste buds of food lovers
all over the world. In Chettinad it is a kind of home-based food industry
established by Nagarathars to develop innovative food technologies for
reaching worldwide snack lovers.
Source: Chettinadu Snacks Online
It is not only the taste, but also providing healthy diet through
careful mix of all spices and Ingredients. Original taste depends on how
far the conventional grinding and cooking methods are followed.
60
18.Commodity Prioritization in TNRTP Blocks
• Crops- Paddy, Sugarcane
• Vegetables- Chilli, Tomato, Okra, Brinjal • Fruits-Mango, Banana, Papaya, Guava, Sapota, Jack fruit
• Others-Coconut and Coir fibres
• Tourism • Dairy Products and retail outlet
• Country/Native birds rearing • Marachekku edible oil
• Herbal Products • Millet Products and Bakery
COMMODITY PRIORITIZATION TABLE
s.
no Criteria Description
COMMODITY
Paddy &
Sugancane
Chilly Coconu
t
Fruits&
Vegetables
1
Trend in
number of areas
cultivated in the
commodity
For commodities
which has large
number of areas.
Water Intensi
ve crop.
Hence
not prioriti
zed
positive positive positive
2 Community
Interest
Economic viability,
Staple food, Knowledge and
technology availability,
Extension services,
Awareness about Market availability
Poor rainfall
and migrati
on of people,l
ands are
converted in to
construction
sites.
Poor rainfall
and migratio
n of
people
Poor rainfall
and migration of
people
3
State/Nation
al Priority (Thrust from
government)
State/National
Government Schemes and
Investments
positive Positive positive
CHAPTER - XVIII
61
4 Comparative
advantage
Production,
Favourable climatic conditions, GI type
characteristics, Uniqueness
emerging out of Ethnicity and
culture, A prevalent cluster.
Not prioriti
zed due to
high water
requirement
positive Positive positive
5 Access to
Market
Ability to sell the
produce at a remunerative
price- Local, National &
International markets.
positive Positive positive
6
Opportunity
for Value Chain
Interventions
Productivity and value-added
products.
positive Positive positive
COMMODITY TREND ANALYSIS
Year Chilli Coconut Fruits and vegetables
2015-16 3331 6075 3572
2016-17 2106 6559 3575
2017-18 1830 5901 2584
62
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
Value chain analysis is a powerful tool to identify the key activities
within the firm, which form the value chain for that organization, and
have the potential of a sustainable competitive advantage for a company.
The competitive advantage of an organisation lies in its ability to perform
crucial activities along the value chain better than its competitors.
According to Porter (1990) value chain framework is “an interdependent
system or network of activities, connected by linkages”. Pathania (2001)
stated that when the system is managed carefully, the linkages can be a
vital source of competitive advantage. Lynch (2003) explained that the
value chain analysis essentially entails the linkage of two areas. Firstly,
the value chain links the value of the organisations’ activities with its main
functional parts. Then the assessment of the contribution of each part in
the overall added value of the business is made. Gibbon (2001) described
a value chain as a chain of activities, where products pass through all
activities of the chain in that order and at each activity, the
product gains some value. The chain of activities gives the products
more added value than the sum of added value of all activities.
The profitability of a firm depends to a large extent on how
effectively it manages the various activities in the value chain, such that
the price that the customer is willing to pay for the company’s products
and services exceeds the relative costs of the value chain activities. The
logic and validity of the proven technique of value chain analysis has been
rigorously tested, therefore, it does not require the user to have the same
in-depth knowledge as the originator of the model (Macmillan et al.,
2000).
The first step in conducting the value chain analysis is to break
down the key activities according to the activities entailed in the
framework. The next step is to assess the potential for adding value
through the means of cost advantage or differentiation. Finally, it is
imperative for the analyst to determine strategies that focus on those
activities that would enable to attain sustainable competitive advantage.
63
Value chain Analysis of dry chillies
Value Chain Analysis of Coconut
64
Policy Environment
Consumers
Retailers
Processing
Assemblers Wholesalers
Brokers
Agro-inputs
Suppliers Research and
University Finance
Farmers
Value Chain Analysis of Fruits and Vegetables
18.1 SCOPE IN FARM AND NON FARM SECTOR
Scope For Individual Enterprises of the District
Table 35 Scopes for Individual Enterprises
Sl. No.
