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SA
COUNTRYPROFILE SAUDI ARABIA
CONTENTS<<COUNTRY>>
IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, Talent & Digital 2020: summaries
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
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BASIC FACTSCapital
Land area (square km '000) 2,1502019
Exchange Rate (per $) 3.7502019
Population - market size (millions) 34.222019 24
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 793.02019 18
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 55,5522019 13
Real GDP growth (%) 0.32019 56
Consumer price inflation (%) -1.212019 2
Unemployment rate (%) 5.532019 37
Labor force (millions) 14.502019 27
Current account balance (% of GDP) 6.292019 12
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 230.82018 24
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 0.582019 54
PEER GROUPS RANKINGSEUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
SAUDI ARABIAOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank
Riyadh
CHALLENGES IN 2020Ongoing efforts to raise the regional competitiveness within Saudi
Arabia to align with Vision 2030 goals.
NCC, National Competitiveness Center
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
36 3926 24
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3340
2215
1015
7
28 25
55
22
14
25
43
13 16
28 29
54
41
Dom
estic
Eco
nom
y
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Inte
rnat
iona
l Inv
estm
ent
Empl
oym
ent
Pric
es
Publ
ic F
inan
ce
Tax
Polic
y
Inst
itutio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
Busi
ness
Leg
isla
tion
Soci
etal
Fra
mew
ork
Prod
uctiv
ity &
Effi
cien
cy
Labo
r M
arke
t
Fina
nce
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
Att
itude
s an
d V
alue
s
Basi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Tech
nolo
gica
l Inf
rast
ruct
ure
Scie
ntifi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Hea
lth a
nd E
nvir
onm
ent
Educ
atio
n
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
23 2616 15
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
14 1510 9
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
• Ongoing efforts to raise the regional competitiveness within Saudi Arabia to align with Vision 2030 goals.
• Continuing the strategic government initiatives to mitigate economic loss during the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Supporting capital investment on Technology to elevate the business environment during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Take the economic measures to safeguard jobs, guarantee wages and support the self-employed impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Continuing to invest in the human development across all economic sectors.
Provided by:NCC, National Competitiveness Center
IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019
WCY 2020 DECLINES
WCY 2019
1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth -0.03 4.03 1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita -0.24
3.3.10 Stock market capitalization (%) 61.97 303.52 1.1.14 Real GDP growth 2.2
4.4.18 Renewable energies (%) 0.0 0.0 4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 2.93
2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.019 0.004 2.2.01 Collected total tax revenues 3.37
2.4.15 Start-up procedures 11.0 3.5 2.5.12 Unemployment rate - gender ratio 6.05
4.3.16 Patent applications per capita 13.51 20.68 1.2.02 Current account balance 9.24
4.5.08 Higher education achievement 27.0 40.0 4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.32
4.5.09 Women with degrees 22.6 32.8 4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 8.8
2.4.14 Start-up days 18.0 10.5 2.1.04 Total general government debt (%) 19.08
1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 3.13 2.07 3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth 10.04
4.3.18 Number of patents in force 26.6 34.2 4.5.05 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) 11.68
2.4.07 Government subsidies 1.09 0.78 1.2.25 Tourism receipts 1.75
2.4.16 Labor regulations 4.95 6.31 1.2.09 Exports of goods (%) 38.22
1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth 9.73 12.35 1.2.08 Exports of goods ($bn) 299.10
4.4.04 Health infrastructure 6.05 7.62 4.5.10 Student mobility inbound 2.40
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
SAUDI ARABIACOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
-2.03
8.27
6.29
0.25
7.1
22.79
8.20
268.59
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
WCY 2020
2.21
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
0.3
0.61
5.70
13.81
1.53
33.87
10.0%17.1%18.6%20.0%20.0%24.3%25.7%30.0%32.9%35.7%40.0%47.1%50.0%52.9%57.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Effective labor relationsSkilled workforce
Business-friendly environmentStrong R&D culture
High educational levelEffective legal environment
Competitive tax regimeOpen and positive attitudes
Cost competitivenessQuality of corporate governance
Competency of governmentAccess to financing
Reliable infrastructurePolicy stability & predictability
Dynamism of the economy
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 211 4 4 2 2
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
36 42 39 34
39 40 39 46
41 50 40 24
32 38 38 28
OVERALL
Future readiness
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS
EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS
Technology
DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL
SAUDI ARABIA
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years
Knowledge
3642 39
343639
26 24
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
25 29 28 23
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1317 15 14
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
46 34 34 62
24 25 5 4734
28 37 28 24
Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration
Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework
Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
Overall Factors Sub-Factors
N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.
