circle of 5ths
Post on 26-Jan-2016
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Circle of 5ths
This is a tool to help you remember all the major and minor key signatures
2 Important things to know:
Formula of whole steps and half steps
Major: WWHWWWH
Minor (pure): WHWWHWW
What is a 5th?More specifically a Perfect 5th . (P5)
1.7 half stepsor
2. start counting on the first note, count up to 5, keeping to the key signature of the first note.
0 2 4 5 7
1 3 6
C D E F G
C
Using your “keyboard”
Starting on C, count up: CDEFG.
C to G is a Perfect 5th.
C D E F G
The next key signature is G
Add 1 # to the key signature, which note (scale degree) of the new scale is
it?
(hint: you can use the scale formula to figure it out)
7th
In the key of G this is F, so we add an F#
Going clockwise, fill in the name and key signature of this new key.
CG
Continue from GGABCD
G to D is a Perfect 5th
G C DA B
Add 1# to the key signature
7th scale degree is C#.
CG
D
Continue and complete your circle of fifths up to 6#s.
CG
D
A
CG
D
A
E
CG
D
A
E
B
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
Now we will look at the keys that go counter clockwise.
We will be adding flats this time.
Starting at C, count down 5 notes:CBAGF
C down to F is a Perfect 5th
G CF A B
Add 1b to the key signature on the 4th scale degree of the new scale.
FGAB so B is the 4th.
We make it Bb.
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Continue from F, count down 5
F E D C Bb
F down to Bb is a Perfect 5th
FC D E
Bb
Add 1b to the key signature
4th scale degree is Eb
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bb
Continue filling in your Circle of 5ths
up to 6 flats.
And fill in the enharmonic equivalents for 5b and 7#, and 5# and 7b
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
CG
D
A
E
BCb
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
DbC#
That takes care of all the major keys.
Now on to minor.
Review the half step/whole step formula of the minor scale.
W H W W H W W
C
a
Using your keyboard. Starting on A, count up: ABCDE.
A to E is a Perfect 5th.
Add 1 # to the key signature, which note (scale degree) of the new scale is it?
(hint: use the scale formula to figure it out)
2nd
In the key of E minor this is F, so we add an F#
Going clockwise, fill in the name and key signature of this new key.
Continue filling in minor keys up to 6#
C
G
ae
CG
Da
e
b
CG
D
A
ae
b
f#
CG
D
A
E
ae
b
f#
c#
CG
D
A
E
B
ae
b
f#
c#
g#ab
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
ae
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
Now for the flats. Starting at A, count down 5 notes:
A G F E DA down to D is a Perfect 5th
Add 1b to the key signature on the 6th scale degree of the new scale.D E F G A B, so B is the 6th.
We make it Bb.
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
ae
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
d
Continue around the circle filling in all the minor keys.
Make sure you fill in the enharmonic equivalents for the 5,6, and 7 bs and #s.
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bba
e
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
d
g
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
ae
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
d
g
c
CG
D
A
E
B
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
ae
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
d
g
c
f
CG
D
A
E
BCb
Gb F#
F
Bb
Eb
Ab
DbC#
ae
b
f#
c#
g#abeb d#
d
g
c
f
bb
Now try it again on a new blank worksheet.
Can you remember all the steps?
Just to make things more complicated, there are 3 different ways to play minor scales:1.Pure2.Harmonic: Raised 7th scale degree3.Melodic: ascending, raised 6th and 7th
descending, same as pure.
Listen to them as I play them on the piano.
Let’s see if you can recognize them as I play.
Indicate on your paper which one I am playing.
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