computing fundamentals unit 1- types of computers
Post on 26-Dec-2015
239 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Computing FundamentalsUnit 1- Types of Computers
Project
Taxonomy of IT
T/F Statements
You’ll learn…
Quick History of Computers
Identifying types of computers
Computer has a broad meaning
What is a computer?
A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.
Binary Numbering The use of the binary number
system with two values: 0 and 1. 1= ON 0= OFFWhat Counting to Ten Looks Like
Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010
Charles Babbage- the “father of computing”
Designed a steam-powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821.
His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.
The British Colossus decoded messages during WWII In 1943, the British built the first
“Colossus” computer. Used to decipher encrypted
teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.
Integrated circuits brought “chips” to computers
One major step in computer development was the integrated circuit A group of tiny
transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer, or “chip.”
Over the years, IC’s have continued to get smaller in size but larger in their capacity to function.
The Altair was a computer individuals could afford The first computer that most
individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS.
No keyboard or screen Information was entered by clicking
switches
Apple created the first user-friendly personal computer
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit.
The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.
The IBM PC gave way to many clone “compatibles” In 1981, IBM
introduced its version of the personal computer—the IBM PC.
IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.”
Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.
Desktop Computer
Personal computer (PC) or MAC AKA Microcomputer Individual user
Laptop or Notebook
PC or Mac Portability Touchpad
Netbook
NOT laptop replacement Made for travel Basic
Check email Web Office No Multitasking
Netbook
Lightweight & smaller
Less powerful than laptop
Small Screen Longer battery No CD/DVD Low in RAM (1GB) Windows XP/7
Basic
Tablet PC
Form of notebook
Swivel Screen Handwriting
Stylus
Workstation
Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives
Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray
Server
Performs functions for computers on a network Hold Data Handle Email Web Site
Hand-Held
PDA / SmartPhone Personal Digital Assistant AKA Pocket PC Windows or Palm OS Touch Screen Can do email, web,
Office, etc.
Terminal Data entering Keyboard &
Monitor “Dumb” Terminal
Only performs functions when connected to larger system
Mainframe
Connected to terminals
Bulk data processing Banks, statistics Hundreds of thousands $ Large institutions & govt. Airlines
Supercomputers
Large & fast Perform BIG calc’s Volumes of data Millions of $$$ Government Military Research Labs NASA
Other Types of Computers Poster of “other” types of
computers you have come across
Name, where found, info, etc.
Review
Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer? Mainframe
Which computer only performs when connected to a larger computer? Terminal
What’s another name for a desktop? Microcomputer
Review
What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook? Portability
T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.
Computing FundamentalsUnit 2- Computer Hardware
Motherboard
Circuit board/Different sizes Connects components
CPU Memory Expansion ports/slots Bus
CPU Microprocessor
“Brain” Hertz (MHz & GHz) Control unit
reads/interprets instructions Performs calculations
to complete tasks 1979= 8 MHz 1993= 200 MHz 2010= 3 GHz
RAM
Active programs/data are held Stores what you are creating
Volatile (Temporary) Measured in bytes
MB or GB
Memory Size
1’s & 0’s Bit 8 bits = 1 byte
KB MB GB TB
ROM
BIOS Has instructions to boot your
computer Read only- no store data
Non-volatile On motherboard
Boot Process
Start PC ROM BIOS looks for OS Loads OS into RAM OS Starts You log in
Review
What is a CPU measured in? MHz or GHz
Which memory is volatile? RAM
Which is the largest? 3GB 3MB 3KB
Storage- Hard Drive Hard Drive- Magnetic MB or GB
320GB 1TB
Storage- CD Optical (laser)
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM CD-R, DVD+/- R CD-RW, DVD+/- RW
ROM= Read Only R= Record Once RW= Rewritable
CD= 80 min./ 700MB DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB
Storage- Floppy Disks
8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage
Storage- Flash Flash
No moving parts
Review
T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. False
Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from on Pc to another?
Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? CD-RW
Input Devices Allow data IN the
computer
Mouse- Input Ball Optical Laser On-screen arrow
is pointer Pointing Clicking Dragging Double-clicking Right-clicking
Voice Recognition- Input Speak commands into PC & enter
text Software must be installed Disabled people use
Output Devices Data comes OUT
of the computer Name some
USB Ports PnP “hot swap” Handles up to
127 devices Speeds up to
480mbps (40MB) A to B
connectionsAB
PS/2 Ports & VGA Port
PS/2 Purple
Keyboard Green
Mouse 6 pin
VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female
Parallel & Serial
Parallel 25 port female IEEE 1284 Old Printers
Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice
Parallel & Serial Devices
Parallel Serial
NIC & Modem
NIC RJ45 100Mbps
Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps
Sound Card Line Out
Headphone Speakers
Line In
Microphone
Other Ports
S-video HDMI DVI Firewire
Review
Which part of the computer performs calculations and controls processes? CPU
What is it called when people can speak into a PC and have it perform those commands? Voice recognition
Which type of memory is volatile? RAM
Review
Which software translates speech into text? Voice recognition
What is the name of the path that data travels on a motherboard? Bus
Which type of storage device has no moving parts? Flash/USB drive
Computing FundamentalsUnit 3- Maintaining & Protecting Hardware
Evaluating Components
Buying List the tasks,
software Check
requirements Portability or
not MAC or PC Storage
devices Peripherals
Evaluating Components
You could upgrade Add RAM New keyboard, mouse
(connections) Drives/Cards
May require pro to install
Routine Maintenance
Visual Inspection Check cables
Plugged in Good condition Inside computer too
Routine Maintenance
Dust Clogs fans Fans cools parts down Overheat= shutdown Compressed Air
Routine Maintenance
Wipes For monitors No tissues or towels (lint/scratch) No glass cleaners
Troubleshooting Example
On boot, message popup Unable to load library wxfw.dll.
