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Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo
Physics and Astronomy ONLINE LIBRARY
http://www.springer.de/phys/
S. Armfield P. Morgan K. Srinivas (Eds.)
Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ICCFD, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 July 2002
Springer
Professor Steve W. Armfield Professor Patrick Morgan Professor Karkenahalli Srinivas University of Sydney School of Aerospace Building J 07
2006 Sydney Australia
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.
ISBN-13:978-3-642-63938-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-S9334-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5
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Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2003
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Preface
We are pleased to present the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics held at the University of Sydney, Australia, from July 15 to 19, 2002. The conference was a productive meeting of scientists, mathematicians and engineers involved in the computation of fluid flow. Keynote lectures were presented in the areas of optimisation, algorithms, turbulence and bio-fluid mechanics.
Two hundred and fifty abstracts from many countries were received for consideration. The executive committee, consisting of A. Lerat, M. Napolitano, J.J. Chattot, N. Satofuka and myself, were responsible for the selection of papers. Each of the members had a separate subcommittee to carry out the evaluation. One hundred and seventy papers were selected of which one hundred and fifty two were presented at the conference. All papers that appear in the proceedings have been peer reviewed by a panel of experts (with a minimum of two for every paper) before publication.
The conference was attended by 160 delegates with a minimum of late withdrawals. The informal and friendly atmosphere provided by the university surroundings was highly appreciated, and the technical aspects of the conference were stimulating.
It is appropriate here to thank Alain Lerat, the retiring secretary of the international scientific committee of the conference. We also wish to welcome J. J. Chattot who is the incoming secretary.
I would also like to thank the members of the local organising committee who processed the abstracts and the manuscripts, the referees for their invaluable comments, the sponsors for their generous support and the many students and spouses for their help.
Sydney, Australia September 2002
K. Srinivas chairman
Sponsors
NASA, Ames, USA Dassault Aviation, Paris, France Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia The Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Local Organising Committee
K Srinivas, University of Sydney, Chairman, Editor S W Armfield, University of Sydney, Co-Chairman, Editor-in-Chief P Morgan, University of Sydney, Secretary, Editor M Behnia, University of New South Wales D J Auld, University of Sydney J Madani, University of Sydney B Dally, University of Adelaide L Cheng, University of Western Australia J P Denier, University of Adelaide G Bain, Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia
International Scientific Committee
C H Bruneau, France R MacCormack, USA J J Chattot, USA K Nakahashi, Japan H Deconinck, Belgium Y Nakamura, Japan S Dennis, Carmda M Napolitano, Italy S M Deshpande, India J Periaux, France D XFu, China R Radespiel, Germany K Fujii, Japan P L Roe, USA M Giles, UK F Sabetta, Italy M Hafez, USA N Satofuka, Japan Y Hussaini, USA Y Shokin, Russia R Klein, Germany K Srinivas, Australia D Kwak, USA HMWu, China A Lerat, France Y Yang, Taiwan P Le Quere, France F G zhuang, China
Honorary Members
H Cabbannes, France M Holt, France E Krause, Germany K W Morton, UK K Oshima, Japan R Peyret, France P Zandbergen, Netherlands
Contents
Part I Invited Lectures
A Newton-Krylov Algorithm for Aerodynamic Analysis and Design D. W. Zingg, M. Nemec, T. T. Chisholm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Studying Bypass Transition to Turbulence by Computer Simulation P. A. Durbin, C. Kalitzen .......................................... 19
A Parallel Non-Staggered Navier-Stokes Solver Implemented on a Workstation Cluster S. Armfield, S. Norris, P. Morgan, R. Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
Towards Computational Biomechanics Based Cardiovascular Medical Practice Takami Yamaguchi, Tomoaki Hayasaka, Daisuke Mori, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Kouichiro Yano, Fumio Mizuno, Makoto Harazawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
Part II Algorithms