Sectors /Sub sectors /Areas / commodities Type of
Enterprise
Manufacturing- Agro based
1 Bakery products / papads Nano / Micro
2 Millet products and bakery Nano / Micro
3 Dairy products and retail outlet Nano / Micro
4 Manufacturing of white ice blocks / ice creams Nano / Micro
5 Manufacturing of Mara chekku edible oils Nano / Micro
6 Manufacturing of Bio mass briquettes Nano / Micro
Flo
w o
f co
nsu
mer
pre
fere
nce
s an
d in
form
atio
n
Go
vern
ance
str
uct
ure
Flo
w o
f in
pu
ts, p
rod
uct
s an
d in
form
atio
n, v
alu
e
add
itio
n b
y ev
ery
acto
r (c
lean
ing,
pac
kin
g,
tran
spo
rtat
ion
, sto
rage
s an
d p
roce
ssin
g)
65
Sl. No.
Sectors /Sub sectors /Areas / commodities Type of
Enterprise
Manufacturing- Agro based
7 Coir fibre& coir products Nano / Micro
8 Flour mill / Manufacturing of edible oils / papads / soft drinks
Micro/ Small
9 Vermicompost Nano
10 Plants Nursery and vegetable cultivation under
protected conditions
Nano / Micro
11 Mango pulp units Small
12 Manufacturing of Banana Fibre and paper from Banana crop residues
Micro / Small
13 Mushroom cultivation Nano / Micro
14 Manufacturing of value added products of banana – Jam, Jelly, Biscuits,
Flour, Health drink, Fruit bars etc.
Small
15 Spice processing units and spice products Nano / Micro
16 Manufacturing of Bio-fertilisers& pesticides Small
17 Bee keeping Nano / Micro
18 Certified seeds production & processing units for paddy Small
19 Herbal products Nano / Micro
20 Charcoal Nano
21 Contract broiler farms Nano / Micro
22 Country / Native birds rearing Nano
23 Coconut/Groundnut oil Extraction Nano/Micro/Small
Manufacturing- Non Agro based
1 Manufacturing of Hollow blocks / Fly ash bricks / Paver
blocks / bricks
Micro / Small
2 Pottery production Nano / Micro
3 Brass production Nano / Micro
4 Kottan weaving Nano / Micro
5 Traditional Snacks Nano / Micro
6 Manufacturing of Solid blocks / Designer tiles Micro / Small
7 Ready mix concrete Micro / Small
66
Sl. No.
Sectors /Sub sectors /Areas / commodities Type of
Enterprise
Manufacturing- Agro based
8 Wood carving, Wooden furniture & Dies Micro / Small
9 Manufacturing of Pet bottles Micro / Small
10 Manufacturing of eco-friendly materials – Jute / cloth/ paper Bags and other artifacts
Nano / Micro/ Small
11 Manufacturing of paper pates / sampirani& other pooja
items
Nano
12 Textile home furnishings Nano / Micro
13 Printing press Micro / Small
14 Manufacturing of Readymade garments Small
15 Plastic recycling units Small
16 Manufacturing of Sanitary napkins Nano / Micro/
Small
17 Handmade ornaments making Nano
18 Grill works Nano
19 Aluminium foil containers Nano / Micro
20 Detergent powder and soaps Nano / Micro/ Small
21 Manufacturing of wax candles Nano
22 Cutting and polishing of Marbles, Tiles & Mosaic Micro / Small
Service – Agro based
1 Poly house erection& maintenance Micro / Small
2 Gardener Nano
3 Micro Irrigation technician Nano
4 Repackaging of Agro Products Nano/Micro/Small
5 Wet Grinding Nano
6 Custom hiring of tractors, trailers, Agricultural
implements, improved ploughs, Bund former, seed drills, thrashers, cleaners etc
Small
7 Custom hiring of combined harvesters and paddy
transplanters
Small
8 Godowns / Cold storage units Small
67
Sl. No.
