coal and energy efficiency policy ives
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Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad
Coal and Energy Efficiency:Policy Initiatives
Rajkiran V Bilolikar
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The Power of Coal: If India Did Not Use More Coal
To meet projected demand, and replace projected incremental coal based electricity generation, India
would have to obtain more than 13 Tcf of NG, build 210 nuclear power plants or construct the equivalent of
400 Hoover Dams
1,770 1,736
1,509
1,586
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The Logic of Indias Continuing Reliance on
Coal
There are no alternatives to hydrocarbons in the foreseeable futureM.Economides, Professor of Engineering, University of Houston, 2008
Clean coal technology is one of the most promising routes formitigating emissionsIndia [will] benefit IEA, 2007
Access to electricity is strongly correlated with every measurableindicator of human development -Berkeley Science Review, 2008
India has more people without adequate access to energy than anycountry in the world -National Resources Forum, 2008
Removal of poverty is the greater immediate imperative than global
warming P. Ghosh, Secretary of the Environment, India,2007
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The World Bank Agrees
India needs much more power in a short time frame to continue itseconomic development.
India still must rely on (coal) to meet growing demand
Gas-based power is not a viable alternative not enough naturalgas is available and the power it generates is too expensive
Wind power still has limited reliability and its higher cost makes itunsustainable for meeting large scale demand
* July,2008
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India Faces Rampant Growth
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The Context and Scale of Growth
Current
Growth
By 2030
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17.1%
0.5% 0.6%0.8%
10.2%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
20.0%
Population
(1.15 Billion)
Oil NG Uranium Coal
%ofWorlds
ProvedReserves
Coal is Indias only Energy Advantage
Indias Share of the Worlds Energy Reserves
Coal is expected to be themainstay of power
generation in the years tocome Indias 11th FiveYear Plan (2007-2012)
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What Coal Conversion Will Do For India
Electricity consumption will nearly triple by 2030 to almost 2,800terawatt hours (TWh).
Liquid fuels India will have over 150 million vehicles in 20 years.
Natural Gas demand will increase 170%.
Dimethyl Ether (DME) a completely sootless fuel that can greatlyreduce dependence on wood and dung in household cooking.
Petrochemicals ammonia, formaldehyde, ethylene, propylene,
methanol production will add significant value to Indian economy.
Manufacturing Energy sources to make iron and steel as well asnon-metallic goods, including cement and soda ash.
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Coal is the Cornerstone of Energy in India
Coal:
48%Coal:
39%
2005
Other fuel: 61%
2030
Other fuel
52%
By 2030, the 1.5 billion people in India will dependmore on coal for energy than any country in the
world except for the 1.5 billion people in China.
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Access to Electricity and the Quality of Life
Survive
Childhood
Live
Longer
Drink
Cleaner Water
Eat
Better
Are Better
Educated
Under FiveDeath Rate/1000
Life Expectancy(years)
Access toImproved Sources
(%)
Under Nourished(%)
LiteracyRate (%)
People in Societies with Greater Access to Electricity:
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We are at the beginning of the road:Indias Electricity Consumption per
Capita Compared to Other Nations
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India Will Increasingly Rely Upon Coal forElectricity Generation
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COAL
Reserves : 271 Billion Tonnes
Proven category : 110 Billion Tonnes
LIGNITE
Reserves : 38.9 Billion TonnesProven category : 4.8 Billion Tonnes
78% domestic coal production is used for power generation Coal is going to be the main source of power generation in the
country for at least next 25-30 years
Source: Geological Survey of India, MOPNG
Nearly 87% of the total reserves are thermal coal
NATURAL GAS
Proven Reserves : 1.12 TCM
Coal is the only proven source of ThermalPower Generation
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Indian Coal Reserve
Proven: 8
Indicated: 6Total : 14
Proven: 5
Indicated: 2Total : 7
Proven: 9
Indicated: 25Total : 34
Proven: 14
Indicated: 30Total : 44
Proven: 11
Indicated: 12
Total : 23
Proven: 35