Uncertainty Quantification in CFD Simulations: A Stochastic Spectral Approach Lionel Mathelin, M. Yousuff Hussaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
A Computational Method for Combustion Using Conditional Moment Closure M.J. Cleary, J.H. Kent and R. W. Bilger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
Building-Cube Method for Flow Problems with Broadband Characteristic Length K azuhim N akahashi ............................................... 77
A Discrete Sensitivity Solver for an Industrial CFD Code via Automatic Differentiation David W. F. Standingford, Shaun A. Forth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82
X Contents
Conservative Multidimensional Upwind Residual Distribution Schemes for Arbitrary Finite Elements Tiago Quintino, Mario Ricchiuto, Arpi Csz'k, Herman Deconinck and Stefaan Poedts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88
An Embedded Grid Adaptation Strategy for Unstructured Data Based Finite Volume Computations Nikhil Shende, Umesh Garg, D. Karthikeyan, N. Balakrishnan. . . . . . . . . .. 94
Computation of 3D Steady Navier-Stokes Flow with Free-Surface Gravity Waves Mervyn R. Lewis, Barry Koren, Hoyte C. Raven . ...................... 100
Profile-modifiable Conservative Transport Schemes and a Simple Multi-integrated Moment Formulation for Hydrodynamics Feng Xiao . ........................................................ 106
Preconditioned Implicit Flux-splitting Scheme for Condensate Flows Satoru Yamamoto, Byeong Rog Shin . ................................. 112
Numerical Model for Flows Including a Solid Body by Level Set Method Kensuke Yokoi . .................................................... 118
Designing Adaptive Low Dissipative High Order Schemes H. C. Yee, B. Sjogreen .............................................. 124
A New Grid-free Method for Conservation Laws Praveen Chandrashekar, S M Deshpande .............................. 128
CFD Newton Solvers with EliAD: An Elimination Automatic Differentiation Tool Shaun A. Forth, Mohamed Tadjouddine . .............................. 134
Parallelized, Solution Adaptive, Multi-Grid Hybrid Unstructured Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations on Complex Configurations S. J. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. S. Chen, D. Godavarty, P. Mallapragada . ........ 140
Uncertainty of Solution in Euler Equations and Numerical Instability Kyu Hong Kim, Chongam Kim, Oh-Hyun Rho, Kyung-Tae Lee . ......... 146
Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Time-domain Maxwell's Equations Adour V. Kabakian, Vijaya Shankar, William F. Hall . ................. 153
Contents XI
Controllable and Observable Subspaces in Computational Fluid Dynamics Karen Willcox . .................................................... 159
A Compact Residual Scheme for Unsteady Compressible Flow Problems Remi Abgrall, Mohamed Mezine . ..................................... 165
Coordinate Transformation for CFD Zi-Niu Wu, Jing Shi ............................................... 171
Part III Application
3-Dimensional SPH Simulations of High Pressure Die Casting Joseph Ha, Paul W. Cleary ......................................... 179
Numerical Simulations of Blood Flow at the Distal Anastomosis between a Prosthetic Graft and a Native Popliteal Artery Siro Kitamura, Yoshinori Inoue, Takehisa Iwai, Junichi Goida . .......... 185
Effect of Ship Frontal Variation on the Flow Field in the Flight-Deck Region R. Toffoletto, K.R. Reddy, J. Lewis .................................. 191
Part IV Compressible Flow
Numerical Solution of the Euler Equations with a Multiorder Discontinuous Finite Element Method Francesco Bassi, Stefano Rebay ...................................... 199
A Positivity Preserving Finite Element Method for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations Matthew Hubbard, Martin Berzins . ................................... 205
A Residual-Based Scheme for Solving Unsteady Compressible Viscous Flows Gregoire Hanss, Christophe Corre, Alain Lerat ........................ 211
A Multi-Block Shock-Fitting Technique to Solve Steady and Unsteady Compressible Flows Francesco Nasuti . .................................................. 217
3D Numerical Simulation of a Planar Compressible Free Mixing Layer Song Fu, Qibing Li ................................................. 223
XII Contents
A Blunt Body Analogy for Bow Shock Characteristics in Front of a Supersonic Liquid Jet Sam Zakrzewski, K ulachate Pianthong, M asud Behnia, Brian E. Milton . .. 229
Spectral (Finite) Volume Method for the One Dimensional Euler Equations Z.J. Wang, Yen Liu . ............................................... 235