Sectors /Sub sectors /Areas / commodities Type of
Enterprise
Manufacturing- Agro based
9 Community feed / fodder banks Nano/Micro/Small
Service – Non Agro based
1 Heritage tourism Nano / Micro/ Small
2 Software Development Nano / Micro
3 Automobiles repairing Nano / Micro/
Small
4 Office Automation Nano / Micro
5 Parcel/Courier Service Nano / Micro
6 Logistic Service Nano / Micro
7 Industrial Consultancy Nano
8 Industrial Design and Layout making Nano
9 Housekeeping and office equipment maintenance Nano
10 Restaurants Nano/Micro/Small
11 Computer/Laptop/Cell phone servicing Nano
12 Manpower Agency Nano
13 Weigh bridge Small
14 Commercial Advertising Agency Nano / Micro
15 Health Fitness Centre Micro / Small
16 Tailoring job work Nano / Micro
17 Beauty parlour Nano / Micro
18 Beauty Saloon for Gents Nano / Micro
19 Crèches Nano / Micro
20 Industrial Laundry Nano / Micro
21 Rural BPO Centres Nano
22 Clinical Laboratories Nano/Micro/Small
23 Power System Repair and Maintenance Nano / Micro
24 Two-Wheeler/Four Wheeler Servicing Nano/Micro/Small
68
Sl. No.
Sectors /Sub sectors /Areas / commodities Type of
Enterprise
Manufacturing- Agro based
25 Tailoring and Embroidering on job work Nano
26 Photo & Video studios Nano / Micro
27 Gold Testing Nano
28 Dental clinics Micro / Small
29 Centring& Civil Engineering works Micro / Small
30 Hiring of Earth Moving Equipments Small
31 e-auto rickshaw Nano
32 Vehicle hire Micro / Small
Business
1 Provision store/ Fancy store / Edible oil store /
Electricals / Foot wear shop / Mirror Glass shop / cloth shop
Nano / Micro
2 Drinking water cans Nano / Micro
3 Retailing of fruits & vegetables Nano / Micro
4 Cotton Merchandising Nano / Micro
Scope for Enterprise Clusters
Table 36 Scopes for Enterprise Clusters
Sl.
No. Block Enterprises
1 Sivagangai
1. charcoal 2 .Graphite based industries
3. Stone polishing 4. Gherkins
5. Printing Press 6. Native birds rearing and hatcheries
7. Certified seeds production & processing units 8. Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
2 Kalayarkovil
1 1 1. Edible oils extraction by Stone Wooden Ghanis
(KalMara Cheku) 2. Desi bird rearing and hatcheries
3. Dairy products 4. Organic manure
5. Certified seeds production & processing units for Paddy
69
Sl. No.
Block Enterprises
6. Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing 7.Mushroom production
8.protray nursery –vegetables(Hi-tech) 9.Fodder crop cultivation
10.sericulture-silkwarm rearing, mulberry cultivation
3 Manamadurai
1 Hollow Blocks, Flooring Tiles, Pavement blocks 2 Pottery (Kadam), pots with art work/Flower pots
3 Charcoal Powder 4 Bakery products
5 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 6 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
7 Edible oils extraction by Stone Wooden Ghanis (Kal Mara Cheku)
8. sericulture-silkwarm rearing ,mulberry cultivation
4 Tiruppuvanam
1 Stone cutting and polishing 2 Tiles of different types
3 Printing Press 4 Fabrication work
5 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 6 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy
5 Ilayangudi
1 Handlooms 2 Printing Press
3 Spices Grinding 4 Offset Printing
5 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 6 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 7 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
6 Sakkottai
1 Ornamental / Designer tiles
2 Rice Bran oil 3 Bakery items
4 Wood Carving 5 Jewellery
6 Brass lamps / Kuthuvilakku / artifacts 7 Native birds rearing and hatcheries
8 Certified seeds production & processing units for Paddy
9 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
7 Kallal
1 Wood Carving works
2 Tiles of different types
3 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 4 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 5 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
8 Tiruppathur 1 Stone Crusher 2 Printing Press
70
Sl. No.
