climate change or variability adaptation options
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Climate Change / Variability Adaptation Options
GEF-FAO-BIRDS Strategic Pilot on Adaptation to Climate Change (SPACC) ProjectExtension Education Institute, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
28th June 2011
In the life of a farmer climate Variability and
Extreme events are more important
than climate change
Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions
Precipitation is less than potential evapotranspiration.
Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.
Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions
Climate Variability and extremes are an expected characteristic of semi-arid lands.
The people vulnerable to droughts, which trigger frequent subsistence crises
Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty, increases stratification and the social inequities.
AFPRO 5Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political
SCENARIO 1
Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability
Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification
Appropriate Skills Water Management
Agriculture Production Water Resources
Energy
Climate Change
Community Empowerment
Bio Diversity
“VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE
CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”
GSBC PROJECT INTEGRATED APPROACH
Major challenges of Agriculture
Climate change - variability - extremes
Soil fertility Water management
Impact of hazardous pesticides and
nitrogen fertilizers
Burning of crop residue
Alkalinity of soils
Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern
y = -4.6207x + 851.14
R2 = 0.1374
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Crop Water
Soil Climate
Energy Environment
FACILITATION RESEARCH
ACTIVITY
CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT
Field level interventions
CULTURAL
SPIRITUA
L
BELIEFS
RITUALS
FESTIVAL
S
ALTARS
CREMATION
SOURCES (BIOMAS
S)
GOOD STOVES• T
LUDs
• Other stoves
CROP
RESIDUE
POULTRY
LITTER
WASTE MANAGEMENT• S
ludge
PRACTICES
FOOD
PRESERVING FOOD
CLEANING
MEDICINE
MATTRESS
TOOTH POWDERAIR
QUALITY• CO2
/ CH4
WATER TREATME
NT
AQUARIUM /
TERRARIUMS
BIOCHAR BRICKS
BIOCHAR URINALS
SOAK PITS
FILTERING MEDIA
INSECT REPELLEN
T
SOIL AMENDMENT
INCREASED PRODUCTION
SOIL TEMPERATURE
REGULATED
MOISTURE RETENTION
WATER CONSERVATION
NITROGEN / PHOSPHOROUS
RETENTION
NURSERIESPESTICIDES ADBSORBTION
SOIL MICROBES DENSITY INCREASE
BIOCHAR COMPOST
EARTHWORMS INCREASE
TERMITES / ANTS REPULSION
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
ANIMAL
S
POULTRY - CH4 REDUCTION
LIVESTOCK
- URIN
E AND DUN
G
FYM /
COMPOST
BIOMASS
BIOCHAR
ENERGY
BIOCHARCULTURE
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEOhttp://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com
SOIL
BIOCHAR
BIOCHAR COMPOST
AGRICUTURE
PADDY METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION
PESTICIDE & COMPLEX
CHEMICALS AFFECTS
MITIGATION
EMMISIONS REDUCTION FROM FARM
YARD MANURES AND
COMPOSTS
CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT
ANIMALS
APPLICATION IN ANIMAL
PLACES TO TAP URINE,
SANITATION AND
EMISSIONS REDUCTION
RUMINANT ANIMALS METHANE EMISSIONS
REDUCTION AS FEED ADDITIVE
SOAKING IN WITH ANIMALS
URINE AND EXCRETA -
VALUE ADDITION
ENERGY
SOURCE FROM EFFICIENT TLUD COOK STOVES
AS BY PRODUCT FROM GASIFIER
STOVES, BOILERS ETC
CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
FROM BIOMASS /
WASTE MANAGEMENT
HABITAT
BIOCHAR BRICKS
BIOCHAR IN AQUARIUMS
BIOCHAR IN POULTRY FARMS
BIOCHAR IN FRIDGES,
MATTRESSES, ETC.
SANITATION
BIOCHAR URINALS
BIOCHAR TOILETS
BIOCHAR IN CATTLE SHEDS
CLEANING PLATES / UTENSILS
BATHING
HEALTH
CLEANING TEETH
BIOCHAR TABLETS
BIOCHAR IN FOOD AS PART
OF FOOD PREPARATIONS
WATER
WATER PURIFICATION – COLOR, ODOR, REMOVAL OF
HARMFUL ELEMENTS,
ETC.
RITUAL / SPIRITUAL / RELIGIOUS / PRACTICES
FIRE / ALTAR / YAGNAS /
AGNIHOTRA
FIRE DURING FESTIVALS
CREMATIONS
NATURAL / ARTIFICIAL
FIRES IN FORESTS /
FIELDS, ETC.