High Resolution Monotonicity-Preserving Schemes for Unsteady Compressible Flows Virginie Daru, Christian Tenaud . .................................... 241
Arbitrarily Accurate Non-Oscillatory Schemes for Nonlinear Scalar Conservation Laws with Source Terms II Yoko Takakum, Eleuterio F. Toro .................................... 247
Parallel Preconditioners with Mesh Adaptation for Compressible Flow Computations Marzio Sala, Penelope Leyland, Luca Formaggia, Farid Moussaoui, Yannick Savoy .................................................... 253
A New Grid-free Relaxation Scheme for Conservation Laws S. Balasubmmanyam, S. V. Raghumma Rao ., ......................... 259
Part V Computational Aerodynamics
On the Potential of Numerical Optimization of High-Lift Multi-Element Airfoils based on the Solution of the Navier-Stokes-Equations Jochen Wild . ...................................................... 267
Thrust and Lift Dependence of a Plunging Airfoil on Oscillation Frequency and Amplitude J. Young, J. C.S. Lai ............................................... 273
A New Set of Boundary Conditions for Aerodynamic Design Michele Ferlauto, Angelo lollo, Roberto Marsilio, Luca Zannetti ......... 279
Numerical Analysis of the Clustered Type Aerospike Nozzle Flow: Flow Structures and Thrust Performance Takashi Ito, Kozo HLjii ............................................. 285
Contents XIII
Part VI Direct Numerical Simulation
A Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Solutions for Incompressible Bifurcating Jets in Stratified Environments P. L. Morgan, M. Kirkpatrick and S. W. Armfield . .................... 293
Simulations of Turbulent and Gravity Interfaces by Lagrangian Block Method Vincent H. Chu, Wihel Altai ........................................ 299
Parallel DNS of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence Using Variable Order Method of Lines Hidetoshi Nishida, Satoshi Nakai, Nobuyuki Satofuka ................... 305
Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Shear Flow Beneath a Wind-Driven Water Surface Wu-ting Tsai . ..................................................... 311
New Bench-mark Results for the 2D Lid-driven Cavity Problem Charles-Henri Bruneau, Mazen Saad ................................. 317
Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Flow past a Linear Array of Cylinders by Parallel Computation Hua-Shu Dou and Nhan Phan- Thien ................................. 323
Numerical Investigations of N ear-Wall Turbulence Structures Zinedine Khatir . ................................................... 329
Part VII Fluid Structure Coupling and Heat Transfer
Optimization of a Thermal Coupled Flow Problem Gunter Blirwolff ................................................... 337
Stabilization of a Linearized Navier-Stokes Solver for Turbomachinery Aeroelasticity M. Sergio Campobasso, Michael B. Giles . ............................. 343
Diffusive Mass Transfer and Its Effect upon Boundary-Layer Flows lordan A. Halatchev, James P. Denier ............................... 349
Numerical Estimations of Transonic Flutter Calculation with the Fluid/Structure Coupling Method Hiroshi Temshima, Kozo Fujii ...................................... 355
XIV Contents
Flares of Heat in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder in Cross Flow Using a Compact Finite-Difference Scheme Salem Bouhairie, Vincent H. Chu ....... ............................. 361
Numerical Analysis of the Airfoil's Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems at Large Mean Incidence Angle Yan Jin, Xin Yuan, Byeong Rog Shin . ................................ 367
Part VIII Incompressible Flows
Application of Two Dimensional Boundary Element Methods to Ship Motion Predictions D.S. Holloway, M.R. Davis . ......................................... 375
The Characteristic-Based-Split Method for 3D Incompressible Flows on Unstructured Grids P. Nithiarasu, J. S. Mathur . ........................................ 381
Spectral Vorticity Method for Computation of Axial and Near-Axial Flow Over Long Circular Cylinders Milton Woods, Max Bull . ........................................... 387
A Robust and Accurate Scheme for Solving Low Speed Flows Meng-Sing Liou . ................................................... 393
Part IX Kinetic Schemes
Implicit Kinetic Schemes for the Euler and the Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics Equations Ramesh K. Agarwal, H.S.R. Reksoprodjo . ............................. 401
3-D KFMG Euler Computations for Unsteady Flows Around Oscillating Geometries R. Krishnamurthy, B.S. Sarma, S.M. Deshpande . ...................... 407
