chemistry 1010 naming and batteries. polyatomic ions
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Chemistry 1010
Naming and Batteries
Positive ions (cations)
1. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal.
Na+ sodium ion Zn2+ zinc ion
2. If the metal can form ions with more than one charge, the charge is in ( ).
Co+ cobalt() Co2+ cobalt()
3. Follow ion list for others.
Polyatomic Ions
Negative ions (anions)
1. Monotomic anions – drop the ending of the name and add –ide.
H- hydride O2- oxide
2. Follow ion list for others.
Ionic compounds
Name the cation followed by the anion.
CaCl2 calcium chloride Al2O3 aluminum oxide
Binary molecular compounds (Covalent Compounds)
1. The name of the element farthest to the left in the table is written first.2. If in the same group, the lower one is named first3. The second element is given the ide ending4. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of each atom.
Common Prefixes
1 mono 6 hexa
2 di 7 hepta
3 tri 8 octa
4 tetra 9 nona
5 penta 10 deca
OxygenIs one of the essential elements necessary for life
Makes up over half the earth’s crust by mass
Occurs in the hydrosphere , lithosphere, and atmosphere
litho – with Si, Al, and others
hydro – in water as H2Oto form the earth’s crust
atmo – as O2 we breath and Ozone O3 to protect
2/3 of our body weight is Oxygen
Combined with the food we eat to produce energy
20 billion Kg is produce annually in the United States
Causes rust an corrosion
Primary cause for the spoilage of food
Causes wood to decay
HYDROGENBy weight, it is 0.9% of the earth crust
By #, it makes up 15 % of the earth crust
Usually found combined with water or hydrocarbons
It is colorless and odorless
It is the lightest of all substances
There is 200 million Kg produced in the US yearly
2/3 of this amount is used to produce ammonia
not used in blimps anymore
• 2H2 + O2 H2O
Hindenburg
Ya Wanna watch it burn??????????
Oxidation / Reduction
Oxidation – The gain of oxygen atoms
Reduction – The loss of oxygen atoms
2Mg + O2 2MgO
RhO2 RhO + O2
Oxidation / Reduction
Oxidation – The loss of hydrogen atoms
Reduction – the gain of hydrogen atoms
C2H6O C2H4O + H2
FeO2 + H2 FeH2O2
Oxidation / Reduction
Oxidation – the loss of electrons
Reduction – the gain of electrons
Ag Ag2+
Cr2+ Cr
Ca + Mg2+ Ca2+ + Mg
OIL RIG
oxidation involves loss
reduction involves gain
Any oxidation is accompanied by a reduction
FeO + H2 Fe + H2O
Demo
Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ + Ag penny in AgNO3
Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zinc in a copper sulfate solution
Batteries
Explain in Great Detail how a wet electrochemical (battery) cell works!!!!
What About A Flashlight Battery
Zn + 2 MnO2 +H2O Zn2+ + Mn2O3 + 2 OH-
graphite (carbon)
zinc metal
past of MnO2
+
-
Other Common Batteries
Mercury cell Zn / HgO calculators, hearing aids
Silver Oxide Zn / Ag2O watches, cameras
Nickel Cadmium Cd / NiO rechargeable batteries
Lithium cells Li / MnO2 pacemakers
How Does a Car Battery Work
Same as an electrochemical cell but reversible
Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e-
Add electricity
2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e- Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4
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