comparative anatomy muscles kardong chapter 10 part 10
Post on 28-Dec-2015
290 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Comparative AnatomyComparative AnatomyMusclesMuscles
Kardong Kardong Chapter 10Chapter 10
Part 10
MusclesMuscles
Two major muscle categories:Two major muscle categories: Somatic musclesSomatic muscles
Operate head, trunk, limbsOperate head, trunk, limbs Locomotion and orientationLocomotion and orientation
Visceral musclesVisceral muscles Operate visceral skeletonOperate visceral skeleton Digestion and respiratory movementsDigestion and respiratory movements
More on the two Muscle More on the two Muscle GroupingsGroupings
Somatic musclesSomatic muscles Skeletal muscleSkeletal muscle Striated and voluntaryStriated and voluntary
Visceral musclesVisceral muscles Smooth muscleSmooth muscle Non-striated and involuntaryNon-striated and involuntary Exception- branchiomerics (unsegmented)Exception- branchiomerics (unsegmented)
Skeletal Muscle Microanatomy
Figure 10.1 (book figure 10.2).
Cardiac Muscle Microanatomy
Figure 10.2 (book figure 10.3).
Smooth Muscle Microanatomy
Figure 10.3 (book figure 10.4).
Skeletal MusclesSkeletal Muscles
AxialAxial Trunk and tailTrunk and tail
AppendicularAppendicular Insert on girdles, fins, or limbsInsert on girdles, fins, or limbs
BranchiomericsBranchiomerics Attached to visceral skeletonAttached to visceral skeleton
Figure 10.4. (book figure 10.21).
Origin of Muscle GroupsDerived from Embryonic
Myotomes
Axial MusculatureAxial Musculature SharkShark
Epaxial and hypaxial Epaxial and hypaxial musclesmuscles
Body wall musclesBody wall muscles AmphibiansAmphibians
Epaxials above Epaxials above transverse processtransverse process
Hypaxials along body Hypaxials along body wall properwall proper
MammalsMammals Epaxials subdividedEpaxials subdivided Hypaxials more complexHypaxials more complex
Figure 10.5. Trunk muscles of vertebrates.
Abdominal Muscle Groups - AmniotesAbdominal Muscle Groups - Amniotes
EpaxialsEpaxials Transversospinalis, Transversospinalis,
longissimus, iliocostalislongissimus, iliocostalis HypaxialsHypaxials
Dorsomedials, laterals, Dorsomedials, laterals, ventralsventrals
Laterals- external oblique, Laterals- external oblique, internal oblique, and internal oblique, and transverse abdominustransverse abdominus
Ventral- rectus abdominusVentral- rectus abdominus
Figure 10.6. Epaxial and hypaxial muscles
Epaxial and Hypaxial Muscles - AmniotesEpaxial and Hypaxial Muscles - Amniotes
Figure 10.7. Epaxial and hypaxial mucles.Figure 10.8. Specific epaxial muscles.
Head RegionHead Region
Figure 10.10. Axial muscle origin and innervation in vertebrate embryo.
Figures 10.9. Myotomes in the head, neck, and thoracic regions of the embryo.
Head RegionHead Region In branchial region, somites are broken downIn branchial region, somites are broken down Ventral slips of postbranchial somites become Ventral slips of postbranchial somites become
hypobranchialhypobranchial musculature musculature Hypobranchial muscles give rise to:Hypobranchial muscles give rise to:
SternohyoidSternohyoid SternothyroidSternothyroid OmohyoidOmohyoid Tongue muslcesTongue muslces
GeniohyoidGeniohyoid HyoglossusHyoglossus StyloglossusStyloglossus GenioglossusGenioglossus Lingualis propriaLingualis propria
Figure 10.11. (book figure 10.30).
Appendicular MusclesAppendicular Muscles
ExtrinsicExtrinsic Origin on axial skeleton or fascia of trunkOrigin on axial skeleton or fascia of trunk Insert on girdles and limbsInsert on girdles and limbs
IntrinsicIntrinsic Origin on girdles or proximal skeletal elements of Origin on girdles or proximal skeletal elements of
appendagesappendages Insert on more distal skeletal elementsInsert on more distal skeletal elements
Intrinsic MusclesIntrinsic Muscles
Figure 10.12. Intrinsic muscles of pectoral girdle and forelimbs of mammals and their homologues in reptiles.