3D Euler Codes Based on Kinetic Upwind Scheme and Their Verification and Validation Using NAL Wind Tunnel Data PS Kulkarni . ...................................................... 413
Part X Large Eddy Simulation
A General Approximate Wall Condition for Large Eddy Simulations P. S. Weng, W. Lo, C. A. Lin ...................................... 421
Contents XV
Large Eddy Simulation of the Purging of Density-Stabilized Basins Michael Kirkpatrick, Steven Armfield . ................................ 427
A Large-Eddy Simulation of Two Side-by-Side Circular Cylinders in Cross Flow Li Chen, Jiyuan Tu ................................................ 433
LES of Turbulent Boundary Layers Wageeh A. El-Askary, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schroder . ............ 439
Part XI Mesh
An Adaptively-Moving-Grid Finite-Volume Scheme with Boundary-Grid Elimination/Addition Kenichi Matsuno . .................................................. 447
An Adaptive Cartesian Mesh Flow Solver Based on the Tree-data with Anisotropic Mesh Refinement Takanobu Ogawa .................................................. 453
A Posteriori Error Determination and Grid Adaptation for AMR and ALE Computational Fluid Dynamics Giovanni Lapenta .................................................. 459
A Posteriori Error Estimates and Adaptive Meshing Applied to Flow in Channels with Corners Pavel Burda, Jaroslav Novotny, Bedfich Sousedz'k ...................... 465
Part XII Mixed Topics
Fingering Instabilities in a Miscible Rotating Hele-Shaw Flow Ching- Yao Chen, Shu- Wei Wang, Yu-Chia Liu ........................ 473
A Composite Explicit-Implicit Godunov Method for Unsteady Problems on Highly Stiff Grids Igor Men'shov, Yoshiaki Nakamura . .................................. 479
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the· 3D Flow Between Two Counter-rotating Disks Olivier Daube, Patrick Le Quere, Frederic Moisy, Marc Rabaud . ......... 485
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Oxygen Recombination on Finite Catalytic Surface Tomoe Oda, Yoshiaki Tamura, Tetuya Kawamura . ..................... 491
Finite Spectral Essentially Non-Oscillatory Scheme Hong- Wei Liu, Yun-Feng Liu, Jian-Ping Wang . ....................... 496
XVI Contents
Numerical Studies on the Reaction Zones in a Detonation Wave with a Detailed Chemical Reaction Model Xiang Yu Hu, Boo Cheong Khoo, De Liang Zhang, Zong Lin Jiang . ...... 502
Direct Simulation of Aeolian Tone by the Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method Michihisa Tsutahara, Makoto Kurita, Takeshi Kataoka . ................ 508
Development and Applications of a Coupled CFD/CSD Methodology Using an Embedded CSD Approach Joseph D. Baum, Eric L. Mestreau, Hong Luo, Rainald Lohner, Daniele Pelessone, Charles Charman ........................................ 514
Part XIII Multi-phase Flow
Fix for Solution Errors near Interfaces in Two-Fluid Flow Computations B. Koren, E.H. van Bmmmelen, P. W. Hemker, B. van Leer, M.R. Lewis. 523
Numerical Analysis of Particle Behavior Penetrating into Liquid by Level Set Method Tsuyoshi Oda, Nobuyuki Satofuka, Hidetoshi Nishida .................. 529
ANew Algorithm for Cavitating Flow Simulations Based on the Bubble Dynamics Yoshiaki Tamura, Yoichiro Matsumoto . ............................... 535
Free-Lagrange Simulations of Shock/Bubble Interaction in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Ahmad R. Jamaluddin, Graham J. Ball, Timothy G. Leighton . .......... 541
Effects of Differencing Schemes on Simulation of Dense Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flows S. J. Zhang, P. Zulli, Y. Q. Feng, X. F. Dong, A. B. Yu ................ 547
Numerical Modelling of Multiple Three Dimensional Gas Bubbles Rising in a Quiescent Liquid Using a Volume of Fluid Method Matt Gaston, John Reizes, Geoff Evans . .............................. 553
Numerical Investigation of Flow Instability in a Low-Pressure Subcooled Boiling Channel Y.Z. Li, G. H. Yeoh, J. Y. Tu .. ..................................... 559
Numerical Simulation of Particle Generation in Gas Phase Reactors Rainer Kaiser, Dieter Hanel, Einar Kruis, Roland Vilsmeier ............ 565
Contents XVII
Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results of a Mould Filling with Viscous Fluid Jerome Breil, Jean Paul Caltagirone, Eric Giraud, Hideaki Aiso, Tadayasu Takahashi ........................................................ 571
On the Computation of Multi-Material Flows Using ALE Formulation Hong Luo, Joseph D. Baum, Rainald Lohner . ......................... 577