Indicated: 30
Total : 65
Proven: 7Indicated: 8
Total : 15
246Total
46Inferred
110Indicated
90Proven
Billion tonnes
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Some Facts
In 2008-09 coal contributed to about 53% of the total commercialenergy supply
In MTOE terms India is the third largest consumer of coal in worldafter China
In 2009 coal consumption in India was 245.8 MTOE
India has third largest proven coal reserves totalling to 58600 MT
Countrys Reserves to production ratio is 105
False sense of security current and foreseeable technologies can
convert only small fraction of these into mineable category
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Challenges
Indian coal industry is beset with problems
Dwindling Reserves
Increasing demand supply gap
Inefficient operations
Failure to equitably allocate coal among various consumers
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Indias response to the coal sector
First Phase
Mining of coal in small pockets began in year 1774
Production coal increased to 6 million tonnes at the beginning of20th century
22.4 million tonnes in 1919
33 million tonnes in 1951 (first five year plan)
Second PhaseNationalization of coking coal mines in 1971-72
Non coking coal mines in 1973
Coking coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act 1971
Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act 1972Coal Mines (Taking over of Management) Act 1973
Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act 1973
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Indias response to the coal sector
First comprehensive policy
Fuel Policy Committee (1970), (1975)
Concluded that the Coal should be considered the primary source ofenergy for the country and recommended the use of coal inpreference of oil products
Lack of a long term vision for coal development and linkages to thepower sector
Under the provisions of coal mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973public sector companies can mine coal
Further in 1976 and in 1993 additional provisions wereenacted to allow coal mining for captive end use for steel,
cement and power2005 Expert Committee on Road map for coal sector reforms
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Committee recommendations - Future coal mapping
conventional geological mapping
air photo interpretation
satellite imagery
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Prognosticated Resources (Regional orReconnaissance Geological survey)
22400 sq km area out of total surveyed area of 49000 sq km havecoal bearing sedimentary formationsGondwana group
Out of this total potential coal bearing area of 22400 sq km only about10200 sq km (45%) has been systematically explored throughregional / promotional drilling
Remaining 12200 sq km area still to be systematically explored Prognosticated resources of 143 billion tones have been estimated (GSI)
Additionally there are 67 billion toones of coal resources occurring inthe Tertiary Cambay basin of Gujarat lying deeper than 1200 metersEnergy
These prognosticated resources do not form part of the inventoryof Indian coal reserves
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Agenda
Wide spaced drilling is undertaken in these selected areas by GSI underregional exploration programme
Indicated reserve If the bore holes are drilled at a spacing of 1km to 2 km
Inferred Reserve If the drill spacing is even wider
In the 10200 sq km area exploded so far a total of 248 billion tones of in-place Geological Coal reserve has been estimated upto 1200 meters depth ason 1/1/2005
Bulk of these have been estimated to lie within 600 meters depth (230 billiontones
Further some 152 billion tones (61.52% of total coal reserves) are estimated toexist within 300 meters depth
These are available for open cast mining
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Depth wise Geological Coal Reserves
The reserves assessed on the basis of detailed exploratory drilling (drill spacingof less than 400 meters) are placed in the Proved Reserves Category
As a result, 93 billion tones is placed under this category upto depth of 1200
metersThese include 91.5 billion tones up to depth of 600 meters and 71 billion tonesup to a depth of 300 meters
70% of the proven reserves have been earmarked for CIL Energy
10015.54737.5%
1002483811793Total
718610.51.5600-1200
614.5-0.5140-600(Jharia)
25631739.56.5300-600
61.5152.51566.5710-300
In %In (Bt)
TotalInferred (in
Bt)
Indicated (in
Bt)
Proved (in
Bt)
Depth (m)
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Basis of Categorization
It is based on Indian Standard Procedures adopted in 1957with a minimum thickness of 0.5 m to be included in coal
inventory