BranchiomericsBranchiomerics
Arises from lateral mesodermArises from lateral mesoderm Mandibular (1Mandibular (1stst) arch) arch Hyoid archHyoid arch Arches IV to VIArches IV to VI
Branchiomeric MusclesBranchiomeric Muscles
Figure 10.13. Branchiomeric muscles and their innervations (see book table 10.3).
BranchiomericsBranchiomerics Mandibular (1Mandibular (1stst) arch) arch
Intermandibularis - digasticIntermandibularis - digastic Adductor mandibulae - masseter, temporalisAdductor mandibulae - masseter, temporalis
Hyoid archHyoid arch Sphincter coliSphincter coli Platysma and mimeticsPlatysma and mimetics
integumentary musclesintegumentary muscles Arches IV to VIArches IV to VI
Trapezius, sternomastoid, Trapezius, sternomastoid, cleidomastoidcleidomastoid
Figure 10.14. Branchiomeric muscles of gnathostomes.
Nerves Innervating MusclesNerves Innervating Muscles
Figure 10.15. Facial nerves to muscles.
Figure 10.16. Cranial nerves.
Extrinsic Eye MusclesExtrinsic Eye Muscles
Six eyeball musclesSix eyeball muscles 2 obliques2 obliques
Superior and inferior on Superior and inferior on anterior portionanterior portion
4 rectus4 rectus Arise in posterior Arise in posterior
portion of orbitportion of orbit Innervated by Innervated by
oculomotor, trochlear, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducensand abducens
Figure 10.17. Innervation of eye muscle in embryo.
Extrinsic Eye MusclesExtrinsic Eye Muscles
Figure 10.18. Dorsal view of extrinsic muscles of the left eyeball . Figure 10.19. Lateral view of extrinsic
muscles of eyeball.
DiaphragmDiaphragm
Mammalian muscle structureMammalian muscle structure Near lungs and heart in abdominal cavityNear lungs and heart in abdominal cavity
Figure 10.20. Human diaphragm.
Dermal or Integumentary MusclesDermal or Integumentary Muscles
Fish & tailed amphibians- Fish & tailed amphibians- skin is firmly attached to skin is firmly attached to musculaturemusculature
Sphincter coli- first Sphincter coli- first muscle to move skinmuscle to move skin Subdivides down neck- Subdivides down neck-
platysmaplatysma Extrinsic and intrinsic Extrinsic and intrinsic
muscle groupsmuscle groups Figure 10.21. Evolution of mammalian facial muscles. Shows sphincter colli (SC) spreading into platysma (P).
ExtrinsicExtrinsic Integumentary Muscles Integumentary Muscles Costocutaneous muscles - allows rectilinear motion Costocutaneous muscles - allows rectilinear motion
(reptiles)(reptiles) Panniculus carnosus - sheet surrounds bodyPanniculus carnosus - sheet surrounds body Cutaneous maximus - to shake skin (higher mammals)Cutaneous maximus - to shake skin (higher mammals) Patagial muscles - bat wingsPatagial muscles - bat wings Auricularis - moves human earAuricularis - moves human ear Caninus muscle - arises with aggressionCaninus muscle - arises with aggression
IntrinsicIntrinsic Integumentary Muscles Integumentary Muscles Arrectores plumarum (birds) & arrectores pilorum Arrectores plumarum (birds) & arrectores pilorum
(mammals) - erects hair and feathers(mammals) - erects hair and feathers
Specialized MusclesSpecialized Muscles
Electric organsElectric organs In elasmobranchs and bony fishIn elasmobranchs and bony fish Modified hypaxial musclesModified hypaxial muscles
Figure 10.22. Electric eel.
Vertebrates with Electric Organs
Figure 10.23. (book figure 10.1).
top related