Part XIV Optimisation
Turbomachinery Airfoil Design Optimization Using Differential Evolution Nateri K. Madavan ................................................ 585
Design Optimization of Fluid Dynamic Problems Using Cartesian Grids Andrea Dadone, Bernard Grossman . ................................. 591
Multi-Criteria Aerodynamic Shape Design Problems in CFD Using a Modern Evolutionary Algorithm on Distributed Computers E. Whitney, L. Gonzalez, K. Srinivas, J. Periaux ...................... 597
Comparison of Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation and Simulated Annealing in 'fransonic Airfoil Design Optimization X. Q.Xing and M.Damodaran ........................................ 603
Part XV Supersonic Flows and Shock Waves
Numerical Simulation of Fluctuations in a Shock Tunnel Flow Richard J. Goozee, David R. Buttsworth, Peter A. Jacobs . .............. 611
Numerical Simulations of Sonic Booms in Non-uniform Flows Mohamed HaJez, Essam Wahba ...................................... 617
Computing Jet Screech: A Complex Aeroacoustic Feedback System Ching Y. Loh, Lennart S. Hultgren . .................................. 623
Direct Simulation of 'fransitional Shock Boundary-Layer Interactions at Mach 2 YuJeng Yao, Neil Sandham . ......................................... 629
XVIII Contents
Numerical Simulation of Shock-Interface Interaction With Modified Compact Scheme Fu Dexun, Ma Yanwen ............................................. 635
Direct Molecular Simulation (Monte-Carlo Method) of Weak Mach Shock Reflection D.l. Auld . ........................................................ 641
Part XVI Turbomachinery Flow
Numerical Study of the Flow Around the High-torque Wind Turbine of Vertical Axis Type Tet'uya Kawamura, Yuko Sato ....................................... 649
Numerical Simulation of Steady and Unsteady Turbomachinery Flows Using a Navier-Stokes Solver l. l. Liu ......................................................... 655
Numerical Simulation of Windturbine for Interference Between Rotors and Tower Makoto hda, Chuichi Arakawa . ...................................... 661
Unsteady Flow Simulation of Turbine Stage Francesco Martelli, Elisabetta Belardini, Paolo Adami . ................. 667
A Three-Dimensional Parallel Time-Accurate Turbopump Simulation Procedure Using Overset Grid Systems C. Kiris, W. Chan, D. Kwak ........................................ 673
Part XVII Turbulence
Cycle-resolved Computations of Compressible Vortical Flow in Cylinders of Engines Ken Naitoh, Masash'i Ono, Kunio Kuwahara, Egon Krause . ............. 681
Turbulent Pipe Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids M. Rudman, H. M. Blackburn ....................................... 687
Some Aspects of Shocklets in Isotropic Compressible Turbulence Fcnggan Zhuang, Xinliang Li ....................................... 693
Contents XIX
Part XVIII Unsteady Flow
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Viscous Flow Around a Flapping Wing Koji Isogai ........................................................ 701
Validation of Unsteady Turbulent Flow Predictions for Over-expanded Rocket Nozzles Richard Schwane, Lars Torngren, Henry Wong . ....................... 707
Gust Acoustics Computation with a Space-Time CE/SE Parallel 3D Solver XY. Wang1 , A. Himansu2 , S.C. Chanl and P.C.E. Jorgenson4 ......... 713
Unsteady Flow and Noise Characteristics of Wing in Ground Effect at Close Proximity Young J. Moon, Sung-Ryong Koh, Jung-Hee Seo, Yong-Hyun Yoon, Jin-Soo Cho ...................................................... 719
An Accurate and Efficient Technique for Unsteady Viscous Flows in Two Dimensions G. Pascazio, A. Grimaldi, M. Napolitano . ............................ 725
A Second-order-accurate Monotone Implicit Fluctuation Splitting Scheme for Unsteady Problems P. De Palma, G. Pascazio, G. Rossiello, M. Napolitano . ................ 731
Part XIX Vortical Flows
Direct Navier-Stokes Simulation of Acoustic Waves Radiated by Vortex-Body Interaction Nozomu Hatakeyama, Osamu Inoue, Tomohiro Irie .................... 739
Simulation of Streamwise Vortices on Turbulent Hypersonic Ramps He'inrich Diideke, Erich Schiilein ..................................... 745
Numerical Simulation of the Interaction of Two Adjacent Synthetic Jet Actuators Dahai Guo, Andrew W. Cary, Ramesh K. Agarwal . .................... 751
Numerical Investigation of Spiral and Wavy Vortices in Spherical Gaps Li Yuan . ......................................................... 757
XX Contents
Part XX Technical Notes
A Numerical Model of the Dry Spinning Process Joyce M Aitchison . ................................................ 765