ISP was modified in 1989 to exclude the reserves in coalseams with thickness less than 0.9 m from coal inventory
Leads to distortion between reserves included in the coalinventory and that estimated in the GRs
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Tentative Extractable Reserves of the National CoalInventory
52.24247.8437.80117.0892.96Total
22.21156.1533.2497.6625.25Rest
30.0391.694.5679.4267.71CIL Blocks
TotalInferredIndicatedProvedExtractableReservesGeological ReservesArea
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Expert Committee Recommendations
This open up the window of opportunity to speed up the our efforts toaccelerate the pace of regional surveys and drilling to complete thecomprehensive coal resource assessment exercise and to re-examine
the foundations of our energy security policies and programmes
A time bound plan to cover the entire country by regional mapping in15 years
Funding for this is commenced from 2006-07Program on detailed exploration and drilling
CMPDIs current capacity of drilling 3 lakh meters per annum must beraised to at least 15 lakh meters per annum
Arrangement of revolving fund of Rs 500 Crores for this purposeEnvisages an enhancement in the capacity for detailed explorationcould potentially add about 20 billion tones of coal to the proven
category annually
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New Coal Distribution Policy
Each sector / consumers would be treated on merit keeping in
view of regulatory provisions applicable there toPrice distribution will be different to different consumers
75% of the quantity as per the normative requirement of theconsumers would be through FSA
The balance 25% of through e-auctionReplacement of linkage system by FUEL Supply Agreement(FSA)
It talks about new consumers and provisions made thereof
EMD, Letter of Assurance etc
It talks about Implementation Schedule
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Some Maps
BhagiratiR.
Rajmahal
Raniganj
Karharbari
Dubrajpur
Durgapur
DamodarR.
BarakarR.
DAMODAR BASIN
KOEL BASIN
Daltonganj
TikiNidpur
Parsora
Pali
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IN
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Narmada
R.
Godavari R.
PranhitaR.
Chintalpudi
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R.
HYDERABAD
Talchir
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Scale
Ptilophyllum Assemblage zone (Jurassic to Lr. Cretaceous
Lepidopteris-Dicroidium Assemblage Zone (Triassic)
Glossopteris Assemblage Zone (Permian)
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Some Maps
K OLL
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A r e a s : L i g n i t e o c c u r e n c e s p r o v e d
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RajMahal Coal Field
Khargram
Fatehpur
Rampurhat
Saldaha
D u m k a
Katikund
Gopikandar
Amrapara
Pakur
Barharwa
Hansd iha
Kaha lgaon
Bara
M a h a g a m a
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Berhait
Ra jmaha l RS .
Sah ibgan jPirpaint i RS.
87 00 ' 8710 ' 87 20 ' 87 30 ' 87 40' 8750' 88 00 '
2410'
2430'
2440'
2450'
2500'
2510'
2520'
2420'
Alluvium
Lower Gondwanas
Metamorph ics
Ra jmaha l Format ion
Upper Gondwanas
L E G E N D
8700 ' 8710 ' 8720 ' 8730 ' 8740 ' 8750 ' 8800 '
2410'
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2430'
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10 0 10 k m
U R M A -PA H A R IT O L A
C H A U D H A R -G A R IA PA N I
SA H A R PU R -JA MA R PA N I
K U L K U L ID A N G A L -SITASAL
R A M P U R -MA L L A R PU R
B O R T A L A -MA T H U R A PU R
Ongoing blocks
Completed blocks
Pro p o sed b lo ck
G E O L O G I C A L M A P O F R A J M A H A L A N D B I R B H U M C O A L F I E L D SJ H A R K H A N D A N D W E S T B E N G A L
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Geological Map of Talcher
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Geological map of Singrauli coal field
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Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency
Energy Conservation andEnergy Efficiency
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Energy Development and Climate Change
7721 kg OEUSA
1130 kg OEBrazil
346 kg OEIndia
1680 kg OEWorld
1403 kg OEChina
Indias Energy Development and climate change challengesare multipronged
Energy Performance in terms of both quantity and equity is veryweak
Indias challenge is to bridge the access gap in modern energyservices
It leads to growing contributions of climate change
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Energy Development and Climate Change
Some questions
How the Government policies and regulatory frameworkshave evolved over a period of time for promoting energyefficiency?