BIOCHARCULTURE
Biocharculture
Biocharculture is the process of using Biochar, including cultivation of crops
•Biochar is the charcoal produced from carbonaceous source material. Sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems•Biocharculture is one of the means to integrate for sustainable cultivation and carbon sequestration.•Biochar is usually produced at around temperatures 300 to 600 degrees centigrade for example as found in the common biomass cook stoves.•Because of its macromolecular structure dominated by aromatic C, Biochar is more recalcitrant to microbial decomposition than uncharred organic matter
Biocharculture Adaptation benefitsSecuring the crop from
drought and climate variabiiity
Reclaim the degraded soils, water conservation,
Lessen the impact of hazardous pesticides
and complex chemicals & to reduce plant
uptake.
reducing emissions and increasing the
sequestration of greenhouse gases
Conversion of crop residue into Biochar an
option and address carbon sequestration
Increase in crop yieldincreases in C, N, pH, and available P to the
plantsImpacts of Biochar last more than 1000 years.
Temperature regulation in the soil
Reduction in leaching of the bio / chem fertilizers applied
Increase in the soil microbes / worms at the biochar and soil
interface
CONTROL AND BIOCHAR - OKRA
Farmers focus80% ON CROP20% ON SOIL
BIOCHAR COMPOST
APPLICATION IN THE FIELDS
OKRA - CONTROL AND BIOCHAR PLOTS
CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST 4 KGS 8 KGS 12 KGS
1.5 FEET 6 FEET
CONTROL
BIOCHAR
Adaptation Objective
Initiatives Requirement
1 Better management of soil moisture
SMC conservation Addition of OM (compost, manures, GM,GLM) Cover crop, mulching, residue incorporation
- Support for Labor Cost
- Biomass availability
2 Efficient use of Ground water
Minimising the ground water usage for critical irrigation. Social regulations to control competitive digging of bore wells
- Credit support
- Community support
Increasing efficiency of water use
SRI under borewell and tanks
- Comm.support- Technical support
Micro-irrigation methods (drips, spriklers)
- Credit/financial support
Strategies to be followed in designing adaptations
Adaptation Objectives
Initiatives Requirement
3 Diversify crop / farm systems
Crop diversification from wheat, paddy to millets, Maize, Sorghum
Mono cropping to intercropping, mixed cropping
Soil fertility improvement through cropping systems
Encouraging horticulture
Biomass improvement/ integration of Multi-Purpose Trees
Improved implements
Easing bullock constraint
- Drought , stress r resistant varieties
- Timely availability of seeds, contingency seeds
- Credit for seeds
- CB on technology
- Good planting material
- Timely availability of implements
- Timely availability of
drought power- Marketing support
Adaptation Objectivr Initiatives Requirement
4 Strengthening livestock production system
Health care system for preventive diseases Strengthening sheep and goat systems through CIG concept. Strengthening Fisheries production
- Support for man power
- Technical support
5 Promoting alternate livelihood activities for income
Promoting back yard poultry Heifer rearing Ram lamb rearing actvity
- Credit support
- Technical support
6 Creating Buffers Community managed fodder banks
Seed Banks to maintain buffer seed and seeds of contingent crops
- Infrastructure
- Capacity Building
- Manpower
BIOCHAR RESULTS
GSBC PROJECT, 2009 (DORUGHT PREVAILED DURING THE GROWING SEASON)
Methane Emissions from paddy fields
Biochar – livestock urine
BIOCHAR URINALS
TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR
MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES
GOOD STOVES
http://goodsto
ve.com
MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES
NO SMOKING
WATER – LESS PLANTS
BIOCHAR LINKS
Terra Preta Info - Indian conextBiochar ExperimentsBiochar - Alkaline soilsBiochar - Alkaline soils reportCharcoal production
Biochar ProductionMagh Biochar RetortGEO mini metal kilnARTI - Charcoal Biochar PlantsProsopis JulifloraProsopis Juliflora report
StovesMagh series tlud woodgas or microgasifier stovesAnila
Biochar UrineBiochar Urinals
Biochar Soil lifeTermitesEarthworms
Pottery ShardsIn soils
CleaningBiochar for Cleaning
Green BuildingsBiochar Bricks
Rural TrashBiochar plus
GSBC PROJECT ON CNN
BIOCHAR INDIA | BIOCHARCULTURE | GOOD STOVE
WE WANT SECUREWE WANT SECURE
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyChief Executive Officer [CEO],
GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO] http://e-geo.org
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