Transient Sulfur Dioxide Uptake by an Aerosol Droplet in a Convective Flow Wei-Hsin Chen . ................................................... 767
Parallelism for Simulations of an Entire Shock Tunnel Facility Richard J. Goozee, Peter A. Jacobs . ................................. 769
Numerical Analysis of Transpiration Cooling in Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere at Hypersonic Mach Numbers P.S. Kulkarni, V.N. Kulkarni, B.R. Ravi and K.P.J. Reddy . ............ 771
Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Effects in Two-Phase Nozzles U. Maatje, E. von Lavante .......................................... 773
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder Zhiliang Ou, Liang Cheng . .......................................... 775
Investigation of Flow Conditioning in Pipes G. Moniz Pereira, B. Mickan, E. von Lavante, R. Kramer . ............. 777
A Combined SPH-experimental Systematic Approach to Resonant Free Surface Movements Antonio Souto, Rosario Bravo . ...................................... 779
Development of a Simple 2-D Steady State Model of the Flow from a Precessing Jet Nozzle Elizabeth Smith, Bassam Dally, Graham Nathan . ...................... 781
The Practical Application of Polyhedral Finite Volume Methodology to Problems with Large Scale Discrepancies Ron Cresswell, Paul Croaker ........................................ 783
Transition of Strouhal Frequency Associated with Drag and Lift across Pitch to Diameter Ratio 1.8 of Square-Pitched Cylinder Array in Cross Flow Hisashi Hishida, Takashi Adachi, Hirotoshi Hishida .................... 785
Investigation of Scalar Transport Closures Using DNS Anthony Keating, Matthew Bilson, Klaus Bremhorst, Srdjan Nesic ....... 787
Implementation of Multiple Mapping Conditioning for Single Conserved Scalar
Contents XXI
Andrew P. Wandel, Nigel S.A. Smith, A. Y. Klimenko .................. 789
Micro-VOF: An Improved Free Surface Tracking Algorithm for Unsteady Free Surface Flow Problems J.R. Whelan, M.R. Davis, D.S. Holloway . ............................ 791
Performance of Geometry-Independent Second-Moment Closures in Application to Recirculating Flows Sergey N. Yakovenko, C.H. Hsu, K.C. Chang .......... ................ 793
Difference Approximation on Non-Uniform Mesh and Applications Ma Yanwen, Fu Dexun ............................................. 795
Thermal Layer Instability in a Shallow Wedge Subject to Solar Radiation Chengwang Lei, John C. Patterson, Duncan E. Farrow . ................ 797
Turbulence Modeling Using Artificial Compressibility with Implicit LU-SGS Method Lee Thong See, Liao Wei, Low Hong Tong . ........................... 799
A Stable Numerical Method for the Time Dependent NavierStokes Equations and Its Application in Street Canyon Flows Jiyang Xia, Dennis Y. C. Leung . ..................................... 801
A Finite Volume Least-Squares Method Darryl Whitlow, Jean-Jacques Chattot ................................ 803
Development of A 3-D Laminar Compressible Navier-Stokes Solver R. Balasubramanian, N. Balakrishnan ................................ 805
Energy Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation Penelope Leyland, Bernd Hagenah" Volker Carstens . ................... 807
CFD Modelling of Vehicle A-Pillar Aerodynamics Nurul M. Murad, Jamal Naser, Firoz Alam, Simon Watkins . ............ 809
An Unsplit Relaxation Scheme for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws S. V. Raghurama Rao, Sachin Khosla ................................ 811
A Computational Study of Combustion of Pulverised Coal and Softwood Blends Chatphol Meesri, Behdad Moghtaderi ................................. 813
XXII Contents
Numerical Simulations of Aortic Flow Problems Based on A Parallelized Artificial Compressibility Solver Yang- Yao Niu, Wei-Kuang Chu, Shou-Cheng Tcheng, Lung-Cheng Lee, Hsi- Yu Yu ........................................................ 815
Multi-block Grid with Overlapping for Implicit Parallel Computation of Flow Field within Turbomachinery Zhirong Lin, Xin Yuan . ............................................ 817
Numerical Investigation of Oscillating Flow around a Circular Cylinder Lee Woon Chew Liang Cheng and Bing Chen . ....................... 819
A Tw~ Dimensional CFD Code for Teaching H. Sidd-ique, 1. Naser . .............................................. 821
Evolutionary Algorithms, Game Theory and Hierarchical Models in CFD 1. Prir·iaux, M. Sefrioui, E. 1. Whitney, L. Gonzalez, K. Srinivas, 1. Wang 823
Index ............................................................ 837
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