What are the trends observed in energy intensities of Indianeconomy?
Do the trends in energy intensities reflect the influence ofenergy efficiency policy measures and subsequent actions?
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Energy Development and Climate Change
Indian Government estimates that the energy consumptionwill rise by 50% by 2015 compared to 2005 levels
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Energy Development and Climate Change
Primary energy consumption as a whole has grown at a
CAGR of 4.9% The consumption of coal has grown at 4.2%
Oil by 5.5%
Natural Gas by 12.8%
Hydro and Nuclear power by 8.6% & 4.4%
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Energy Development and Climate Change
The total energy related CO2 emissions have grown at a CAGR of 4.7%
to about 1328 Million Tonne in 2007-08 from about 182 Million Tonne in1965
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Energy Development and Climate Change
The energy intensities have been estimated for each of the primary
energy sources / carriers by dividing the energy consumption by theconstant 2000 national GDP
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Energy Development and Climate Change
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First Phase
National Development policy was till the early 1970s focused onpuritanical ideals of economic development
Early 1970s witnessed the first initiatives towards the integration of energypolicy into national development policy
Concerns on the fossil fuel long term solution for growing energydemands
The fuel policy committee was set up in 1970Suggestion to set up Energy Board
PCRA
The Working group on Energy Policy (WGEP)
Demand Management should form the most important element of oil policyTo develop coordination among rail, road and water ways including coastalshipping for optimum us of transportation options
To set up standards of fuel efficiency for electrical and diesel pumps, lighting,cooking appliances etc
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Second Phase (6th & 7th five year plan 1980 1989)
GoI Instituted the inter ministerial working group on EnergyConservation in August 1981
The first concrete proposal for reduction in energy consumption inIndia (IMWGEC 1983)
Three major sectors Industry, Transport and Agriculture
5-10% of investment required for new energy supplies and equalamount would be saved by EC
Advisory Board on Energy was set up in 1983
ABE made detailed projection on energy demand
ABE commissioned Indian Law Institute in 1987 to prepare a draftof the Energy Conservation Bill for enactment
The draft was completed in 1988The establishment of Nodal Energy Conservation Organisation
(NECO)
It was soon replaced by Energy Management Centre
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Second Phase (6th & 7th five year plan 1980 1989)
The establishment of Nodal Energy Conservation Organisation(NECO)
It was soon replaced by Energy Management Centre
The centre coordinated
Energy Auditing of consumers both in the industrial and commercialsector
Both conventional and non conventional energy managementsystems and energy conservation
Education and training
Energy generation and conservation based employment and povertyalleviation programmes
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Third Phase (1990s)
National Energy Conservation Day 14th
of DecemberNational Energy Conservation Award
Eco-Mark Voluntary eco-labeling program; MoEF managed theprogram with the support of CPCB
Voluntary programme on energy efficiency
Refrigerators
Room Air Conditioners
World Energy Efficiency Association (WEEA) was founded in1993
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Fourth Phase
(Critical to the development of energy policy in India)
The energy conservation bill was passed as an act in September2001
It facilitated the creation of new body in the name of Bureau ofEnergy Efficiency popularly known as BEE
The Main objectives of BEE were
To exert leadership, provide policy framework and direction tonational energy conservation and efficiency efforts
To coordinate energy efficiency and conservation policies andprogrammes and take them to stakeholders
To establish systems and procedures to measure, monitor and verifyenergy efficiency results at sectoral as well as macro level
To leverage multi lateral, bi-lateral and private sector support inimplementation of EC Act and EE programmes
To interpret, plan and manage EC programmes as envisaged in theEC Act
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Fourth Phase
(Critical to the development of energy policy in India)
BEE has worked to eliminate market failures arising fromquandaries such as information asymmetries
Industry specific task forces
Notifying more industries as designated consumers
Conduct of energy audit amongst notified designated consumers
Recording and publication of best practices in each sector
Development of energy consumption norms
Monitoring of compliance with mandated provision by designatedconsumers
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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Fifth Phase : the way forward
Integrated Energy Policy (2006)
Barriers were analyzed
Energy Pricing
Informational asymmetries
Consuemers are not aware of the opportunities for improving
EEEffective and Comprehensive energy policy
Assessment of Energy Policy regimes
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National Action Plan
The National Action Plan on Climate Change wasreleased by Honorable Prime Minister of India in June
2008