Attempted to load <Key notfound>\wxfw.dll.Error code:126
Search online for wxfw.dll Found it was from a Desktop
Weather Program Found program & uninstalled Reboot & no error
Troubleshooting
1. Recognize you have a problem2. Replicate the steps to the
problem3. Check Basic Solutions
Cables, restart
4. Look or research for help & support
5. Talk to a technician6. Follow their instructions7. Confirm it’s fixed
Troubleshooting Scenarios- Check the basics The entire computer has
completely frozen up. I can't click anywhere on the screen. I can't even use the Start button to shut it down. Ctrl + Alt + Delete
I press print & the printer does not respond at all. Check the cables
Protect from Theft & Damage Protect Hardware
Power surge or spike
Power outage Theft
Protect Files Online backup CD/DVD backup
What’s a surge? An increase in voltage significantly
above the designated level
Surge Protector diverts extra voltage like a valve
Surge Suppressor
AKA Surge Protector Different from
Power Strip Check Joule
rating More joules
better protection
Has warranty $$
Noise Filter
UPS
Uninterruptable Power Supply
Battery backup & surge
Will power equip until you can save & shutdown
Protect From Theft
Laptop Locks
Padded Bags
Care for Removable Media Keep away from electrical fields
(TV/monitor)
Avoid extreme temperatures
Don’t touch media surface
Hold optical disks at edges
Keep disks in case when moving them
Review Which device protects a
computer from electrical surges? Surge suppressor
Which component has an RJ11 jack? Modem
Which component has a 15 pin female connector? VGA
Review A legacy printer would be
plugged into which port? Parallel
When troubleshooting, what would a basic solution be? Checking the cables
What is the last step in troubleshooting? Confirm the problem is fixed
Computing FundamentalsUnit 3a- Looking at More
Printers
Output device Dpi & ppm
Ribbons Ink Cartridges Toner Resolution
Printers
Dot Matrix Pins hammer into ink Not good quality
Inkjet Nozzles spray ink Good quality
Printers
Laser Laser writes to drum Toner Thousands of pages
All-In-One
Plotter Large paper
More About Printers
Networking on some
Make money from ink & toner
Monitors
Measured in pixels Resolution 1024 x 768
CRT Big & bulky
LCD Thin Less energy
Review
For faster printing would you use a dot matrix or inkjet?
Look up your ink or toner.
Computing FundamentalsUnit - Computer Softwware & OS
Operating Systems
Controls the way the computer interacts w/ parts & users Windows MAC Unix Linux
Software
Program that functions when loaded into RAM Created by programming Tested by beta users (beta testing) Final version released
How to Get Software
Purchase license to use it CD or DVD, download Get a key Site license for many in one place
Shareware Free trial version
Freeware Free & can share with others
Bundled with PC
Upgrading Software
Updates/Patches Fix errors Change minor
features Get from
manufacturer’s web site
Wait to see if update affects other’s
Application Programs
Performs a specific function Word Processing
Word, Word Perfect Spreadsheet
Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro Presentations
PowerPoint, Corel Presentations Database Management
Access
Graphics
Pictures Photoshop Formats
Tiff, jpg, gif, bmp
Each has different qualities
Tiff BEST but not browser compatible
Other Software
Multimedia- Video, Music, Animation Mpg, mp3, wav
Email Windows Mail/Outlook Eudora (one of the 1st)
Browser IE, Opera, Firefox
Utility- Anti-Virus Norton, AVG
Computing FundamentalsUnit - Networks
Computer Networks
Computers need to communicate with each other
2 or more connected devices Share files & resources
Standards allowed them to “speak the same language”
Network Benefits & Features Central Storage of files
Share files, resources, printers
Maintain network centrally
Secure
Backup
How Networks work Computers
connect to one another
Usually a server
Connecting How do you connect
to a network? NIC, Router
Networks
LAN Local Area Network Devices connected in small area This classroom, this school, your
house
Networks
WAN Wide Area Network Connects LANs Over a large geographic area
Internet
Originally for government
Largest network
What’s the most commonly used feature on the Internet? Email Email is stored on a server
NOT ON PC
Intranet
Looks like Internet
Only works w/in company network Great security
Handbooks, forms, news, policies
Extranet Allows outside organization to
access internal info Extension of intranet
Outside suppliers
Employees
Strict security Username & password
End of Day Two
Review
A room of 5 connected computers describes a… LAN
To connect to a network, your PC must have a… NIC
This type of “Internet” is for internal use only within a business. Intranet
top related