congenital anomalies

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

-Something that is unusual or different at birth.

A minor anomaly is defined as an unusual anatomic feature that is of no serious medical or cosmetic consequence to the patient. A minor anomaly of the feet might, for example, be curvature of the second toe so it overlaps the third toe a little.

CONGENITAL ANOMALY:

A major anomaly, by contrast, might be a cleft lip and palate, a birth defect of serious medical and cosmetic consequence to the child.

The word "congenital" means "at birth." "Anomaly" comes from the Greek word "anomalos" meaning "uneven" or "irregular."

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.

Impairment refers to a problem with a structure or organ of the body

Impairment 

A disability is measurable impairment or limitation that interferes with a person’s ability, for example. To walk, lift, hear, or learn.

It may refer to the a physical, sensory, or mental condition (Schiefelbusch Institute 1996)

Disability

Handicap is a disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or impairment.

The degree of the disadvantage (or the extent of the handicap) is often dependent on the adjustment made by both the person and his environment.

Handicap

  David is a 4-yr.-old who has a form of cerebral palsy (CP) called spastic diplegia.  David's CP causes his legs to be stiff, tight, and difficult to move.  He cannot stand or walk

1.  CP example:

The inability to move the legs easily at the joints and inability to bear weight on the feet is an impairment. 

Impairment: 

David's inability to walk is a disability. His level of disability can be improved with physical therapy and special equipment.  For example, if he learns to use a walker, with braces, his level of disability will improve considerably.

Disability

David's cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, in preschool, and in the community. 

As he gets older, his handicap will increase where certain sports and physical activities are considered "normal" activities for children of the same age. 

Handicap

Mental Retardation refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior. There is difficulty in managing activities for daily living and in conducting themselves appropriately in social situations. This is a condition in which there is delay or deficiency in all aspects of development.

Mental Retardation

Hashan is a four year old boy; he still can't walk independently, but can take a few steps with support. He can recognize family members, but cannot show where his ear and nose are. He can babble (say ba-ba-ba) but has not learnt to say any meaningful word. He can't indicate toilet needs. His parents say that he is like a one-year-old child in his mental abilities. Hashan has mental retardation.

MENTAL RETARDATION:

o Infections (present at birth or occurring after birth)

o Chromosomal abnormalitieso Genetic abnormalities and inherited

metabolic disorderso Nutritional (Malnutrition)o Toxic

Intrauterine exposure to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, and other drugs

CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION CAN BE ROUGHLY BROKEN DOWN INTO SEVERAL

CATEGORIES:

o Trauma (before and after birth) Intracranial hemorrhage before or after birth

-Lack of oxygen to the brain before, during, or after birth

-Severe head injury

“Our thoughts determine our responses to life. We

are not victims of the world. To extent that we control our thought, we

control the world. ”

NUGGET OF WISDOM