Block Enterprises
3 Hollow blocks 4 Native birds rearing and hatcheries
5 Certified seeds production & processing units for Paddy
6 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
9 Singampuneri
1 Coil Pith block 2 Oil Mill
3 Coir Fibre 4 Curled Coir
5 Vulcanizing 6 Auto components
7 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 8 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 9 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
10 S.Pudur
1 Coir pith Block
2 Coir Fibre 3 Curled Coir
4 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 5 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 6 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
11 Devakottai
1 Aluminium Vessels
2. Edible oils extraction by Stone Wooden Ghanis (Kal Mara Cheku)
3 Native birds rearing and hatcheries 4 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 5 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
6.cashewnut grading and value addition 7. sericulture-silk warm rearing,mulberry cultivation
12 Kannangudi
1 Four Mill 2 Native birds rearing and hatcheries
3. Oil mill 4 Certified seeds production & processing units for
Paddy 5 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
71
18.2 SCOPE FOR PROMOTION OF ENTERPRISES AT THE THREE
TNRTP BLOCKS
Table 37 Scope for Promotion of Enterprises at the three TNRTP
Blocks
BLOCK ENTERPRISE CLUSTERS FACILITATING FACTORS
Kalayarkovil
1 Oil NonAgri activities
1 Edi 1. Edible oils extraction by
Stone Wooden Ghanis (Kal Mara Cheku)
2. Dairy products 3. Poultry feed and cattle feed
manufacturing 4. Divine tourism
Agri activities 1. Desi bird rearing and
hatcheries
2. Organic manure 3. Certified seeds production
& processing units for Paddy & Vegetables
-Area under Oil seeds:308 ha.
–Dairying is the major off farm livelihood activity
-Most required activity for dairying and poultry farming.
- Divine temples and sites -Most suitable for rural
households - More livestock at the block
Manamadurai
NonAgri activities
1 Hollow Blocks, Flooring Tiles, Pavement blocks and
bricklins 2 Pottery (Kadam), pots with
art work/Flower pots and earthern handicrafts /
artefacts 3 Charcoal Powder
4 Bakery products
5 Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing
6 Edible oils extraction by Stone Wooden Ghanis (Kal
Mara Cheku) 7 Divine & Heritage tourism
Agri activities
1 Native birds rearing and hatcheries
2 Inland Fisheries
Horticulture Activities 1. Organic vegetables and
-Good backward and forward linkage existing
-Significant number of artisans - Existing prolific activity
- On highways, hence high potentials
-Most required activity for dairying and poultry farming.
- Area under Oilseeds:213 ha.
- With the existence of Keeladi, an archaeological excavation
site evidencing ancient civilization as well as ancient
temples at the block, there is great scope.
- Most suitable for rural
households -Existing viable activity at the
block with inland fish production of about 62 tons
There are significant number
of farmers producing vegetables – Cucumber, Snake Gourd,
72
BLOCK ENTERPRISE CLUSTERS FACILITATING FACTORS
orchard crops Production
Ribbed Gourd & Bitter Gourd and orchard crops – Guava and
Papaya, at the district.
Devakottai
NonAgri activities 1 Aluminium Vessels
2. Edible oils extraction by
Stone Wooden Ghanis (Kal Mara Cheku)
3. Poultry feed and cattle
feed manufacturing 4 . Chettinad Snacks /
traditional food items 5. Heritage tourism
6. Wood carving 7. Brassware
Agri activities 1 Native birds rearing and
hatcheries 2 Certified seeds production &
processing units for Paddy
- Prlolific activity at the Karaikudi to Devakottai Road
- Area under Oil seeds:213 ha. -Most required activity for
dairying and poultry farming. -There is rich availability of
persons with skill and expertise in this activity.
-There exists heritage temples, sites and Nagrathar homes at
the block - Skilled carpenters are available
and good availability of artisans
for manufacturing traditional furniture and artefacts.
-Most suitable for rural households
Area under paddy : 10201 ha
• Certified seeds production & processing units, Nursery production-
vegetables
• Native birds rearing and hatcheries
• Oil mill –Edible oils extraction by Stone wooden Ghanis (Kal Mara
Cheku)
• Poultry feed and cattle feed manufacturing.