The Action Plan Outlines 8 Missions includingNational Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
(NMEEE)
The Mission has outlined specific goals
Missions under NAPCC
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National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a Green India
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission for Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Missions under NAPCC
Indian Power Supply: Current Situation and
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Indian Power Supply: Current Situation andFuture Projections
Installed Capacity in India Approx. 160,000 MW
Projected Capacity in 2030 800,000 MW
600 MW capacity addition each week
Continued deficit supply in 2007-08 (MOP)
Peak power deficit of 16.6%
Energy Deficit of 9.9%
Source: Planning Commission of India and Central Electricity Authority
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Electricity Scenario in India
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Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation is achieved when growth of energy
consumption is reduced, measured in physical terms
Energy Conservation can therefore, be the result of severalprocesses or developments, such as productivity increase ortechnological progress
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Energy Conservation
Energy conservation refers to
efforts made to reduce energy consumption in order
to preserve resources for the future and reduce environmentalpollution.
Energy conservation can be achieved through
increased efficient energy use, in conjunction with
decreased energy consumption and/or reduced consumption fromconventional energy sources.
D i f E C i
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Drivers for Energy Conservation
India is faced with the challenge of sustaining its rapid economic
growth while dealing with the global threat of climate change
Increasing gross domestic product (GDP) remains the key target
of the Indias economic development strategy; however GDP
growth is tied closely to increasing energy consumption
Unless economic growth is decoupled from increased energy
consumption, the energy shortage situation will continue
While per-capita GHG emissions of India are low, in absolute
terms Indias GHG emissions very high
Energy Security and way towards clean technologies
E Effi i M
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Energy Efficiency Measures
Legal or Regulatory Instruments
Financial Measures
Market Oriented Mechanisms
Energy Audits
Energy Conservation programmes
Demand Side Mangement
I di R t d E Effi i
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Indias Response towards Energy Efficiency
Legal and Regulatory instruments
The Energy Conservation Act 2001
Mandatory energy Efficiency target of 5% by 2012 in 11th five year plan
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEE)
PAT (Perform, Achieve and Trade)
MTEE (Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency)
FEEED (Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development)
DSM (Demand Side Management)
Indias Response towards Energy Efficiency
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Indias Response towards Energy Efficiency
Financial Measures
The State Energy Conservation fund (SECF) is a 70 Crore
Rupees fund launched in 2009 under the framework of the 2001
Energy Conservation Act
Energy Audit
Energy audits are mandatory for large energy consuming
industries. The bureau of Energy Efficiency is responsible forimplementation of energy efficiency programmes
Energy Efficiency Spin offs
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Energy Efficiency Spin offs
Energy Efficiency / conservation measures can reduce peak and
average demand
One unit saved avoids around 2.5 to 3 times of fresh capacity
addition
Investment in energy efficiency/ energy conservation is highly cost
effective
Can be achieved less than Rs. 1.2 Crore/MW
Avoids investment in fuel, mining and transportation etc
Energy Efficiency India Scenario
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Energy Efficiency India Scenario
Savings Potential
Supply side savings opportunity : 25000 MW
Demand side savings opportunity
Agricultural sector : 20%
Commercial sector : 20-50 %
Industrial sector : 25 %
Energy Conservation Act 2001
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Energy Conservation Act 2001
Comprehensive legislation laying roadmap for improvement inenergy efficiency in the country
Mandatory energy audit for energy intensive industries
Minimum energy performance standards for industries & forequipment & appliances
Setting up of a Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Established in 2002 to provide a policy framework and direction tonational energy conservation activities, with following thrust areas:
Indian Industry Programme for Energy Conservation
Demand Side Management
Standards and Labeling Programme
Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Establishments
Energy Conservation Building Codes
Professional Certification and Accreditation
Manuals and Codes
Energy Efficiency Policy Research Programme
School Education
Delivery Mechanisms for Energy Efficiency Services
Standards and Labeling
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Standards and Labeling
Frost Free(No-Frost) refrigerator
Tubular Fluorescent Lamps
Room Air Conditioners
Direct Cool Refrigerator
Induction Motors, Pump Sets
Ceiling Fans
LPG, Electric Geysers
Colour TV
The Objectives of Program is to provide the consumer an informedchoice about the energy saving ,and thereby the cost saving potentialof the marketed household and other equipment.
