common signs and symptoms typically begin with behavioral changes slow developing and very subtle ...

Common Signs and Symptoms

Typically begin with behavioral changes Slow developing and very subtle May not be noticed early in development of

disorder Forgetfulness, anxiety, temper tantrums

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Diagnostic Tests

Physiologic testsBrain scans, EEGs, MRIs

Referral to psychiatrist for psychological testing

Aptitude test Personality test

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Developmental Disorders Mental Retardation - decreased

intelligence and ability to learn, socialize, and mature

Autism - developmental disorder Preoccupation with inner thoughts,

daydreams, fantasies, and delusions

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Developmental Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

Stuttering Hesitancy of starting and finishing word Prolonged pauses between words

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Developmental Disorders Eating disorders

Bulimia Anorexia nervosa

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Developmental Disorders Tic disorders - sudden, rapid muscle

movement or vocalization Enuresis - bedwetting; urinary

incontinence after toilet training

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Substance-Related Mental Disorders

AlcoholismPhysical and mental dependence on alcoholChronic, progressive, and often fatal

Marijuana - “pot” Cocaine - accelerant to CNS and

anesthetic

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Substance-Related Mental Disorders

Caffeine and Nicotine - Most addictive substances

Sedatives or depressants – anti-anxiety

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Substance-Related Mental Disorders

Amphetamines - releases epinepherine, leading to increased heart rate and other body systems

Hallucinogens - psychedelic drugs

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Substance-Related Mental Disorders

Narcotics - depressants primarily prescribed as analgesics

Inhalants - legal substances including glue, nail polish, lighter fluid

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Organic Mental Disorders Physical cause Affects cognition and ability to think,

remember, and make judgments May be temporary or permanent

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Organic Mental Disorders Dementia - deterioration of mental

abilities due to physical changes in brain Delirium - acute condition from

medications, alcohol, fever, or illness Alzheimer’s - progressive and

irreversible form of dementia

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Psychosis

Disintegration of one’s personality Impaired communication skills Inability to deal with life’s demands Delusions and hallucinations Schizophrenia - lose touch with reality,

delusions

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Psychosis

Delusional disordersBelief in a delusion in an otherwise normally

adjusted and balanced personality

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Psychosis

TypesGrandioseJealousErotomanicPersecutorySomatic

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Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions:

Depression - prolonged feeling of extreme sadness or unhappiness, despair and discouragement

Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressive condition during winter months

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Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions:

Bipolar Disorder - depression in which extreme depression and mania occur

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Dissociative Disorders

Changes in identity or consciousness Types

Psychogenic amnesiaPsychogenic fugueDepersonalizationMultiple personality

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Anxiety Disorders

Temporary response to stress but may become chronic

TypesGeneralized anxiety disorderPanic disorderPhobia disorder

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Anxiety Disorders

TypesObsessive-Compulsive disorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Somatoform Disorders

Physical symptoms but no organic cause can be foundConversion - “hysterical neurosis”Hypochondriasis - abnormal anxiety about

one’s body and health

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Somatoform DisordersPain disorderMalingeringMunchausen Syndrome

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Personality Disorders

Personality disordersParanoid Schizoid AntisocialNarcissistic Histrionic

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Sexual Disorders

Sexual disordersExhibitionismFetishismTransvestic fetishismFrotteurism

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Sexual Disorders

Sexual disordersPedophiliaSexual sadismSexual masochismVoyeurism

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Sleep Disorders

Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Nightmare disorder Sleep terror Sleepwalking

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Trauma

Grief - natural process of coping with loss

Suicide - major concern with teenagers

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