• Red chilli and Green chilli sauce making
18.3 SCOPE FOR VARIOUS SECTORS
Sivagangai district, with its rich cultural heritage, interesting history
will attract tourists in large number if it is made open for tourism.
Likewise, converting the district into a tourist spot will also make it a place
with more scope for job opportunities and business ventures. All these
will culminate in the well being and development of the people and the
society.
73
18.4 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT
STRENGTHS
❖ Good network of road
transport.
❖ Nearness to growth
centres like Madurai,
Export promotion Zone
❖ Good net work of bank
branches.
❖ Vast reserves of
various types of
minerals.
❖ Availability of skilled
labours.
❖ Lot of tourist places.
WEAKNESS ❖ Predominately
drought prone district
❖ Fragmented land
holdings.
❖ Poor rail connectivity
❖ Rivers are seasonal.
❖ Depletion of ground
water potential.
❖ Vast stretch of
wastelands.
❖ Migration of people.
OPPORTUNITIES
➢ Scope for setting up
Agro processing
industries.
➢ Ample scope for
setting up biogas
plants.
➢ Scope for
development of
Horticulture,
Sericulture, Poultry
farming, dairy.
farms, Milk chilling
plants etc.
➢ Scope for setting up
modern rice mills, oil
mills, etc.
THREATS
➢ Conversion of
Agricultural land for
residential and
industrial purpose.
74
Tamil Nadu State Rural Transformation Project (TNRTP) is being
initiated at the district for promoting rural enterprises, access to finance
and employment opportunities at the district. The initial phase of TNRTP
interventions are at the three blocks of the district – KalayarKovil,
Devakottai and Manamadurai.
The TNRTP implementation envisages conduct of a District
Diagnostic Study (DDS) towards in depth evaluation of the district for
identifying the sectors, subsectors and commodities as well as to help in
deeper understanding of the existing opportunities and challenges in
promotion of enterprises in value chain. The DDS encompasses different
project components of Rural Ecosystem Development, Enterprise Business
Plan Financing, Skills and Job opportunities and Project Management.
The study has been conducted with the perspective of the
entrepreneur as the focus and by seeing the things through the lens of
the entrepreneur towards assisting the different project beneficiaries -
Producer Groups, Enterprise Groups and Individual Enterprises. The study
would help the project team in effective implementation of the scheme as
well as in prioritization and proper execution of activities.
The study has identified the sectors, sub sectors and 91
commodities / enterprises, which are summarized as follows:
Manufacturing sector – Agro Based activities / commodities: 22
activities
Manufacturing sector– Non Agro Based activities/commodities:18
activities
Services Sector – Agro Based activities / commodities: 9 activities
Services Sector – Non Agro Based activities / commodities: 32 activities.
Business Sector – Agro Based and Non Agro based: 10 activities
Further, based on the inherent facilitating factors and opportunities
existing, potential enterprise clusters have been identified and
documented for each block of the district, for the entire 12 blocks.
CONCLUSION
75
References
1. District Statistical Report 2018 – 19.
2. Potentials Linked Plan of NABARD – 2019 – 20.
3. District Credit Plan of Lead Bank 2019 -20.
4. Reports from
• Different line departments – Agriculture, Horticulture, Market
committee, Animal Husbandry, Sericulture, Forestry, Tourism,
Statistics and Aavin.
• Mainstream institutions – Lead Bank and NABARD.
• Industrial bodies – SIPCOT, SIDCO, Spices Park, District
Industries Centre, TIIC
• Skilling institutions and Knowledge Centres - Kissan Vikas
Kendra, Kundrakudi, Dryland Agricultural Research Station,
Chettinad, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Rural
Training Centre, Amaravathipudur,
Canara Bank Artisan Centre, Karaikudi, Farmers Training Centre,
Piravalur, Sivagangai, Farmers Training Centre, Pillayarpatti and
Tamil Nadu Rural Livelihood Mission, Sivagangai etc.
• Associations of Enterprises, Traders and Industries .
• Self Help Promoting Institutions.
5. Industry profile reports of Ministry of MSME, Government of India.
6. www.worldweatheronline.com
7. www.tnauagritechportal.ac.in
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