The scheme was launched by the Hon'ble Minister of Power inMay,2006
The scheme is currently invoked for equipments/appliances
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
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Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
Commercial Buildings Sector in India
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Commercial Buildings Sector in India
Commercial Buildings Growth Forecast
Currently, ~ 659 million m2 (USAID ECO-III Internal Estimate Using MOSPI,CEA and Benchmarked Energy Use data)
In 2030,~ 1,900 million m2 (estimated) *
66% building stock is yet to be constructed
Year: 2010
660
million
m2
660
million
m2
* Assuming 5-6% Annual Growth
1,930
million m2
Source: USAID ECO- III Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Projected Growth Across Building Sector inI di
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India
Source: McKinsey Analysis
Growth of Electricity Consumption inCommercial Sector in India
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Commercial Sector in India
SOURCE: Central Electricity Authority (2009).
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
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gy g ( )
Covers new buildings and ensures minimum energy performancerequirements
Launched by Govt. of India on May 2007
Building components included
Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows)
Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System
Solar Water Heating and Pumping
Electrical Systems (Power Factor, Transformers)
ECBC Overview
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ECBC sets minimum energy efficiency standards for design andconstruction of commercial buildings
ECBC encourages energy efficient design of new buildings andmajor renovations
Addresses local design conditions and helps improve existingconstruction practices
Emphasis on Integrated Building Design approach
First generation code ease of use and continuousimprovement
ECBC Compliance
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ENVELOPEENVELOPE
HVACHVAC
LIGHTINGLIGHTING
ELECTRICAL POWERELECTRICAL POWER
SOLAR HOT WATER &
PUMPING
SOLAR HOT WATER &
PUMPING
PrescriptivePrescriptive
Whole Building
Performance
Whole Building
Performance
Trade-off option (for
ENVELOPE only)
COMPLIANCE APPROACHES
Required for ALL
Compliance Approaches
Applicable BUILDING SYSTEMS
ECBC Development
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Broad Stakeholder participation
Building Industry, Manufacturers, Professionals, Govt.Agencies etc.
