classification of organisms ppt - north thurston public
Post on 04-Jan-2022
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Bell Work:
Think about your CD, video game, DVD or
book collection at home. How would you
separate this collection into different
groups? What would the groups be? Try
to come up with 4 or 5.
Classification of organisms
The grouping of objects or information
based on similarities
Taxonomy: branch of biology that
classifies organisms
Carol Linnaeus
1707 – 1778
Created the classification system we use today based on similarities that reveal relationshipsEx: Bat is considered a
mammal because it has hair and provides milk for their young and not a bird because of the wings
Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Genus/Species
Binomial nomenclature: two word
naming system where the first word
identifies the genus (a similar group) and
the second identifies the species (a
characteristic)
Ex: Scientific name of modern humans is
Homo sapiens. Notice that the genus is
capitalized and the species is lowercase
Brown Squirrel
Kingdom: Animalia (animal)
Phylum: Chordata (has a backbone)
Class: Mammalia (has a backbone and nurses its young)
Order: Rodentia (has a backbone, nurses its young, and has long, sharp front teeth)
Family: Scuridae (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, and has a bushy tail)
Genus: Tamiasciurus (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and climbs trees)
Species: hudsonicus (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and has brown fur on its back and white fur on its underparts)
Classification of two animals
Bobcat
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Lynx
rufus
Lynx
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Lynx
canadensis
Five Kingdom System
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants
Bacteria Unicellular, microscopic
Archaebacteria: thought to live in extreme environments (swamps, hydrothermal vents). Now found everywhere
Eubacteria: all of the other bacteria (~10,000)
Oldest fossil 3.5 billion years old
No nucleus Prokaryotic
Some have no chlorophyll Decomposers
Parasitic
Protists
Unicellular or multicellular; microscopic
Nucleus present, but lacks complex organ systemsEukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Lives in moist environments
Found in fossils up to 2
billion years ago
Red, Green and brown algae
are plant-like protists
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Either unicellular or
multicellular
No root, stem and leaf
No chlorophyll
decomposer or parasitic
Reproduce by forming
spores
First appeared in the
fossil record 400 million
years ago
~100,000 known species
Animals
Eukaryotic, multicellular Heterotrophs
Oldest animal fossil 600 million years old
Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Vertebrates : with backbone
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Divided into 5 groups:
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fish
Aquatic
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
wet and slimy scales
Streamlined body for
easy movement
through water
Fins for balance and
to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization
Amphibians
Cold-blooded
Moist, scale-less skin
Limbs present
Larvae (tadpoles) use
gills for breathing;
adults use lungs
External fertilization
Reptiles
Cold-blooded
Body covered with
dry, hard scales
Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Birds
Warm-blooded
With feathers
With wings
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
Warm-blooded
Hair on skin
Females have
mammary glands for
producing milk for
their offspring
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization;
embryos develop
inside mothers’ bodies
Mammals
Plants
Most plants contain photosynthetic pigments
(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants
Oldest fossil 400 million years old
Roughly 500,000 known species
Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
Algae
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Algae
Aquatic
Simple multicellular
plants
No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g.
chlorophyll) for
photosynthesis
Mosses
With simple leaves and stems
No roots
Reproduce by spores
Found in damp areas
Ferns
With true roots,
stems, leaves and
vascular tissues
Reproduce by
spores
Live in damp places
Gymnosperms
Reproduction by
producing seeds
Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed
by fruits
naked seeds
Needle-shaped
leaves to reduce
water loss
Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for
reproduction
Seeds are produced
inside the fruit
(matured ovary)
Dichotomous Key
Your Mission
Biology book page 474 & 475
Make a dichotomous key using beetles
Follow the procedure and answer
questions 1-3
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