u Overall top strengths
w Overall top weaknesses
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202022 38 20 34
16 39 38 34
61 49 59 62
Talent Rank Rank Rank
w Educational assessment PISA - Math 58 34 - International experience 11 u 4 - Foreign highly-skilled personnel 13 36 w 52 Management of cities 23 44 35 Digital/Technological skills 15 43 - Net flow of international students 40 37 w 52 w 54
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202048 50 39 25
36 31 13 5
41 56 54 47
Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank
Starting a business 22 - 29 Enforcing contracts 37 u 7 37 Immigration laws 28 10 18u Development & application of tech. 9 27 47 Scientific research legislation 24 12 48 Intellectual property rights 24 13 w 61
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202029 43 50 37
38 48 36 28
31 33 30 24
Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank
E-Participation 51 27 38 Internet retailing 42 52 u 4 Tablet possession 33 27 u 2 Smartphone possession 37 24 38 Attitudes toward globalization 18 21 28
Training & education Scientific concentration
Talent
Robots in Education and R&D
IT integration
Business agility IT integration
Scientific concentration
Capital Technological framework
FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
SAUDI ARABIA
FUTURE READINESS
TECHNOLOGY
Technological framework
Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships
IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technology
Regulatory framework
Capital
KNOWLEDGE
Entrepreneurial fear of failure
Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Software piracyKnowledge transfer
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)
Funding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users
Training & education
Employee training Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capitaHigher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants
WORLD TALENTRANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
Value
u 7.1 % 4 6,622 US$ 27 13.81 ratio 27 11.30 ratio 22u 6.14 Survey [0..10] 10 6.03 Survey [0..10] 33w 17.51 % 60 7.62 Survey [0..10] 18
Value
w 85.90 index 42 7.00 Survey [0..10] 26 5.91 Survey [0..10] 32 6.56 Survey [0..10] 14 7.66 Survey [0..10] 26u 7.14 Survey [0..10] 13 28,388 US$ 25 144,059 US$ 39 12.12 % 18 7.49 Survey [0..10] 20w 92.37 micrograms 62
Value
u 2.60 % 4 6.03 Survey [0..10] 29 6.74 Survey [0..10] 26u 6.69 Survey [0..10] 11 6.51 Survey [0..10] 16 6.43 Survey [0..10] 31w 21.14 % 45 6.79 Survey [0..10] 29 6.94 Survey [0..10] 25 6.80 Survey [0..10] 29 2.21 number 34w 386 Average 56
Investment & Development 2020 Rank
Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
2020 Rank
Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP
ApprenticeshipsEmployee training is a high priority in companies
Readiness 2020 Rank
Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds
Appeal
Exposure to particle pollution Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre
Labor force growth Percentage change
Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
Skilled labor is readily available
Cost-of-living index
Female labor force Percentage of total labor force
Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff
are sufficiently implemented
Total public exp. on education per student Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels
Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff
Management education meets the needs of the business community
Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences
University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Finance skills are readily available
International experience of senior managers is generally significant
Competent senior managers are readily available
Justice is fairly administered
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
Worker motivation in companies is high
Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
Quality of life is high
Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment
Remuneration in services professions
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
IMD World Talent Ranking 2020
SAUDI ARABIA
26
34
29
34
26
35
28
37
31 31
43
39
26
38
22
30
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Overall
Investment &Development
Appeal
Readiness
37
3934
30
Investment & Development
Appeal
Readiness
The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
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IMD WORLDTALENTRANKING 2020
IMD
WOR
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ANK
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