conservation concerns and collecting priorities for crop wild relatives of australia
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Conservation concerns and collecting priorities for crop wild relatives of Australia
Colin K. Khoury, Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez, Chrystian C. Sosa,
Harold A. Achicanoy, Steven Sotelo, and Sally L. Norton
2016 National Seed Science Forum16 March 2016
Australian PlantBankSydney, Australia
https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/
CWR in global conservation targets
“By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.”
Convention on Biological DiversityStrategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020
Aichi Biodiversity Targets
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
CWR in global development targets
“By 2020 maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed”
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Target 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote
sustainable agriculture
Crop wild relatives are valuable
Aluminium tolerance fromOryza rufipogon
Salinity tolerance from Solanum cheesmaniae
Western corn rootworm resistance
from Tripsacum dactyloides
Salinity tolerance from Helianthus paradoxus
Publications- 2% of citations recorded prior to 1970, 13% in the 1970s, 15% in the 1980s, 32% in the 1990s and 38% 2000-2009 (n=234)
Disease resistance 39%, pest and disease resistance 17%, abiotic stress tolerance 13%, quality improvement 11% yield increase 10%, husbandry improvement 6%, cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorers 4% (Maxted & Kell 2009)
2055
CWR are threatened
Jarvis et al. 2008 Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 126: 13-23.
1950-2000
6
Wild Pecos sunflower Helianthus paradoxusWild squash Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp.
okeechobeensis
Scrub plum Prunus geniculataTexas wild rice Zizania texana
Including in countries with strong conservation programs
Gather occurrence
data
Make collecting
recommendations
Model distributions
Process data
Determine gaps in
collections
TaxonomicGeographicEcological
Choose species or
area81 crop
genepools 1076 crop wild relative taxa
(close relatives)
CWR gap analysis method
Crop Wild Relative Global Occurrence Database
http://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/cwr-occurrences.php
www.cwrdiversity.org
Distributions of the CWR of pigeonpea
Khoury et al. 2015. Biological Conservation 184: 259-270.
Collecting priorities for the CWR of pigeonpea
Khoury et al. 2015. Biological Conservation 184: 259-270.
Gaps in genebanks for CWR of pigeonpea
Khoury et al. 2015. Biological Conservation 184: 259-270.
Targeted proposed collecting for adaptive traits for the CWR of pigeonpea
Potential distributions of selected CWR in A) south Asia and B) Australia that are not currently represented in germplasm collections and which occur in regions with <500 mm annual
precipitation.
Khoury et al. 2015. Biological Conservation 184: 259-270.
A B
Distributions of CWR worldwide
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
High Medium Low No further collecting recommended
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
71.1%
13.8% 11%
4.2%
Collecting priorities for CWR worldwide
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Gaps in genebanks for CWR worldwide
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
China
TurkeyUSA
SpainIndia Ira
nIta
ly
GreeceFrance
Indonesia
MexicoBrazil
Russian Federation
Morocco
Algeria
Pakistan
Portugal
Peru
Ukraine
Azerbaija
n
Thailand
Malaysia
Armenia
BulgariaJapan
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Syrian Arab Republic
Australia
Israel
Romania
Turkmenistan
Tunisia
Viet Nam
AlbaniaNepal
Hungary
Georgia Iraq
Lebanon0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Number of high priority species (HPS) for col-lecting per country
Australia’s got under-conserved CWR
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Distributions of pigeonpea CWR in Australia
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Distributions of rice CWR in Australia
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Distributions of sorghum CWR in Australia
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Distributions of soybean CWR in Australia
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Distributions of CWR in Australia
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
Gaps in genebanks for Australian CWR
Castañeda-Álvarez et al. 2016 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives. Nature Plants. doi:10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.22
The clock is ticking
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329772-500-australias-epic-scheme-to-farm-its-northern-wilds/#.VBMrW_ldUek
CWR resources
Primary regions of diversity of crops and their CWR
Khoury et al. 2015. Research Study 8 (Rome: FAO). Available online at: http://www.planttreaty.org/content/research-paper-8
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