ECO-II facilitated the development of ECBC
ECBC committee of experts
An extensive data collection was carried out for construction typesand materials, glass types, insulation materials, lighting and HVACequipment
Base case simulation models were developed
The stringency analysis was done through detailed energy and lifecycle cost analysis
Relationship of ECBC With Other Programs
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Program OrganizationCompliance
RequiredBuilding Type Building With Scope Linkage to ECBC
ECBCMinistry ofPower/BEE
Voluntary Commercial
ConnectedLoad>=500kW
Contract Demand
>=600kVA
Energy Efficiency NA
LEED-IndiaCII-Green
Business CenterVoluntary
Commercial/Institutional
-Sustainable
design/greenbuilding
Refers to ECBC forenergy efficiency
credits
GRIHA MNRE VoluntaryResidential/Commercial/Institutional
-Sustainable
design/greenbuilding
Refers to ECBC forenergy efficiency
credits
EnvironmentalImpact
Assessment (EIA)
Ministry ofEnvironmentand Forests
MandatoryCommercial/Resi
dentialApplicable toLarge Projects
EnvironmentalImpact
ECBC andEnvironmentalClearance
requirements arerelated
Energy Conservation Act 2001
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Government of India - creation of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Powers and Functions of BEE vis--vis ECBCPrescribe ECBC for efficient use of energyTake suitable steps to prescribe guidelines for ECBCLink Energy Performance Index (from the EC Act) to the ECBCPrescriptive Compliance Approach in order to facilitate theimplementation of the Code
[On Page 5, clause (j) of the EC Act, 2001 currently reads:"energy conservation building codes" means the norms and
standards of energy consumption expressed in terms of per squaremeter of the area wherein energy is used and includes the locationof the building]
Energy Conservation Act 2001
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Power of State Government:
The State Govt., in consultation with BEE, may
amend ECBC to suit the regional and local climatic conditions withrespect to use of energy in the buildings
direct the owner or occupier of a building (if notified as aDesignated Consumer) to comply with the provisions of ECBC
Benchmarking: Macro Analysis BuildingPopulation
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Population
N=760
N=861
Baseline Energy Use in Commercial Buildings
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Number ofBuildings
Building TypeFloorArea(m2)
Annual EnergyConsumption
(kWh)Benchmarking Indices
OFFICE BUILDINGS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour
145 One shift Buildings 16,716 20,92,364 149 0.068
55 Three shifts Buildings 31,226 88,82,824 349 0.042
88 Public Sector Buildings 15,799 18,38,331 115 0.045
224Private Sector
Buildings28,335 44,98,942 258 0.064
10 Green Buildings 8,382 15,89,508 141 -
HOSPITALS kWh/m
2
/year kWh/bed/year128
Multi-specialtyHospitals
8721 24,53,060 378 13,890
22 Government Hospitals 19,859 13,65,066 88 2,009
HOTELS kWh/m2/yearkWh/room/yea
r
89Luxury Hotels (4 and 5
Star)19,136 48,65,711 279 24,110
SHOPPING MALLS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour
101 Shopping Malls 10,516 23,40,939 252 0.05642
Source: Building Energy Benchmarking study undertaken by the USAID ECO-III Project
Building Envelope Design
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ECBC Compliant Design Strategy for a Building
Heat/Moisture Losses Walls Roof Window
Minimize ConductionLosses
Use insulation withlow U-value
Use insulationwithlow U-value
Use material withlowU-factor
Minimize ConvectionLosses & MoisturePenetration
Reduce air leakage&use vapor barrier
Reduce airleakage& use vaporbarrier
Use prefabricatedwindows and sealthejoints betweenwindows and walls.
Minimize RadiationLosses
Use light coloredcoating with highreflectance
Use lightcoloredcoating withhighreflectance
Use glazing withlowSolar Heat GainCoefficient (SHGC)
Demand Side Management
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Demand Side Management or DSM is defined as a set of initiativesundertaken by the utility on the consumer side of the meter to bring about
a desired change in consumer demand and/or demand profilemaintaining, or even enhancing the service provided to the consumer interms of quality, reliability and cost of service.
DSM programmes broadly classifies as
Peak Clipping Programme
Load Shifting Programme
Strategic Conservation Programme
.
Demand Side Management
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Monetary incentives results in the most effective implementation of anypolicy
ERCs can play a critical role in promoting DSM by appropriate tariffstructure
Time of Day Tariffs
Power Factor Incentive & Penalty / Reactive Power Charges
Load Management Charges
Rebates/ incentives for energy efficiency/ fuel switching
Differential Pricing for Agricultural Sector
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Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad
Thank YouRajkiran V. Bilolikar,
Assistant Professor, Energy Area,
Administrative Staff College of India,Bella Vista, Raj Bhavan Road,
Hyderabad - 500082
T: +91 40 6653 4390F: +91 40 6653 4356
M: +91 9704087888
rajkiran@asci.org.in
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